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Gerindra Party
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>After coming last in <a href="/facts/Golkar/31AMbY39">Golkar</a>'s presidential convention on 21 April 2004, Prabowo served as a member of Golkar's Advisory Board until his resignation on 12 July 2008. Gerindra was formed on 6 February 2008 at the suggestion of Prabowo's younger brother, <a href="/facts/Hashim_Djojohadikusumo/EjzmE94z">Hashim Djojohadikusumo</a>, who helped pay for party's prime-time TV advertising campaign.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> Prabowo was appointed chairman of the party's Founding Board. </p><p>Gerindra's provincial level election teams were formed in February 2009. The party then claimed a membership of approximately 15 million, with its support base coming from across <a href="/facts/Java/2MNA2rLm">Java</a>, <a href="/facts/Sumatra/Fo192kJb">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/facts/Kalimantan/8yTnSh8F">Kalimantan</a> and <a href="/facts/Sulawesi/BKg2WNej">Sulawesi</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>The party won 4.5% of the vote in the <a href="/facts/Indonesian_legislative_election%2c_2009/4sYBjh4A">2009 legislative election</a>, and was awarded 26 seats in the <a href="/facts/People%2527s_Representative_Council/C4AvhtfI">People's Representative Council</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Reform_Star_Party/ruyjqkkq">Reform Star Party</a> (PBR) was merged into Gerindra in February 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>In the <a href="/facts/Indonesian_legislative_election%2c_2014/3ajzz0l6">national legislative election on 9 April 2014</a>, the party's vote share jumped to 11.8%, making it the third-most popular party in Indonesia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Gerindra almost trebled the number of seats it won from 26 seats in 2009 to 73 seats in 2014. </p><p>Following the death of Gerindra chairman Suhardi on 28 August 2014, Prabowo was appointed general chairman on 20 September 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="political-identities">Political identities</h2> <h3>Ideology</h3> <p>The 2008 Law on Political Parties states that political parties are allowed to include specific characteristics that reflect their political aspirations, as long as they do not contradict <a href="/facts/Pancasila_(politics)/nd7tX6Pq">Pancasila</a> and the <a href="/facts/Constitution_of_Indonesia/JjnEaIW9">1945 Constitution</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> As per Articles 5 and 7 of its <a href="/facts/Articles_of_association/gwUImIn0">constitution and bylaws</a> (AD/ART), Gerindra is founded on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, while its identity is rooted in <a href="/facts/Nationalism/IECpIhm0">nationalism</a>, <a href="/facts/Populism/J0EXt6XK">populism</a>, <a href="/facts/Religion/cxntrD0R">religion</a>, and <a href="/facts/Social_justice/yPVcRR0w">social justice</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> In February 2019, the party's central board member Andre Rosiade described Gerindra as a "<a href="/facts/Religious_nationalism/K6fU5kb0">nationalist-religious</a>" party.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Outsider views on the party's political orientation vary. Academics and domestic observers classified Gerindra as a <a href="/facts/Indonesian_nationalism/5AMbzw3y">nationalist</a> party,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> while their international counterparts described it as a <a href="/facts/Secularism/QEGcV0XI">secular</a> party with hard nationalist stance,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Ultranationalism/7AXSnAsT">ultranationalist</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> or "militant nationalist" party.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Tom Power disagrees with labeling Gerindra as a secular party and categorizes it as a "<a href="/facts/Inclusivism/D5IgD1ka">inclusivist</a>-nationalist" party, due to its perceived willingness to compromise on Islamic political agendas.