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TOROS artillery rocket system
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<h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p>This system is in general copy of <a href="/facts/Military_Technical_Institute_Belgrade/LW1fEkwG">Military Technical Institute Belgrade</a> <a href="/facts/M-87_Orkan/cQVQxtte">M-87 Orkan</a> with some minor modification in rocket design, different fuel for rocket and tubes. It is developed through <a href="/facts/Reverse_engineering/pmJCV7J7">reverse engineering</a> and plans obtained for Orkan M-87 including launcher M-87 and rocket 262mm used in that process all obtained from BNT Bratstvo <a href="/facts/Novi_Travnik/SBh3nJjM">Novi Travnik</a> from Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Sage is also known for reverse engineering of <a href="/facts/M270_Multiple_Launch_Rocket_System/KMen8sWv">M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System</a> 227mm rocket under designation SAGE 227 a program started because the United States' reluctancy to share technology with Turkey.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> 230mm rocket is continuation of SAGE 227 rocket program and 260mm rocket is based on 262mm Orkan M-87 rockets. </p><p>The 230 mm calibre system consists of six TOROS-230 unguided medium range <a href="/facts/Rocket/b6j4keIl">rockets</a> in a disposable launcher pod. The 260 mm calibre system consists of four TOROS-260 rockets in a disposable launcher pod. The launcher vehicle is designed to accept two TOROS-230 or TOROS-260 launcher pods. </p><p>Both rockets use an HTPB/AP solid propellent, and are stabilised in flight by four wrap-around fins. Sabots are fitted to the front of the rocket which fall away shortly after launch. Both rockets use a fin detent system to reduce wind dispersion, and are reported as having a dispersion of between one and two percent of their range. A variety of warheads have been proposed for the system including the basic blast fragmentation warhead, an electronic warfare warhead and a bunker busting warhead. </p><p>The launcher pods and advanced fire control system enable fast supply, loading, unloading, positioning and orientation operations. The unloading and reloading operations for two launch pods can be completed in less than twelve minutes. The system can be moved into position, oriented to target, and fired, all without the crew leaving the armoured cab. The launcher has a crew of three, but can be operated by a single person if needed. </p><p>Dispersion is reduced by helical rails which provide high roll rate during launch. </p><p>The system consists of four vehicles: </p> <ul><li>Launcher vehicle 6×6</li> <li>Logistics vehicle 6×6</li> <li>Maintenance vehicle 6×6</li> <li>Fire Command-Control vehicle 4×4</li></ul> <h2 id="specifications">Specifications</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>SAGE-230A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></th><th>SAGE-260A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></th></tr><tr><td>Diameter</td><td>230 mm</td><td>260 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Length</td><td>4.1 m (13 ft)</td><td>4.8 m (16 ft)</td></tr><tr><td>Mass</td><td>326/197 kg</td><td>485/280 kg</td></tr><tr><td>Operational temperature</td><td>-30/+55 °C</td><td>-30/+55 °C</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>20–65 km (12–40 mi)</td><td>25–110 km (16–68 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>Dispersion</td><td>2%</td><td>2%</td></tr><tr><td>Propellant</td><td>HTPB/AP</td><td>HTPB/AP</td></tr><tr><td>Shelf life</td><td>10 year</td><td>10 year</td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th>Launcher pods</th><th>TOROS-230</th><th>TOROS-260</th></tr><tr><td>Number of tubes</td><td>6</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Length</td><td>4.2 m (14 ft)</td><td>4.9 m (16 ft)</td></tr><tr><td>Width</td><td>1.0 m (3.3 ft)</td><td>0.9 m (3.0 ft)</td></tr><tr><td>Height</td><td>0.8 m (2.6 ft)</td><td>0.9 m (3.0 ft)</td></tr><tr><td>Empty mass</td><td>552 kg (1,217 lb)</td><td>647 kg (1,426 lb)</td></tr><tr><td>Loaded mass</td><td>2,442 kg (5,384 lb)</td><td>2,441 kg (5,381 lb)</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/M-87_Orkan/cQVQxtte">M-87 Orkan</a> - <a href="/facts/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia/PXRlHx9q">Yugoslavian</a> <a href="/facts/Multiple_rocket_launcher/LtUmrU8H">multiple rocket launcher</a> system.</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-2006</i></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.sage.tubitak.gov.tr">TUBITAK-SAGE</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Vojni program". Archived from the original on 2015-10-14. Retrieved 2015-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151014233644/http://www.bnt-tmh.com.ba/vojni_program.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151014233644/http://www.bnt-tmh.com.ba/vojni_program.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"TOROS 260 (Turkey) - Military Pictures - Air Force Army Navy Missiles Defense". www.defencetalk.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-15. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615151234/http://www.defencetalk.com/pictures/g3763-toros-260-turkey.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130615151234/http://www.defencetalk.com/pictures/g3763-toros-260-turkey.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Archived at Video Ghostarchive and the Video Wayback Machine Bosanska Haubica / Potpisan ugovor vrijedan 10 miliona KM. YouTube. <a href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ioYqQlQ2sxc" target="_blank">https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ioYqQlQ2sxc</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Vojni program". Archived from the original on 2015-10-14. Retrieved 2015-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151014233644/http://www.bnt-tmh.com.ba/vojni_program.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151014233644/http://www.bnt-tmh.com.ba/vojni_program.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Image SAGE personnel in front of Orkan M-87 launcher vehicle obtained from BiH Novi Travnih factory with two pods of quadruple TOROS 260A launcher pod <a href="http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/sites/default/files/gallery/s.gurov/11/01/14/toros_260a.jpg" target="_blank">http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/sites/default/files/gallery/s.gurov/11/01/14/toros_260a.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Royal Artillery". <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U3QsvhRetkcC&q=SAGE+227+rocket&pg=PA91" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=U3QsvhRetkcC&q=SAGE+227+rocket&pg=PA91</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-30. Retrieved 2014-04-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140430014437/http://www.ssm.gov.tr/katalog2007/data/396/images/Toros-teknik.jpg" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140430014437/http://www.ssm.gov.tr/katalog2007/data/396/images/Toros-teknik.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-30. Retrieved 2014-04-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140430014437/http://www.ssm.gov.tr/katalog2007/data/396/images/Toros-teknik.jpg" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140430014437/http://www.ssm.gov.tr/katalog2007/data/396/images/Toros-teknik.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>