Computer scientist

<h2 id="education">Education</h2>
<p>Most computer scientists possess a <a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Philosophy/paJumdN8">PhD</a>, <a href="/facts/Master_of_Science/5xKwvXjm">M.S.</a>, or <a href="/facts/Bachelor%27s_degree/s739u69z">Bachelor's degree</a> in computer science, or other similar fields like <a href="/facts/Information_and_Computer_Science/KdsU5jK3">Information and Computer Science</a> (CIS), a closely related discipline such as <a href="/facts/Mathematics/pxTouaz4">mathematics</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> or <a href="/facts/Physics/a7aH2y08">physics</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
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<h3>Areas of specialization</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Theoretical_computer_science/jSkGGuvy">Theoretical computer science</a> – including data structures and algorithms, <a href="/facts/Theory_of_computation/xYJd2YeI">theory of computation</a>, <a href="/facts/Information_theory/qNLH3U5P">information theory</a> and <a href="/facts/Coding_theory/SBqStoGL">coding theory</a>, <a href="/facts/Programming_language_theory/MfecfTFI">programming language theory</a>, and <a href="/facts/Formal_methods/tw4FCWIb">formal methods</a></li>
<li>Computer systems – including <a href="/facts/Computer_architecture/tHtwxgR2">computer architecture</a> and <a href="/facts/Computer_engineering/5x1TRKGo">computer engineering</a>, <a href="/facts/Computer_performance/td1qKox4">computer performance</a> analysis, <a href="/facts/Concurrency_(computer_science)/Ctnrrq4A">concurrency</a>, and <a href="/facts/Distributed_computing/o5nyhqTF">distributed computing</a>, <a href="/facts/Computer_network/3w5RM99p">computer networks</a>, <a href="/facts/Computer_security/7E5dIy7G">computer security</a> and <a href="/facts/Cryptography/e94PEVau">cryptography</a>, and <a href="/facts/Database/VYcpkevb">databases</a>.</li>
<li>Computer applications – including <a href="/facts/Computer_graphics_(computer_science)/J9aVQo5C">computer graphics</a> and visualization, <a href="/facts/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction/EkmIxGCx">human–computer interaction</a>, <a href="/facts/Scientific_computing/PnVD19hw">scientific computing</a>, and <a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence/lJGauQwX">artificial intelligence</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Software_engineering/KX6cE9kz">Software engineering</a> – the application of engineering to software development in a systematic method</li></ul>
<h2 id="employment">Employment</h2>
<p>Employment prospects for computer scientists are said to be excellent. Such prospects seem to be attributed, in part, to very rapid growth in computer systems design and related services industry, and the software publishing industry, which are projected to be among the fastest growing industries in the U.S. economy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p><p>Computer scientists are often hired by software publishing firms, scientific research and development organizations, or universities where they develop the theories and computer models that allow new technologies to be developed.
</p><p>Computer scientists can follow more practical applications of their knowledge, doing things such as software engineering. They can also be found in the field of <a href="/facts/Information_technology_consulting/r0YqxEXo">information technology consulting</a>, and may be seen as a type of mathematician, given how much of the field depends on mathematics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Computer scientists employed in industry may eventually advance into managerial or project leadership positions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a>
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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Computational_scientist/tWsjPxKj">Computational scientist</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Software_engineering/KX6cE9kz">Software engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_computer_scientists/zd2xpuxp">List of computer scientists</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_computing_people/fnPMM94y">List of computing people</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science/XlurWBLL">List of pioneers in computer science</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Orsucci, Franco F.; Sala, Nicoletta (2008). Reflexing Interfaces: The Complex Coevolution of Information Technology Ecosystems, Information Science Reference. p. 335. ISBN 978-1599046273. <a href="978-1599046273" target="_blank">978-1599046273</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>"Computer and Information Research Scientists". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2019. <a href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Computer-and-Information-Technology/Computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm" target="_blank">https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Computer-and-Information-Technology/Computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>"Computer and Information Research Scientists". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2019. <a href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Computer-and-Information-Technology/Computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm" target="_blank">https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Computer-and-Information-Technology/Computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>"Fields of Employment for Physics Bachelors in the Private Sector, tuty of 2010 & 2012 Combined". American Physical Society. Archived from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2019. <a href="https://www.aps.org/careers/statistics/bsprivatesec.cfm" target="_blank">https://www.aps.org/careers/statistics/bsprivatesec.cfm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>"Computer and Information Research Scientists". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2019. <a href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Computer-and-Information-Technology/Computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm" target="_blank">https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Computer-and-Information-Technology/Computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>"Computing Disciplines & Majors" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2019. <a href="https://www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/education/computing-disciplines.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/education/computing-disciplines.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Perry, Benjamin Beau. "What is a computer scientist?". The University of Newcastle. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2019. <a href="http://people.cs.ksu.edu/~bbp9857/cs.html" target="_blank">http://people.cs.ksu.edu/~bbp9857/cs.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Computer scientist open-in-new

Computer scientist