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Its <a href="/facts/Political_spectrum/8JazHDe0">political leaning</a> has been described as <a href="/facts/Right-wing_politics/CVoubHMm">right-wing</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> or <a href="/facts/Right-wing_populist/Wr5gfR88">right-wing populist</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p> <h3>Political positions</h3> <p>In its political manifesto, Gerindra has taken positions on several issues. On politics, Gerindra seeks to overhaul Indonesia's political system, rejecting <a href="/facts/Liberal_democracy/5blgnbkS">liberal democracy</a> as counterproductive. It advocates a culturally aligned democracy, emphasizing robust national leadership based on <a href="/facts/Pancasila_(politics)/nd7tX6Pq">Pancasila</a> and the constitution.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> In the economic field, Gerindra advocates <a href="/facts/Economic_populism/BKlyN0qD">economic populism</a>, criticizing Indonesia's <a href="/facts/Economic_liberalism/FVN7C4Le">liberal economy</a>. It seeks increased <a href="/facts/Market_intervention/mf696hcb">state involvement</a>, rejects rising <a href="/facts/Foreign_debt/32AryBbT">foreign debt</a>, opposes the <a href="/facts/Privatization/TAtreKqK">privatization</a> of <a href="/facts/State-owned_enterprises_of_Indonesia/8vSNdd8b">state-owned enterprises</a> (BUMN), calls for the reevaluation of laws favoring foreign entities (such as the Oil and Gas Law and the Investment Law), and favors reintroducing the <a href="/facts/New_Order_(Indonesia)/dp86kjXg">New Order</a> era Broad Outlines of State Policy (GBHN). Gerindra generally rejects <a href="/facts/Economic_liberalisation/8KufLnlU">economic liberalisation</a> and supports <a href="/facts/Protectionism/jSa6HEAg">protectionist</a> to even <a href="/facts/State_capitalism/7UDnqIWs">state capitalist</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> measures, while supporting some <a href="/facts/Deregulation/GfeqM1oM">deregulation</a> to support entrepreneurship, particularly for small and medium enterprises.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> Gerindra follows a <a href="/facts/Populism/J0EXt6XK">populist</a> and <a href="/facts/Indonesian_nationalism/5AMbzw3y">nationalist</a> economic platform, targeting the lower middle class such as farmers and fishers, though its supporters in the 2014 general election were disproportionately urban dwellers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Prabowo_Subianto/U2leLFAX">Prabowo Subianto</a> said in his speech at the INDEF-organization that Indonesia needs a <a href="/facts/Third_Way/q9bbL37a">middle way</a> between <a href="/facts/Capitalism/FbPc6TTw">capitalism</a> and <a href="/facts/Socialism/U2kVoPaA">socialism</a>, which would be a <a href="/facts/Pancasila_(politics)/nd7tX6Pq">Pancasila</a> <a href="/facts/Economy/okLWSsEY">economy</a> how it the third president of Indonesia <a href="/facts/B.J._Habibie/xCdmbETu">B.J. Habibie</a> wanted.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> Beside his own varient of a <a href="/facts/Third_Way/q9bbL37a">Third Way</a>, he advocates for <a href="/facts/Anti-neoliberalism/3U83n8P2">anti-neoliberalism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p><p>In foreign policy, Prabowo has expressed a desire for closer diplomatic ties with China and India, while calling for distance from the West.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> He has proposed a peace plan to end the <a href="/facts/Russo-Ukrainian_War/kE7cHvoQ">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, involving holding referendums in disputed areas between the two countries, which was subsequently condemned by Ukraine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> In January 2022, Prabowo expressed openness to the normalization of <a href="/facts/Indonesia%25E2%2580%2593Israel_relations/3nyNLHlG">Indonesia–Israel relations</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p><p>The Gerindra parliamentary group in the DPR have expressed their opinions on a few issues: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Year</th><th>Bills</th><th>Votes</th><th>Party stances/Other views</th></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td><a href="/facts/Corruption_Eradication_Commission/lKyW9NKa">Revision of Law on the Corruption Eradication Commission</a><i>RUU KPK</i></td><td></td><td>Gerindra initially opposed the direct appointment of the KPK Supervisory Board members by the president, but later endorsed it after losing the vote during the bill's ratification.