Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Handwritten biometric recognition
open-in-new
><h2 id="static-and-dynamic-recognition">Static and dynamic recognition</h2> <p>Handwritten biometrics can be split into two main categories: </p><p>Static: In this mode, users writes on paper, digitize it through an optical scanner or a camera, and the biometric system recognizes the text analyzing its shape. This group is also known as "off-line". </p><p>Dynamic: In this mode, users writes in a <a href="/facts/Digitizing_tablet/tydCnPqP">digitizing tablet</a>, which acquires the text in real time. Another possibility is the acquisition by means of stylus-operated PDAs. Dynamic recognition is also known as "on-line". Dynamic information for <a href="/facts/Handwriting_movement_analysis/QTYbpPfs">handwriting movement analysis</a> usually consists of the following information: </p> <ul><li>spatial coordinate x(t)</li> <li>spatial coordinate y(t)</li> <li>pressure p(t)</li> <li>azimuth az(t)</li> <li>inclination in(t)</li></ul> <p>Better accuracies are achieved by means of dynamic systems. Some technological approaches exist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="difference-from-ocr">Difference from OCR</h2> <p>Handwritten biometric recognition should not be confused with <a href="/facts/Optical_character_recognition/kdTyxa1l">optical character recognition</a> (OCR). While the goal of handwritten biometrics is to identify the author of a given text, the goal of an OCR is to recognize the content of the text, regardless of its author. </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Chapran, J. (2006). "Biometric Writer Identification: Feature Analysis and Classification". International Journal of Pattern Recognition & Artificial Intelligence. 20 (4): 483–503. doi:10.1142/S0218001406004831. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Schomaker, L. (2007). "Advances in Writer Identification and Verification". Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR: 1268–1273. Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2020-10-12. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4288160" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4288160</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Said, H. E. S.; TN Tan; KD Baker (2000). "Personal identification based on handwriting". Pattern Recognition. 33 (2000): 149–160. Bibcode:2000PatRe..33..149S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.408.9131. doi:10.1016/S0031-3203(99)00006-0. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Schlapbach, A.; M Liwicki; H Bunke (2008). "A writer identification system for on-line whiteboard data". Pattern Recognition. 41 (7): 2381–2397. Bibcode:2008PatRe..41.2381S. doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2008.01.006. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Sesa-Nogueras, Enric; Marcos Faundez-Zanuy (2012). "Biometric recognition using online uppercase handwritten text". Pattern Recognition. 45 (1): 128–144. Bibcode:2012PatRe..45..128S. doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2011.06.002. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>