Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility
open-in-new
<h2 id="background">Background</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Neuroinformatics/5Csvq0C9">Neuroinformatics</a></p> <p>A key element to successfully understanding the <a href="/facts/Nervous_system/CDxRKU2U">nervous system</a> is the integration of <a href="/facts/Neuroscience/o5RV8Cas">neuroscience</a> with <a href="/facts/Information_science/HGG3e3Jv">information sciences</a>. The field that studies the nervous system, neuroscience, has responded to the fantastic challenge of understanding how our brain works with the use of the most sophisticated technologies, from studies on the <a href="/facts/Genome/31Sm08JT">genome</a> to those on <a href="/facts/Brain_imaging/dA5Cteaf">brain imaging</a> of behaviour in humans and other species, under different functional states, and at all intervening analytical levels. This effort has resulted in large quantities of data, which are ever increasing at higher levels of complexity. The data produced are heterogeneous, coming from different levels of study and modalities of analysis. To rise to this challenge of integration, and to ensure efficient and maximum use of these data, it is now necessary to develop and create these shared resources: </p> <ol><li>neuroscience data and knowledge databases;</li> <li>analytical and modelling tools; and</li> <li>computational models.</li></ol> <p>This challenge is being met through the merging of neurosciences with information science – the field of neuroinformatics. </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Genesis</h3> <p>The recommendation to coordinate international efforts in the new field of neuroinformatics was first made in the report on <a href="/facts/Bioinformatics/D5x2L8ee">bioinformatics</a> elaborated under the aegis of the then OECD Megascience Forum in 1998.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> Following extensive discussions in the Neuroinformatics Working Group of the Global Science Forum chaired by Dr. Stephen H. Koslow, the proposal to create an International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Council and a system of grant funding for neuroinformatics research was then presented in 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> This project was endorsed by OECD science ministers at their meeting in January 2004. Sixteen countries (Australia, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and Victoria, Australia), as well as the European Commission, then elaborated the working documents that form the legal basis for the INCF and the Programme in International Neuroinformatics (PIN).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h3>Establishment</h3> <p>The conditions laid out for the creation of the INCF<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> were met in July 2005, seven countries (the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States) having signed the Understanding document and pledged their financial contribution. A bid to host the INCF Secretariat was launched. Two proposals were received and, as instructed by the Governing Board, on November 3, the OECD<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> convened a panel of experts to review and rank the proposals. The panel assigned the higher ranking to the Swedish proposal, and this recommendation was endorsed by the INCF Governing Board when it met at OECD headquarters on November 28. Following extensive international discussions, the INCF was officially inaugurated in February 2007, with headquarters at the <a href="http://ki.se/en/startpage">Karolinska Institute</a> in Stockholm. </p><p>INCF promotes collaboration in neuroinformatics and reproducibility in brain research by </p> <ul><li>providing coordination of global neuroscience infrastructure through the development and endorsement of standards and best practices in support of open and FAIR (Findable Accessible Interoperable Reusable) neuroscience (<a href="/facts/FAIR_data/W0xxG6kx">FAIR data</a>) <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li>training researchers, administrators, and students on how neuroinformatics promotes rigor and reproducibility, open and FAIR science and publishing the entirety of their research output: narrative, data, and code <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>encouraging neuroscience as discipline to move towards FORCE (FAIR, Open, Research-object based, and Citable Ecosystem)</li> <li>promoting the advancement and continued development of neuroinformatics as a scientific discipline</li></ul> <h3>Key Program deliverables</h3> <p>include </p> <ul><li>Waxholm Space (WHS), <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> a coordinate-based reference space of the rodent brain</li> <li>Scalable Brain Atlas,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> a web-based display engine for brain atlases, imaging data, and topologies</li> <li>NineML,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> a general model description language</li> <li>The Multi-Simulation Coordinator (MUSIC),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> which allows large-scale neuron simulators and other applications to communicate during runtime</li> <li>The Neuroimaging Informatics Data Model (NI-DM),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> a framework for the generation, storage, and query of metadata including provenance information</li> <li>KnowledgeSpace,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> a community-based encyclopaedia that links brain research concepts with data, models and literature from around the world</li> <li>TrainingSpace,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> an online repository linking neuroinformatics training resources developed both by INCF, our partners, and existing community resources.</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Brain_Imaging_Data_Structure/A3GUpB4y">Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Blue_Brain_Project/NfxJtHyf">Blue Brain Project</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Budapest_Reference_Connectome/zsAVHdFV">Budapest Reference Connectome</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Human_Connectome_Project/KLwfj6eP">Human Connectome Project</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_neuroscience_databases/6WP7I4nB">List of neuroscience databases</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Neuroscience_Information_Framework/gJEwQcaF">Neuroscience Information Framework</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.incf.org/">Official website</a></li> <li>Neuroinformatics Congress – <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2019.org/">2019</a> (Warsaw, Poland); <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2018.org/">2018</a> (Montreal, Canada); <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2017.org/">2017</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2016.org/">2016</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2015.org/">2015</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2014.org/">2014</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2013.org/">2013</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2011.org/">2012</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2011.org/">2011</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2010.org/">2010</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2009.org/">2009</a>; <a href="http://www.neuroinformatics2008.org/">2008</a></li> <li><a href="http://nprc.incf.org/">Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium</a></li> <li>Van Essen, David (Spring 2007). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070713090939/http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=neuroscienceQuarterly_07spring_message">"A Message from SfN President David Van Essen"</a>. <i>Neuroscience Quarterly</i>. Archived from <a href="http://sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=neuroscienceQuarterly_07spring_message">the original</a> on 13 July 2007.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Mission | INCF". www.incf.org. Retrieved 2019-10-09. <a href="https://www.incf.org/about-incf" target="_blank">https://www.incf.org/about-incf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Hagstrom, Stephanie (2014-09-03). "The FAIR Data Principles". FORCE11. Retrieved 2017-12-04. <a href="https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples" target="_blank">https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"About". Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium. Retrieved 19 September 2017. <a href="http://nprc.incf.org/index.php/about/" target="_blank">http://nprc.incf.org/index.php/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Location | INCF". www.incf.org. Retrieved 2019-10-09. <a href="https://www.incf.org/contact" target="_blank">https://www.incf.org/contact</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"INCF Network | INCF". www.incf.org. Retrieved 2019-10-09. <a href="https://www.incf.org/network" target="_blank">https://www.incf.org/network</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Key personal | INCF". www.incf.org. Retrieved 2019-10-08. <a href="https://www.incf.org/team" target="_blank">https://www.incf.org/team</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"What we do | INCF". www.incf.org. Retrieved 2017-12-04. <a href="https://www.incf.org/about/what-we-do" target="_blank">https://www.incf.org/about/what-we-do</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Megascience Forum Working Group on Biological Informatics (January 1999). Final Report (Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. pp. 3–4, 49–50, 70–72. Retrieved 19 September 2017 – via INCF ownCloud. <a href="https://space.incf.org/index.php/s/GuZbEX4ZNlLiq9P" target="_blank">https://space.incf.org/index.php/s/GuZbEX4ZNlLiq9P</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Global Science Forum Neuroinformatics Working Group (June 2002). Report on Neuroinformatics (Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. pp. 5, 11–15, 46. Retrieved 19 September 2017 – via ICNF ownCloud. <a href="https://space.incf.org/index.php/s/2fVbs4bMY71vZVU" target="_blank">https://space.incf.org/index.php/s/2fVbs4bMY71vZVU</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Luanch of the project | INCF". www.OECD.org. Retrieved 2019-10-09. <a href="http://www.oecd.org/unitedstates/globalscientificresearchprojectlaunchedtoimproveunderstandingofthehumanbrain.htm" target="_blank">http://www.oecd.org/unitedstates/globalscientificresearchprojectlaunchedtoimproveunderstandingofthehumanbrain.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Incf | INCF". www.incf.org. Retrieved 2017-12-04. <a href="http://www.incf.org" target="_blank">http://www.incf.org</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"OECD.org - OECD". www.oecd.org. Retrieved 2017-12-04. <a href="http://www.oecd.org/" target="_blank">http://www.oecd.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Wilkinson M, Dumontier M, Aalbersberg I, et al. (March 2016). "The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship". Scientific Data. 3 (160018): 160018. Bibcode:2016NatSD...360018W. doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.18. PMC 4792175. PMID 26978244. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4792175" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4792175</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Breeze JL, Poline JB, Kennedy DN (July 2012). "Data sharing and publishing in the field of neuroimaging". GigaScience. 1 (9): 9. doi:10.1186/2047-217x-1-9. PMC 3626511. PMID 23587272. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3626511" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3626511</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Johnson GA, Badea A, Brandenburg J, Cofer G, Fubara B, Liu S, Nissanov J (Nov 2010). "Waxholm Space: An image-based reference for coordinating mouse brain research". NeuroImage. 53 (2): 365–372. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.067. PMC 2930145. PMID 20600960. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2930145" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2930145</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Scalable Brain Atlas - Neuroanatomy at your fingertips". scalablebrainatlas.incf.org. Retrieved 2017-12-04. <a href="https://scalablebrainatlas.incf.org/" target="_blank">https://scalablebrainatlas.incf.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"NineML". Retrieved 2017-12-04. <a href="http://incf.github.io/nineml-spec/" target="_blank">http://incf.github.io/nineml-spec/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>MUSIC, the MUltiSimulation Coordinator, International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF), 2017-11-14, retrieved 2017-12-04 <a href="https://github.com/INCF/MUSIC" target="_blank">https://github.com/INCF/MUSIC</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"- Neuroimaging Data Model". Retrieved 2017-12-04. <a href="http://nidm.nidash.org/" target="_blank">http://nidm.nidash.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"KnowledgeSpace - Home". knowledge-space.org. Retrieved 2017-12-04. <a href="https://knowledge-space.org/" target="_blank">https://knowledge-space.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"TrainingSpace - Home". training.incf.org. Retrieved 2018-04-24. <a href="https://training.incf.org/" target="_blank">https://training.incf.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>