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td><a href="/facts/Law_on_Sexual_Violence_Crimes/3sJ0xpqk">Law on Sexual Violence Crimes</a><i>RUU TPKS</i></td><td></td><td>Gerindra proposed removing the word "violence" from the bill's title to emphasize prevention over punishment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td><a href="/facts/Law_on_State_Capital/o2FbKWT9">Law on State Capital</a><i>RUU IKN</i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td><a href="/facts/2023_Indonesian_Criminal_Code/NANBoE4T">Revision of the Indonesian Criminal Code</a><i>RUU KUHP</i></td><td></td><td>Gerindra backs the clause against <i><a href="/facts/Cohabitation/fK445IGU">kumpul kebo</a></i> (cohabitation), considering it against religious beliefs and public norms in Indonesia. They see it as a threat to marital values and a cause of social issues, advocating for stricter penalties from 6 months to 1 year in prison.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td><a href="/facts/2023_Omnibus_Law_on_Job_Creation/CXhWzSCr">Omnibus Law on Job Creation</a><i>RUU Cipta Kerja</i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td><a href="/facts/Special_Region_of_Jakarta_Act/Ih3jkQnz">Special Region of Jakarta Act</a><i>RUU DKJ</i></td><td></td><td>Gerindra supports the clause proposing that Jakarta's governor and deputy governor be appointed by the president after consulting the <i>Badan Musyawarah Suku Betawi 1982</i> (Betawi Tribe Deliberation Body), viewing it as public participation in lawmaking.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> Gerindra eventually endorsed the bill.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="leadership-structure">Leadership structure</h2> <p>The following leadership structure of the party are as follows (2020-2025)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p><p>Leader of the Advisory Council: General (Hon.) <a href="/facts/Prabowo_Subianto/U2leLFAX">H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo</a> </p><p>Deputy Leader of the Advisory Council </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Hashim_Djojohadikusumo/EjzmE94z">Hashim Djojohadikusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ahmad_Muzani/ATND8jUB">Ahmad Muzani</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sufmi_Dasco_Ahmad/gSwXy7uY">Sufmi Dasco Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fadli_Zon/he854fXT">Fadli Zon</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Thomas_Djiwandono/557Gyvo9">Thomas Aquinas Djiwandono</a></li> <li>Angky Retno Yudianto</li> <li><a href="/facts/Dedi_Mulyadi/KIyGeVe1">Dedi Mulyadi</a></li> <li>Mochamad Iriawan</li> <li><a href="/facts/Titiek_Suharto/K1hVzNYQ">Titiek Soeharto</a></li></ul> <p>Secretary of the Advisory Council: <a href="/facts/Sugiono/6HMuxolU">Sugiono</a> </p><p>Vice Secretary of the Advisory Council: <a href="/facts/Prasetyo_Hadi/nXluDvre">Prasetyo Hadi</a> </p><p>General Chairman: General (Hon.) <a href="/facts/Prabowo_Subianto/U2leLFAX">H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo</a> </p><p>Vice Chairman </p> <ul><li>Deputy General Chairperson for Organization, Cadre Generation, Membership and Election Victory: <a href="/facts/Sufmi_Dasco_Ahmad/gSwXy7uY">Sufmi Dasco Ahmad</a></li> <li>Deputy General Chair for Foreign Affairs: <a href="/facts/Fadli_Zon/he854fXT">Fadli Zon</a></li> <li>Deputy General Chair for Ideology, Politics, Government, Party Discipline and Strategic Information: <a href="/facts/Sugiono/6HMuxolU">Sugiono</a></li> <li>Deputy General Chairperson for Economic and Environmental Affairs: <a href="/facts/Budi_Djiwandono/f88BTynx">Budi Djiwandono</a></li> <li>Deputy Chairman of the General Chair for Defense and Security: Major General TNI (Ret.) Musa Bangun</li> <li>Deputy Chairperson General Chairperson for Network Potential Empowerment, Cooperatives and MSMEs: Ferry Joko Yuliantono</li> <li>Deputy Chairperson for Health and Employment Affairs: Drg. Putih Sari</li> <li>Deputy Chairperson of the General Chair for Youth, Women and Children: <a href="/facts/Rahayu_Saraswati/dfwx3PzP">Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo</a></li> <li>Deputy Chairperson for Legal and Advocacy: <a href="/facts/Habiburokhman/4RN6QUtV">Habiburokhman</a></li> <li>Deputy Chairperson for Community Service and People's Welfare: Sumaryati