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<h2 id="features">Features</h2> <p>Nmap features include: </p> <ul><li>Fast scan (<i>nmap -F [target]</i>) – Performing a basic port scan for fast result.</li> <li>Host discovery – Identifying hosts on a network. For example, listing the hosts that respond to <a href="/facts/Transmission_Control_Protocol/WW4sPrt9">TCP</a> and/or <a href="/facts/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol/VnrV56J0">ICMP</a> requests or have a particular port open.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Port_scanner/bN9IbU79">Port scanning</a> – Enumerating the open <a href="/facts/TCP_and_UDP_port/ygoHVKNC">ports</a> on target hosts.</li> <li>Version detection – Interrogating network services on remote devices to determine application name and version number.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Port_scanner/bN9IbU79">Ping Scan</a> – Check host by sending ping requests.</li> <li><a href="/facts/TCP%2fIP_stack_fingerprinting/2hFXJudG">TCP/IP stack fingerprinting</a> – Determining the <a href="/facts/Operating_system/8XTuvMh2">operating system</a> and hardware characteristics of network devices based on observations of network activity of said devices.</li> <li>Scriptable interaction with the target – using Nmap Scripting Engine<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> (NSE) and <a href="/facts/Lua_(programming_language)/xkBCgta0">Lua</a> programming language.</li></ul> <p>Nmap can provide further information on targets, including reverse <a href="/facts/Domain_Name_System/rfxdWFsj">DNS</a> names, device types, and <a href="/facts/MAC_address/SVcTfgUH">MAC addresses</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>Typical uses of Nmap: </p> <ul><li>Auditing the security of a device or <a href="/facts/Firewall_(computing)/Et2RkJaU">firewall</a> by identifying the network connections which can be made to, or through it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li>Identifying open ports on a target host in preparation for auditing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li>Network inventory, <a href="/facts/Network_mapping/uAk4chJ9">network mapping</a>, maintenance and asset management.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li>Auditing the security of a network by identifying new servers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>Generating traffic to hosts on a network, response analysis and response time measurement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li>Finding and <a href="/facts/Exploit_(computer_security)/EdlqsRJM">exploiting</a> vulnerabilities in a network.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Domain_Name_System/rfxdWFsj">DNS</a> queries and <a href="/facts/Subdomain/BM8N9jvH">subdomain</a> search</li></ul> <h2 id="user-interfaces">User interfaces</h2> <p>NmapFE, originally written by Kanchan, was Nmap's official <a href="/facts/GUI/fDHYWMU8">GUI</a> for Nmap versions 2.2 to 4.22.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> For Nmap 4.50 (originally in the 4.22SOC development series) NmapFE was replaced with Zenmap, a new official graphical user interface based on UMIT, developed by Adriano Monteiro Marques. </p> <h2 id="output">Output</h2> <p>Four different output formats are offered by Nmap. Everything is saved to a file except the interactive output. Text processing software can be used to modify Nmap output, allowing the user to customize reports.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> Interactive presented and updated real time when a user runs Nmap from the command line. Various options can be entered during the scan to facilitate monitoring. <a href="/facts/XML/clNgUfWk">XML</a> a format that can be further processed by XML tools. It can be converted into a <a href="/facts/HTML/sSc3fT78">HTML</a> report using <a href="/facts/XSLT/0gw4WVyJ">XSLT</a>. Grepable output that is tailored to line-oriented processing tools such as <a href="/facts/Grep/PdGQeFfD">grep</a>, <a href="/facts/Sed/5pXUwRdD">sed</a>, or <a href="/facts/Awk/lAQ0leyj">awk</a>. Normal the output as seen while running Nmap from the command line, but saved to a file. <a href="/facts/Script_kiddie/VBb5Rdzc">Script kiddie</a> meant to be an amusing way to format the interactive output <a href="/facts/L33t/oAbNH1IL">replacing</a> letters with their visually alike number representations. For example, Interesting ports becomes Int3rest1ng p0rtz. This is known as <a href="/facts/Leet/oAbNH1IL">Leet</a>. <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Nmap was first published in September 1997, as an article in <a href="/facts/Phrack_Magazine/guwr8z5E">Phrack Magazine</a> with source-code included.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> With help and contributions of the computer security community, development continued. Enhancements included operating system fingerprinting, service fingerprinting,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> code rewrites (<a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a> to <a href="/facts/C%252B%252B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a>), additional scan types, protocol support (e.g. <a href="/facts/IPv6/d4dg7kIL">IPv6</a>, <a href="/facts/SCTP/s8tmzUhz">SCTP</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a>) and new programs that complement Nmap's core features. </p><p>Major releases include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Date</th><th>Version</th><th>Significance</th></tr><tr><td>December 12, 1998; 26 years ago (1998-12-12)</td><td>Nmap 2.00</td><td>Nmap 2.00 is released, including Operating System fingerprinting<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>April 11, 1999; 26 years ago (1999-04-11)</td><td>NmapFE</td><td>A <a href="/facts/GTK%252B/oLpVm9pp">GTK+</a> front end, is bundled with