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SensoMotoric Instruments
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The company was founded by Dr. Winfried Teiwes in 1991.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> SMI's first system, 3D VOG, was employed by the <a href="/facts/ESA/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a>, the <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a>, and on board the Russian space station <a href="/facts/Mir/pILadPoB">Mir</a> to analyze the effect of space missions on the gravity-responsive torsional eye movements of astronauts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Gradually, the company shifted its focus from astronautics towards ophthalmology and scientific research. Dr. Teiwes remained the company's Managing Director until 2008, when Eberhard Schmidt took over. After the sale of the ENT product line to Interacoustics – the diagnostics arm of <a href="/facts/William_Demant/Qrwkgkuw">William Demant Group</a> – in 2001,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> the spin-out of the retinal treatment activities into OD-OS in 2008,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> and the sale of the Ophthalmic division to <a href="/facts/Alcon/Veyhdk4R">Alcon</a> in 2012,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> the company focused on scientific and professional eye tracking research services, virtual reality applications, and OEM integrations. </p> <h2 id="technology-and-products">Technology and Products</h2> <p>The technology is based on dark pupil and corneal reflection tracking: The cameras in the SMI eye trackers detect the face, eyes, and pupils, as well as corneal reflections from infrared light sources, and calculate eye movements, gaze direction, and points of regard. The sampling frequency of these eye trackers ranges from 30 Hz to several kHz. </p><p>On the hardware side, the company has three main product lines: mobile Eye Tracking Glasses (ETG),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> remote eye-tracking systems (RED),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> and tower-mounted systems (<a href="/facts/USB/XcIKWLyg">Hi-Speed</a>). </p><p>The experimental design and data analysis software is called Experiment Suite, which comes in different packages depending on the user's research interests. </p> <h2 id="partnerships">Partnerships</h2> <p>At the 2014 Game Developers Conference, Sony unveiled the prototype InFamous: Second Son game for PlayStation 4, using SMI's RED-oem eye tracking system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p><p>At CES 2016, SMI demoed a new 250 Hz eye tracking system and a working <a href="/facts/Foveated_rendering/op3CL3sS">foveated rendering</a> product that resulted from a partnership with camera sensor manufacturer, <a href="/facts/OmniVision_Technologies/Saj2Vqh9">Omnivision,</a> who provided the camera hardware for the new system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p><p>In 2015, DEWESoft, with SMI, integrated the Eye Tracking Glasses into a driver machine monitoring and analysis platform for <a href="/facts/Advanced_driver-assistance_systems/8l0vVnKd">advanced driver-assistance systems</a> (ADAS).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p><p>In 2014, <a href="/facts/Red_Bull_GmbH/4czlygCC">Red Bull</a> started using the Eye Tracking Glasses as part of their Red Bull Surf Science project.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> At the <a href="/facts/Game_Developers_Conference/G8WBDbyW">Game Developers Conference</a> 2014, <a href="/facts/Sony/7x4tCtBd">Sony</a> unveiled the prototype of the <a href="/facts/PlayStation_4/wMtdFnoP">PlayStation 4</a> game <a href="/facts/Infamous_Second_Son/b2dRfT1Q">Infamous: Second Son</a> with the RED-oem eye tracking system integrated into it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p><p>In 2013, TechViz integrated SMI's 3D Eye Tracking Glasses<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> with their <a href="https://www.techviz.net/vr-software-for-your-project-reviews/">3D visualization software,</a> enabling eye tracking in a virtual reality <a href="/facts/Cave_automatic_virtual_environment/0K8cNXsw">CAVE</a>. The 3D Eye Tracking Glasses were developed in partnership with Volfoni.