Amin Aryoso</li> <li>Deputy Chairperson for Education and Infrastructure: Susi Marleny Bachsin</li> <li>Deputy Chairman of the General Chair for Religious Affairs: Mochamad Irfan Yusuf</li></ul> <p>Secretary General: <a href="/facts/Ahmad_Muzani/ATND8jUB">Ahmad Muzani</a> </p><p>Treasurer: <a href="/facts/Thomas_Djiwandono/557Gyvo9">Thomas Aquinas Djiwandono</a> </p> <h2 id="wing-organizations">Wing organizations</h2> <p>Gerindra's wing organizations include: </p> <ul><li>TIDAR (<i>Tunas Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia Bud)</li> <li>PIRA (<i>Perempuan Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia Woman)</li> <li>GEMIRA (<i>Gerakan Muslim Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia Muslim Movement)</li> <li>GEKIRA (<i>Gerakan Kristiani Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia Christian Movement); formerly named KIRA (<i>Kristen Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia Christians).</li> <li>GEMA SADHANA (<i>Gerakan Masyarakat Sanathana Dharma Nusantara</i>, Sanathana Dharma Nusantara Society Movement); for Hindus and Buddhists.</li> <li>PETIR (<i>Persatuan Tionghoa Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia Chinese Association)</li> <li>SATRIA (<i>Satuan Relawan Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia Volunteer Unit)</li> <li>SEGARA (<i>Sentral Gerakan Buruh Indonesia Raya,</i> Great Indonesia Labor Movement Center; for labour movements)</li> <li>KESIRA (<i>Kesehatan Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia Health; for health workers)</li> <li>BGM (<i>Barisan Garuda Muda</i>, Young Garuda Front)</li> <li>GMI (<i>Garuda Muda Indonesia</i>, Indonesia Young Garudas)</li> <li>Jari Raya (<i>Jaringan Rakyat Indonesia Raya</i>, Great Indonesia People's Network)</li></ul> <h2 id="election-results">Election results</h2> <h3>Legislative election results</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Election</th><th>Ballot number</th><th>Total seats won</th><th>Total votes</th><th>Share of votes</th><th>Seat change</th><th>Outcome of election</th><th>Party leader</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/2009_Indonesian_legislative_election/4sYBjh4A">2009</a></th><th>5</th><td>26 / 560</td><td>4,642,795</td><td>4.46%<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td>26 seats</td><td>Opposition</td><td><a href="/facts/Prabowo_Subianto/U2leLFAX">Prabowo Subianto</a> (Founding board chair)Suhardi (General chair)</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/2014_Indonesian_legislative_election/3ajzz0l6">2014</a></th><th>6</th><td>73 / 560</td><td>14,760,371</td><td>11.81%<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td>47 seats</td><td>Opposition</td><td>Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair)Suhardi (General chair)</td></tr><tr><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/2019_Indonesian_general_election/EeLcRWgl">2019</a></th><th rowspan="2">2</th><td rowspan="2">78 / 575</td><td rowspan="2">17,594,839</td><td rowspan="2">12.57%<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td rowspan="2">5 seats</td><td>Opposition (2019)</td><td rowspan="2">Prabowo Subianto</td></tr><tr><td>Governing coalition (2019–2024)</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/2024_Indonesian_general_election/1fK59Box">2024</a></th><th>2</th><td>86 / 580</td><td>20,071,345</td><td>13.22%</td><td>8 seats</td><td>Governing coalition</td><td>Prabowo Subianto</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Presidential election results</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Election</th><th>Ballot number</th><th>Pres. candidate</th><th>Running mate</th><th>1st round(Total votes)</th><th>Share of votes</th><th>Outcome</th><th>2nd round(Total votes)</th><th>Share of votes</th><th>Outcome</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/2009_Indonesian_presidential_election/dVEJx7eB">2009</a></th><th>1</th><td><a href="/facts/Megawati_Sukarnoputri/b81DpXv7">Megawati Sukarnoputri</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Prabowo_Subianto/U2leLFAX">Prabowo Subianto</a></td><td>32,548,105</td><td>26.79%</td><td>Lost</td><td rowspan="4" colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/2014_Indonesian_presidential_election/v37va543">2014</a></th><th>1</th><td><a href="/facts/Prabowo_Subianto/U2leLFAX">Prabowo