Nmap<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>December 7, 2000; 24 years ago (2000-12-07)</td><td></td><td>Windows port<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>August 28, 2002; 22 years ago (2002-08-28)</td><td></td><td>Rewrite from C to C++<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>September 16, 2003; 21 years ago (2003-09-16)</td><td></td><td>The first public release to include service version detection<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>August 31, 2004; 20 years ago (2004-08-31)</td><td>Nmap 3.70</td><td>Core scan engine rewritten for version 3.70. New engine is called <i>ultra_scan</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Summer 2005</td><td></td><td>Nmap selected for participation in <a href="/facts/Google_Summer_of_Code/M8rDIn6W">Google Summer of Code</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> Added features included Zenmap, Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE), <a href="/facts/Ncat/3bITuucE">Ncat</a>, and 2nd-generation OS detection.</td></tr><tr><td>December 13, 2007; 17 years ago (2007-12-13)</td><td>Nmap 4.50</td><td>Nmap 4.50, the 10th Anniversary Edition, was released. Included Zenmap, 2nd-generation OS detection, and the Nmap Scripting Engine<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>March 30, 2009; 16 years ago (2009-03-30)</td><td>Nmap 4.85BETA5</td><td>Emergency release of Nmap 4.85BETA5, leveraging NSE to detect <a href="/facts/Conficker/1KQC8xdM">Conficker</a> infections<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>July 16, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-07-16)</td><td>Nmap 5.00</td><td>Included <a href="/facts/Netcat/3bITuucE">netcat</a>-replacement Ncat and Ndiff scan comparison tool<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>January 28, 2011; 14 years ago (2011-01-28)</td><td>Nmap 5.50</td><td>Included Nping packet generation response analysis and response time measurement, including TCP, UDP and ICMP probe modes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>May 21, 2012; 13 years ago (2012-05-21)</td><td>Nmap 6.00</td><td>Released with full IPv6 support.</td></tr><tr><td>November 9, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-11-09)</td><td>Nmap 7.00 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>December 20, 2016; 8 years ago (2016-12-20)</td><td>Nmap 7.40</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>March 20, 2018; 7 years ago (2018-03-20)</td><td>Nmap 7.70 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>August 10, 2019; 5 years ago (2019-08-10)</td><td>Nmap 7.80 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>October 3, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-10-03)</td><td>Nmap 7.90 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td>The new fingerprints allow better operating system and service/version detection. 3 new NSE scripts, new protocol library and payloads for host discovery, port scanning and version detection. Npcap 1.0.0, the first fully stable version of the Windows raw packet capturing/sending driver.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="legal-issues">Legal issues</h2> <p>Nmap is a tool that can be used to discover services running on Internet connected systems. Like any tool, it could potentially be used for <a href="/facts/Black_hat_hacker/QNzdbA8R">black hat hacking</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> as a precursor to attempts to gain unauthorized access to computer systems. However, Nmap is also used by security and systems administrators to assess their own networks for vulnerabilities (i.e. <a href="/facts/White_hat_hacker/yPX3oYsF">white hat hacking</a>). </p><p>System administrators can use Nmap to search for unauthorized servers, or for computers that do not conform to security standards.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p><p> In 2003 <a href="/facts/Supreme_Court_of_Finland/1RN6azQ6">Supreme Court of Finland</a> has ruled that port scanning has amounted to an attempted computer break in, which was illegal under Finnish Penal code at the time:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></p><blockquote><p><i>In its ruling the Supreme Court stated that the defendant had systematically carried out port scanning operations to gather information for the purpose of unauthorised break-in to the bank's computer network. This amounted to an attempted computer break in.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></i></p></blockquote> <h2 id="license">License</h2> <p>Nmap was originally distributed under the <a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GNU General Public License</a> (GPL).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> In later releases, Nmap's authors added clarifications and specific interpretations to the license where they felt the GPL was unclear or lacking.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> For instance, Nmap 3.50 specifically revoked the license of <a href="/facts/SCO_Group/uftSH8RP">SCO Group</a> to distribute Nmap software because of their views on the <a href="/facts/SCO-Linux_controversies/8dXQTBfB">SCO-Linux controversies</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> </p><p>Starting with version 7.90, Nmap transitions to a new custom license NPSL, dual-licensing versions 7.90, 7.91, and 7.92 under both old and new licenses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> Several Linux distributions consider the new license non-free.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="in-popular-culture">In popular culture</h2> <p>In <i><a href="/facts/The_Matrix_Reloaded/huFoblfl">The Matrix Reloaded</a></i>, <a href="/facts/Trinity_(Matrix_character)/4CFym5YI">Trinity</a> is seen using Nmap to access a power plant's computer system,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> allowing <a href="/facts/Neo_(The_Matrix)/UEScag2P">Neo</a> to "physically" <a href="/facts/Burglary/6dMK7SHD">break into</a> a building. The appearance of Nmap in the film was widely discussed on Internet forums and hailed as an unusually realistic example of hacking.