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> In the same year, WorldViz started cooperating with SMI to enable the calculation of intersections of gaze vectors with 3D objects and saving the data in one common database for deeper analysis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> <a href="/facts/German_Research_Center_for_Artificial_Intelligence/5QxluMGq">German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence</a> (DFKI) used the Eye Tracking Glasses to create Talking Places – the prototype of an interactive city guide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> </p><p>In 2012, in partnership with <a href="/facts/Emotiv/S0GUy4b6">Emotiv</a>, SMI developed a software package that combined the EEG data from the <a href="/facts/Emotiv/S0GUy4b6">Emotiv</a> <a href="/facts/EEG/XGvpcBl5">EEG</a> Neuroheadset with eye-tracking data.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> Neuromarketers can use this software to analyze consumer reactions to brands according to visual and emotional cues. Prentke Romich Company integrated SMI's NuEye eye-gaze accessory into its <a href="/facts/Speech-generating_device/LwF2QWbt">speech-generating</a> platform for people with disabilities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> The system allows users to control a communication device using only their eyes. Additionally, Visual Interaction offers the myGaze eye tracking accessory based on SMI technology with selected software packages for <a href="/facts/Assistive_technology/xYdAXG3y">assistive applications</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="acquisition">Acquisition</h2> <p>In June 2017, it was reported that <a href="/facts/Apple_Inc./oTJYta3k">Apple</a> acquired SMI.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="awards">Awards</h2> <p>In 1992, SMI won the Berlin and Brandenburg Innovation Prize.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> </p><p>In 2009, SMI's iView X RED system received the iF Product Design Award.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Biopac_student_lab/RkPpGY0x">Biopac</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Emotiv/S0GUy4b6">Emotiv</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Eye_tracking/xHrkQeh6">Eye tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Video-oculography/C9MtwCdc">Video-oculography</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Visual_perception/g7Tfaq2l">Visual perception</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>SMI company Archived 2017-03-13 at the Wayback Machine. SMI. Retrieved March 13, 2017. <a href="https://www.smivision.com/who-we-are/" target="_blank">https://www.smivision.com/who-we-are/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Ben Coxworth (May 9, 2014) Two-part system tracks body movement and gaze. Gizmag. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://www.gizmag.com/smi-eye-tracking-qualisys-motion-capture/32000/" target="_blank">http://www.gizmag.com/smi-eye-tracking-qualisys-motion-capture/32000/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Emotiv and SMI Combine Remote Eye Tracking and EEG: A Perfect Match! Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters. Retrieved April 3, 2014. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/12/idUS190012+12-Oct-2012+BW20121012" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/12/idUS190012+12-Oct-2012+BW20121012</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Hisham Abboud (January 4, 2014) New: Cedrus Introduces StimTracker for SMI Eye Trackers. Cedrus. Retrieved April 3, 2014. <a href="http://community.cedrus.com/showthread.php?t=1894" target="_blank">http://community.cedrus.com/showthread.php?t=1894</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>SensoMotoric Instruments and Noldus Information Technology combine eye tracking and video analysis. Noldus. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="http://www.noldus.com/news/sensomotoric-instruments-and-noldus-information-technology-combine-eye-tracking-and-video-analy" target="_blank">http://www.noldus.com/news/sensomotoric-instruments-and-noldus-information-technology-combine-eye-tracking-and-video-analy</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Ben Lang (February 8, 2013) SMI Introduces 3D Glasses With Eye Tracking. Road to VR. Retrieved April 3, 2014. <a href="http://www.roadtovr.com/smi-3d-eye-tracking-glasses/" target="_blank">http://www.roadtovr.com/smi-3d-eye-tracking-glasses/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>SMI Gaze Interaction Powers Google Glass Prototype Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/03/03/sensomotoric-instruments-idUKnBw035157a+100+BSW20150303" target="_blank">http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/03/03/sensomotoric-instruments-idUKnBw035157a+100+BSW20150303</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Stephen Hall (April 16, 2015). SMI’s Google Glass eye-tracking prototype is impressive. Google Glass Fans. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://www.googleglassfans.com/archives/6481/smis-google-glass-eye-tracking" target="_blank">http://www.googleglassfans.com/archives/6481/smis-google-glass-eye-tracking</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Jamie Feltham (November 17, 2014). SMI Launches Oculus Rift Eye Tracking Upgrade Package. VR Focus. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://vrfocus.com/archives/8818/smi-lanches-oculus-rift-eye-tracking-upgrade-package/" target="_blank">http://vrfocus.com/archives/8818/smi-lanches-oculus-rift-eye-tracking-upgrade-package/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Dave LeClair (November 21, 2014). SMI announces eye-tracking upgrade for Oculus Rift. Gizmag. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://www.gizmag.com/eye-tracking-oculus-rift/34878/" target="_blank">http://www.gizmag.com/eye-tracking-oculus-rift/34878/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Oliver Kreylos (June 2, 2014). An Eye-tracked Oculus Rift. Doc-ok. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://doc-ok.org/?p=1021" target="_blank">http://doc-ok.org/?p=1021</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Alio, J.L. Surgical Techniques in Ophthalmology: Strabismus Surgery. JP Medical Ltd, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2jRVH4e3DWoC&dq=sensomotoric+3d+vog++eye+tracking&pg=PA218" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=2jRVH4e3DWoC&dq=sensomotoric+3d+vog++eye+tracking&pg=PA218</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>ISS Symposium Berlin: The Effect of Gravity on Eye Movements. PRLOG. Retrieved March 13, 2017. <a href="https://www.prlog.org/11866601-iss-symposium-berlin-the-effect-of-gravity-on-eye-movements.html" target="_blank">https://www.prlog.org/11866601-iss-symposium-berlin-the-effect-of-gravity-on-eye-movements.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Interacoustics acquires 2D VOG family from SMI. Hearing Review. Retrieved April 3, 2014. <a href="http://www.hearingreview.com/2001/08/article-15443/" target="_blank">http://www.hearingreview.com/2001/08/article-15443/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>About OD-OS. OD-OS. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="http://www.od-os.com/int/company/about-us/" target="_blank">http://www.od-os.com/int/company/about-us/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Alcon history Archived 2014-07-01 at the Wayback Machine. Alcon. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="http://www.alcon.com/about-alcon/alcon-history.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.alcon.com/about-alcon/alcon-history.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Alcon acquisition. Eyewire Today. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="http://eyewiretoday.com/tv.asp?f=hoseg" target="_blank">http://eyewiretoday.com/tv.asp?f=hoseg</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Jeff Mackey (Dec 22, 2014). A new, less cumbersome way to track consumer eye movement. WRLWND. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://wrlwnd.com/new-less-cumbersome-way-track-consumer-eye-movement/" target="_blank">http://wrlwnd.com/new-less-cumbersome-way-track-consumer-eye-movement/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Edwin Kee (September 19, 2011). Eye Tracking glasses unveiled. Ubergizmo. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="http://www.ubergizmo.com/2011/09/eye-tracking-glasses/" target="_blank">http://www.ubergizmo.com/2011/09/eye-tracking-glasses/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Steve Dent (August 28, 2013). SMI launches Eye Tracking Glasses 2.0 with smartphone-based recorder. Engadget. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="https://www.engadget.com/2013/08/28/smi-launches-eye-tracking-glasses-2-0/" target="_blank">https://www.engadget.com/2013/08/28/smi-launches-eye-tracking-glasses-2-0/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Alan Brandon (November 16, 2010) 500 Hz remote eye tracker watches what you watch. Gizmag. Retrieved April 3, 2014. <a href="http://www.gizmag.com/smi-red500-500hz-remote-eye-tracker/16957/" target="_blank">http://www.gizmag.com/smi-red500-500hz-remote-eye-tracker/16957/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Edwin Kee (January 6, 2014) SensoMotoric Instruments Delivers SMI RED-n Consumer Eye Control Technology. Ubergizmo. Retrieved April 3, 2014. <a href="http://www.ubergizmo.com/2014/01/sensomotoric-instruments-delivers-smi-red-n-consumer-eye-control-technology/" target="_blank">http://www.ubergizmo.com/2014/01/sensomotoric-instruments-delivers-smi-red-n-consumer-eye-control-technology/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Ringier Medical (November 17, 2014). Contact-free eye tracking systems at SfN 2014. Industry Sourcing. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://www.industrysourcing.com/article/contact-free-eye-tracking-systems-sfn-2014" target="_blank">http://www.industrysourcing.com/article/contact-free-eye-tracking-systems-sfn-2014</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Kohler, Chris. "Magical Prototype Lets You Play PS4 With Your Eyeballs". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2022-02-23. <a href="https://www.wired.com/2014/03/ps4-gaze-eyeball-tracking/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/2014/03/ps4-gaze-eyeball-tracking/</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Mason, Will (2016-01-15). "SMI's 250Hz Eye Tracking and Foveated Rendering Are For Real, and the Cost May Surprise You". UploadVR. Retrieved 2017-02-02. <a href="http://uploadvr.com/smi-hands-on-250hz-eye-tracking/" target="_blank">http://uploadvr.com/smi-hands-on-250hz-eye-tracking/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>SMI and DEWESoft Introduce Driver Machine Monitoring and Analysis Platform for ADAS Development. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/smi-dewesoft-introduce-driver-machine-143000074.html" target="_blank">https://finance.yahoo.com/news/smi-dewesoft-introduce-driver-machine-143000074.html</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Freddy Lopez (April 3, 2015). Red Bull Explores Eye-Tracking Technology to Enhance Surfing Performance. SportTechie. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://www.sporttechie.com/2015/04/03/red-bull-explores-eye-tracking-technology-enhance-surfing-performance/" target="_blank">http://www.sporttechie.com/2015/04/03/red-bull-explores-eye-tracking-technology-enhance-surfing-performance/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Nate Hoppes (November 4, 2014). This Is What Happens When Scientists Go Surfing. Red Bull. Retrieved April 17, 2015. <a href="http://www.redbull.com/us/en/surfing/stories/1331686821979/this-is-what-happens-when-scientist-go-surfing" target="_blank">http://www.redbull.com/us/en/surfing/stories/1331686821979/this-is-what-happens-when-scientist-go-surfing</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Chris Kohler (March 25, 2014). Magical Prototype Lets You Play PS4 With Your Eyeballs. Wired. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="https://www.wired.com/gamelife/2014/03/ps4-gaze-eyeball-tracking/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/gamelife/2014/03/ps4-gaze-eyeball-tracking/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Sean Hollister (March 20, 2014). Could throwing fireballs with your eyes be the future of PlayStation?. The Verge. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2014/3/20/5527274/could-throwing-fireballs-with-your-eyes-be-the-future-of-playstation" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2014/3/20/5527274/could-throwing-fireballs-with-your-eyes-be-the-future-of-playstation</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Luke Plunkett (March 20, 2014). Sony Tech Lets You Play Games Using Your Eyes. Kotaku. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="https://kotaku.com/sony-tech-lets-you-play-games-using-your-eyes-1548338845" target="_blank">https://kotaku.com/sony-tech-lets-you-play-games-using-your-eyes-1548338845</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Zach Honig (February 4, 2013). SMI Eye-Tracking 3D Glasses use rim-based cameras to adjust perspective. Engadget. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="https://www.engadget.com/2013/02/04/smi-eye-tracking-3d-glasses/" target="_blank">https://www.engadget.com/2013/02/04/smi-eye-tracking-3d-glasses/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Thomas Anderson (February 4, 2013). Video: SMI debuts 3D eye-tracking device. TG Daily. Retrieved April 2, 2014. <a href="http://www.tgdaily.com/hardware-features/69255-video-smi-debuts-3d-eye-tracking-device" target="_blank">http://www.tgdaily.com/hardware-features/69255-video-smi-debuts-3d-eye-tracking-device</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>SMI reveals first 3D glasses with full eye tracking capability Archived 2014-04-03 at archive.today. Volfoni. 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