Subianto</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Hatta_Rajasa/YhlvoYFg">Hatta Rajasa</a></td><td>62,576,444</td><td>46.85%</td><td>Lost</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/2019_Indonesian_general_election/EeLcRWgl">2019</a></th><th>2</th><td><a href="/facts/Prabowo_Subianto/U2leLFAX">Prabowo Subianto</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sandiaga_Uno/cFUdwLkp">Sandiaga Uno</a></td><td>68,650,239</td><td>44.50%</td><td>Lost</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/2024_Indonesian_presidential_election/KGqVQw3G">2024</a></th><th>2</th><td><a href="/facts/Prabowo_Subianto/U2leLFAX">Prabowo Subianto</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Gibran_Rakabuming_Raka/GyodIqVu">Gibran Rakabuming Raka</a></td><td>96,214,691</td><td>58.59%</td><td>Elected</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Note: Bold text indicates the party member</i> </p> <h3>Sources</h3> <ul><li>Bourchier, David (2015). <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203379721/illiberal-democracy-indonesia-david-bourchier"><i>Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia</i></a>. Politics in Asia. <a href="/facts/Routledge/aSwcES11">Routledge</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203379721">10.4324/9780203379721</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-138-23672-1.</li> <li>Bulkin, Nadia (24 October 2013). <a href="https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2013/10/indonesias-political-parties?lang=en">"Indonesia's Political Parties"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace/LwJPhLCj">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a></i>. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814010312/https://carnegieendowment.org/2013/10/24/indonesia-s-political-parties-pub-53414">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2019.</li> <li>Heiduk, Felix (9 September 2014). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230712101212/https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/183386">"Reformasi Reloaded? Implications of Indonesia's 2014 Elections"</a>. <i>Center for Security Studies</i>. Archived from <a href="https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/183386">the original</a> on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</li> <li>Kuswandi (13 February 2019). <a href="https://www.jawapos.com/politik/01206529/andre-rosiade-sebut-gerindra-partai-nasional-religius">"Andre Rosiade Sebut Gerindra Partai Nasional Religius"</a> [Andre Rosiade describes Gerindra as a nationalist-religious party]. <i><a href="/facts/Jawa_Pos/5vvsHPag">Jawa Pos</a></i> (in Indonesian). Retrieved 13 January 2024.</li> <li>Kwok, Yenni (11 February 2017). <a href="https://time.com/4671464/indonesia-elections-islam-jakarta-ahok-democracy/">"Voters Are Going to the Polls in an Election Seen as a Barometer of Indonesian Secularism"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Time_(magazine)/N4FXc99l">Time</a></i>. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521051703/http://time.com/4671464/indonesia-elections-islam-jakarta-ahok-democracy/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2023.</li> <li>Lee, Christian; Paath, Carlos K. Y. (31 May 2019). <a href="https://jakartaglobe.id/context/how-different-are-political-parties-in-indonesia-from-one-another">"How Different Are Political Parties in Indonesia From One Another?"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Jakarta_Globe/62vxq8UI">Jakarta Globe</a></i>. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</li> <li>Meakem, Allison (2 January 2024). <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/02/indonesia-elections-president-jokowi-economics-prabowo-pdip/">"A New Dynasty Rises in Jokowi's Indonesia"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Foreign_Policy/s74b9Fh9">Foreign Policy</a></i>. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</li> <li>Power, Tom (22 May 2014). <a href="https://www.newmandala.org/is-there-an-ideological-cleavage-in-2014/">"Is there an ideological cleavage in 2014?"</a>. <i>New Mandala</i>. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</li> <li>Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad (December 2016). <a href="https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/pandecta/article/view/9276">"Kewajiban Partai Politik Berideologi Pancasila Ditinjau dari Prinsip-Prinsip Negara Hukum Indonesia"</a> [The obligation of political parties to embrace the ideology of Pancasila: examined from the principles of the rule of law in Indonesia]. <i>Pandecta Research Law Journal</i> (in Indonesian). 