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> </p><p>Nmap and NmapFE were used in <i><a href="/facts/The_Listening_(film)/7xXnvmRB">The Listening</a></i>, a 2006 movie about a former NSA officer who defects and mounts a clandestine counter-listening station high in the Italian alps. </p><p>Nmap source code can be seen in the movie <i><a href="/facts/Battle_Royale_(film)/lP95wyvt">Battle Royale</a></i>, as well as brief views of the command line version of Nmap executing in <i><a href="/facts/Live_Free_or_Die_Hard/ddnhhV1m">Live Free or Die Hard</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Bourne_Ultimatum_(film)/6hYnvMYH">Bourne Ultimatum</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> In 2013, Nmap continued to make appearances in movies including popular sci-fi movie <i><a href="/facts/Elysium_(film)/xKLJMn1m">Elysium</a></i>. </p><p>The film <i><a href="/facts/Dredd/WaHnanCI">Dredd</a></i>, a film adaptation of the famous <a href="/facts/Judge_Dredd/AtqynU95">Judge Dredd</a> comics, was released in 2012 and also contains multiple Nmap scenes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> Nmap is used for network reconnaissance and exploitation of the slum tower network. It is even seen briefly in the movie's trailer. </p><p>The command Nmap is widely used in the video game <i><a href="/facts/Hacknet/LIx4AqCs">Hacknet</a></i>, allowing to probe the network ports of a target system to hack it. </p><p>In <i><a href="/facts/Snowden_(film)/aWr4oAhG">Snowden</a></i>, Nmap is used in the aptitude test scene about 14 minutes into the movie. </p> <h2 id="in-academia">In academia</h2> <p>Nmap is an integral part of academic activities. It has been used for research involving the <a href="/facts/TCP%2fIP/KNkxtSpw">TCP/IP</a> protocol suite and networking in general.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> Besides being a research tool, Nmap has also become a research topic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="examples">Examples</h2> $ nmap -f -v -A scanme.nmap.org Starting Nmap 6.47 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2014-12-29 20:02 CET Nmap scan report for scanme.nmap.org (74.207.244.221) Host is up (0.16s latency). Not shown: 997 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 5.3p1 Debian 3ubuntu7.1 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: | 1024 8d:60:f1:7c:ca:b7:3d:0a:d6:67:54:9d:69:d9:b9:dd (DSA) |_ 2048 79:f8:09:ac:d4:e2:32:42:10:49:d3:bd:20:82:85:ec (RSA) 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.14 ((Ubuntu)) |_http-title: Go ahead and ScanMe! 9929/tcp open nping-echo Nping echo Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port Device type: general purpose|phone|storage-misc|WAP Running (JUST GUESSING): Linux 2.6.X|3.X|2.4.X (94%), Netgear RAIDiator 4.X (86%) OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.38 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:netgear:raidiator:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4 Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 2.6.38 (94%), Linux 3.0 (92%), Linux 2.6.32 - 3.0 (91%), Linux 2.6.18 (91%), Linux 2.6.39 (90%), Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.39 (90%), Linux 2.6.38 - 3.0 (90%), Linux 2.6.38 - 2.6.39 (89%), Linux 2.6.35 (88%), Linux 2.6.37 (88%) No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal). Network Distance: 13 hops Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel TRACEROUTE (using port 80/tcp) HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 14.21 ms 151.217.192.1 2 5.27 ms ae10-0.mx240-iphh.shitty.network (94.45.224.129) 3 13.16 ms hmb-s2-rou-1102.DE.eurorings.net (134.222.120.121) 4 6.83 ms blnb-s1-rou-1041.DE.eurorings.net (134.222.229.78) 5 8.30 ms blnb-s3-rou-1041.DE.eurorings.net (134.222.229.82) 6 9.42 ms as6939.bcix.de (193.178.185.34) 7 24.56 ms 10ge10-6.core1.ams1.he.net (184.105.213.229) 8 30.60 ms 100ge9-1.core1.lon2.he.net (72.52.92.213) 9 93.54 ms 100ge1-1.core1.nyc4.he.net (72.52.92.166) 10 181.14 ms 10ge9-6.core1.sjc2.he.net (184.105.213.173) 11 169.54 ms 10ge3-2.core3.fmt2.he.net (184.105.222.13) 12 164.58 ms router4-fmt.linode.com (64.71.132.138) 13 164.32 ms scanme.nmap.org (74.207.244.221) OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 28.98 seconds <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Aircrack-ng/EwCSTyvn">Aircrack-ng</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/BackBox/tFMYs4Dh">BackBox</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/BackTrack/FXK1YSls">BackTrack</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hping/avBN1CJ0">hping</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Kali_Linux/zYbzlyuW">Kali Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Kismet_(software)/x2Jkpwyn">Kismet (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Metasploit_Framework/sCtEhxlk">Metasploit Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nessus_(software)/hh38Wx18">Nessus (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Netcat/3bITuucE">Netcat</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/OpenVAS/Fjz5eGlv">OpenVAS</a></li> <li>SAgggl for Analyzing Networks</li> <li><a href="/facts/Wireshark/tTRY1DJr">Wireshark</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ZMap_(software)/pyT3zUsd">ZMap (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Shodan_(website)/fHE1RDGs">Shodan (website)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Fyodor Lyon, Gordon (1 January 2009). <a href="https://nmap.org/book/"><i>Nmap Network Scanning: The Official Nmap Project Guide to Network Discovery and Security Scanning</i></a>. Insecure.com LLC. p. 468. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-9799587-1-7.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://nmap.org">Official website</a> </li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Matrix mixes life and hacking". BBC News. 2003-05-19. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3039329.stm" target="_blank">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3039329.stm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Joshi, Sagar (2021-02-25). "What is Nmap And Why You Should Use It?". The Hack Report. Retrieved 2021-03-01. <a href="http://thehackreport.com/what-is-nmap-and-why-you-should-use-it/" target="_blank">http://thehackreport.com/what-is-nmap-and-why-you-should-use-it/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Nmap Scripting Engine: Introduction". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/nse.html#nse-intro" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/nse.html#nse-intro</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Nmap Scripting Engine: Introduction". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/nse.html#nse-intro" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/nse.html#nse-intro</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"The History and Future of Nmap". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/history-future.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/history-future.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Other Platforms". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/inst-other-platforms.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/inst-other-platforms.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Nmap Installation for Windows". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://nmap.org/install/inst-windows.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/install/inst-windows.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Service and Application Version Detection". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/vscan.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/vscan.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Nmap Scripting Engine". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/nse.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/nse.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Nmap Reference Guide". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/man.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/man.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Nmap Overview and Demonstration. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/nmap-overview-and-demos.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/nmap-overview-and-demos.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>When Good Scanners Go Bad, From [1] Archived 2000-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, Computerworld 22 March 1999 <a href="https://nmap.org/press/computerworld_when_good_scanners_go_bad.txt" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/press/computerworld_when_good_scanners_go_bad.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Linux.lat". Google News. 27 June 2024. 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GCHQ's incredible hacking tool to sweep net for vulnerabilities: Nmap". TheRegister.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-10-28. <a href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/08/15/gchq_port_scan_hacienda/" target="_blank">https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/08/15/gchq_port_scan_hacienda/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Nmap Changelog". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-29. <a href="https://nmap.org/changelog.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/changelog.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Nmap Reference Guide: Output". Nmap.org. Retrieved 2018-10-29. <a href="https://nmap.org/book/man-output.html" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/book/man-output.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"The Art of Port Scanning". Phrack Magazine. Vol. 7, no. 51. 1997-09-01. 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Retrieved 2018-10-29. <a href="https://insecure.org/stf/Nmap-4.50-Release.html" target="_blank">https://insecure.org/stf/Nmap-4.50-Release.html</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Nmap 4.85BETA5: Now with Conficker detection!". Seclists.org. 2009-03-30. Retrieved 2018-10-29. <a href="https://seclists.org/nmap-dev/2009/q1/870" target="_blank">https://seclists.org/nmap-dev/2009/q1/870</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>"Nmap 5.00 Released". Nmap.org. 2009-07-16. Retrieved 2018-10-29. <a href="https://nmap.org/5/" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/5/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>"nmap/nping/docs/nping.1 at master · nmap/nmap". 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Retrieved 2019-08-10. <a href="https://nmap.org/changelog.html#7.80" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/changelog.html#7.80</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>"Nmap 7.90". Nmap.org. 2019-10-03. Retrieved 2020-10-03. <a href="https://nmap.org/changelog.html#7.90" target="_blank">https://nmap.org/changelog.html#7.90</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Poulsen, Kevin (2004-11-24). "Hacking tool reportedly draws FBI subpoenas". SecurityFocus.com. Retrieved 2018-10-29. <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Poulsen" target="_blank">/wiki/Kevin_Poulsen</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>"How To Conduct A Security Audit" (PDF). PC Network Advisor. No. 120. July 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-04-27. 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