11 (2). <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15294%2Fpandecta.v11i2.9276">10.15294/pandecta.v11i2.9276</a> (inactive 2 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)</li> <li>Santoso, Aboeprijadi (29 November 2009). <a href="https://www.insideindonesia.org/archive/articles/gerindra-and-greater-indonesia">"Gerindra and 'Greater Indonesia'"</a>. <i>Inside Indonesia</i>. Retrieved 29 November 2023.</li> <li>Yenni (25 June 2014). <a href="https://time.com/2920281/indonesia-ahmad-dhani-prabowo-subianto-nazi-fascist/">"This Indonesian Nazi Video Is One of the Worst Pieces of Political Campaigning Ever"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Prabowo said that Indonesia needed "a benign authoritarian regime"</li> <li>Soeriaatmadja, Wahyudi (28 November 2023). <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jokowi-leaning-towards-endorsing-populist-party-chairman-for-indonesia-president-analysts">"Jokowi leaning towards endorsing populist party chairman for Indonesia president: Analysts"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/The_Straits_Times/Wm8qdjPf">The Straits Times</a></i>. Retrieved 22 February 2024.</li> <li>Yilmaz, Ihsan; Shukri, Syaza (2023). <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003160014-13/islam-populism-asia-pacific-ihsan-yilmaz-syaza-shukri?context=ubx&refId=dbdf08c1-6d46-4044-958c-35a520c303fb">"Islam and populism in the Asia Pacific"</a>. In Subedi, D. B.; Brasted, Howard; von Strokirch, Karin; Scott, Alan (eds.). <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003160014/routledge-handbook-populism-asia-pacific-subedi-alan-scott-howard-brasted-karin-von-strokirch"><i>The Routledge Handbook of Populism in Asia Pacific</i></a>. Indo-Pacific in Context. Routledge. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003160014-13">10.4324/9781003160014-13</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-003-16001-4.</li> <li>Tomsa, Dirk (5 July 2009). <a href="https://www.insideindonesia.org/editions/edition-9710/the-eagle-has-crash-landed">"The eagle has crash-landed"</a>. <i>Inside Indonesia</i>. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</li> <li>van Klinken, Gerry (2009). <a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230102095_8">"Patronage Democracy in Provincial Indonesia"</a>. In Törnquist, Olle; Webster, Neil; Stokke, Kristian (eds.). <a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230102095"><i>Rethinking Popular Representation</i></a>. Governance, Security and Development (GSD). <a href="/facts/Palgrave_Macmillan/RsEUnRce">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 141–159. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230102095_8">10.1057/9780230102095_8</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-230-10209-5.</li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Great Indonesia Movement Party. <ul><li><a href="https://gerindra.id">Official website</a> (in Indonesian)</li> <li>Gerindra (2020). <a href="https://gerindra.id/aanggaran-dasar-anggaran-rumah-tangga/">"Anggaran Dasar & Anggaran Rumah Tangga (AD/ART)"</a> [Articles of Association]. <i><a href="/facts/Great_Indonesia_Movement_Party/DhxrvJCm">Great Indonesia Movement Party</a></i> (in Indonesian).</li> <li>Gerindra (2022). <a href="https://gerindra.id/manifesto-perjuangan-partai-gerindra/">"Manifesto Perjuangan Partai Gerindra"</a> [Gerindra Party's Political Manifesto]. <i>Great Indonesia Movement Party</i> (in Indonesian).</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Prabowo nominated as presidential candidate by Gerindra Party". Jakarta Post. 14 July 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215422/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/07/14/prabowo-nominated-presidential-candidate-gerindra-party.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215422/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/07/14/prabowo-nominated-presidential-candidate-gerindra-party.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Demopoulos, Katherine (31 March 2009). "Indonesia's dark-horse candidate". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090401211506/http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/KC31Ae01.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090401211506/http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/KC31Ae01.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"KPU Ubah Perolehan Kursi Parpol di DPR (KPU Changes Allocations of Parties' seats in the DPR)". Indonesian General Election Commission (in Indonesian). 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080451/http://mediacenter.kpu.go.id/berita/472-kpu-rubah-perolehan-kursi-parpol-di-dpr.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080451/http://mediacenter.kpu.go.id/berita/472-kpu-rubah-perolehan-kursi-parpol-di-dpr.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"PBR Gabung ke Gerindra" [PBR merged into Gerindra]. Detik (in Indonesian). 18 February 2011. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2020. <a href="https://news.detik.com/berita/d-1573744/pbr-gabung-ke-gerindra" target="_blank">https://news.detik.com/berita/d-1573744/pbr-gabung-ke-gerindra</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"KPU Successfully Set and Authorize Pileg Results On Time". indonesiaelectionportal.org. 10 May 2014. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023032431/http://indonesiaelectionportal.org/eng/read/5756/KPU-Successfully-Set-and-Authorize-Pileg-Results-On-Time" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161023032431/http://indonesiaelectionportal.org/eng/read/5756/KPU-Successfully-Set-and-Authorize-Pileg-Results-On-Time</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Rafie, Barratut Taqiyyah, ed. (21 September 2014). "Prabowo replaces Suhardi as Gerindra chairman". Kontan.co.id. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020. <a href="https://english.kontan.co.id/news/prabowo-replaces-suhardi-as-gerindra-chairman?" target="_blank">https://english.kontan.co.id/news/prabowo-replaces-suhardi-as-gerindra-chairman?</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Saifulloh 2016, pp. 178: "Akan tetapi, dalam Undang-Undang No.2 Tahun 2008 Tentang Partai Politik kembali dipertegas bahwa asas dan ciri partai politik merupakan penjabaran dari Pancasila dan UUD 1945." Translation: In Law No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties, it is emphasized that the principles and characteristics of political parties derive from Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. - Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad (December 2016). "Kewajiban Partai Politik Berideologi Pancasila Ditinjau dari Prinsip-Prinsip Negara Hukum Indonesia" [The obligation of political parties to embrace the ideology of Pancasila: examined from the principles of the rule of law in Indonesia]. Pandecta Research Law Journal (in Indonesian). 11 (2). doi:10.15294/pandecta.v11i2.9276 (inactive 2 November 2024). <a href="https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/pandecta/article/view/9276" target="_blank">https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/pandecta/article/view/9276</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Gerindra 2020, p. 13 - Gerindra (2020). "Anggaran Dasar & Anggaran Rumah Tangga (AD/ART)" [Articles of Association]. Great Indonesia Movement Party (in Indonesian). <a href="https://gerindra.id/aanggaran-dasar-anggaran-rumah-tangga/" target="_blank">https://gerindra.id/aanggaran-dasar-anggaran-rumah-tangga/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Kuswandi 2019: "Kalau Gerindra ini partai nasionalis-religius..." Translation: Gerindra is a nationalist-religious party... - Kuswandi (13 February 2019). "Andre Rosiade Sebut Gerindra Partai Nasional Religius" [Andre Rosiade describes Gerindra as a nationalist-religious party]. Jawa Pos (in Indonesian). Retrieved 13 January 2024. <a href="https://www.jawapos.com/politik/01206529/andre-rosiade-sebut-gerindra-partai-nasional-religius" target="_blank">https://www.jawapos.com/politik/01206529/andre-rosiade-sebut-gerindra-partai-nasional-religius</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Lee & Paath 2019: "So-called nationalist parties such as the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Prabowo Subianto's political machine the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra)..." - Lee, Christian; Paath, Carlos K. Y. (31 May 2019). "How Different Are Political Parties in Indonesia From One Another?". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 16 December 2023. <a href="https://jakartaglobe.id/context/how-different-are-political-parties-in-indonesia-from-one-another" target="_blank">https://jakartaglobe.id/context/how-different-are-political-parties-in-indonesia-from-one-another</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Bulkin 2013: "It is a secular party whose chief ideology appears to be fierce nationalism and defense of the unitary state." - Bulkin, Nadia (24 October 2013). "Indonesia's Political Parties". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2019. <a href="https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2013/10/indonesias-political-parties?lang=en" target="_blank">https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2013/10/indonesias-political-parties?lang=en</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Heiduk 2014: "Prabowo's coalition consisted of his own ultra-nationalist Gerindra..." - Heiduk, Felix (9 September 2014). "Reformasi Reloaded? Implications of Indonesia's 2014 Elections". Center for Security Studies. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230712101212/https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/183386" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20230712101212/https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/183386</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Bourchier 2015, p. 259: "Gerindra, Greater Indonesia Movement Party; a militant nationalist party formed in 2008." - Bourchier, David (2015). Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia. Politics in Asia. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203379721. ISBN 978-1-138-23672-1. <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203379721/illiberal-democracy-indonesia-david-bourchier" target="_blank">https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203379721/illiberal-democracy-indonesia-david-bourchier</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Power 2014: Gerindra is listed as "Inclusivist-Nationalist (Centrist)" in the table."Coupled with Prabowo's willingness to adopt a more 'Islamic' tone in his campaign, it seems there is sufficient evidence to doubt Gerindra's commitment to a 'secular' agenda. For these reasons, Gerindra cannot be included in the 'secular-nationalist' camp." - Power, Tom (22 May 2014). "Is there an ideological cleavage in 2014?". New Mandala. Retrieved 10 November 2023. <a href="https://www.newmandala.org/is-there-an-ideological-cleavage-in-2014/" target="_blank">https://www.newmandala.org/is-there-an-ideological-cleavage-in-2014/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Kwok 2017: "...while Anies is backed by the right-wing Gerindra Party of Prabowo Subianto..." - Kwok, Yenni (11 February 2017). "Voters Are Going to the Polls in an Election Seen as a Barometer of Indonesian Secularism". Time. Archived from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2023. <a href="https://time.com/4671464/indonesia-elections-islam-jakarta-ahok-democracy/" target="_blank">https://time.com/4671464/indonesia-elections-islam-jakarta-ahok-democracy/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Meakem 2024: "Prabowo, who previously lost the presidency to Jokowi, belongs to the right-wing Gerindra Party and was a military officer under Suharto." - Meakem, Allison (2 January 2024). "A New Dynasty Rises in Jokowi's Indonesia". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 7 January 2024. <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/02/indonesia-elections-president-jokowi-economics-prabowo-pdip/" target="_blank">https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/02/indonesia-elections-president-jokowi-economics-prabowo-pdip/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Santoso 2009: "Today, another highly spirited right-wing populist political party has emerged. Its name, Gerindra, Gerakan Indonesia Raya, the Greater Indonesia Movement, signifies its fervour for revitalising the greatness of the nation." - Santoso, Aboeprijadi (29 November 2009). "Gerindra and 'Greater Indonesia'". Inside Indonesia. Retrieved 29 November 2023. <a href="https://www.insideindonesia.org/archive/articles/gerindra-and-greater-indonesia" target="_blank">https://www.insideindonesia.org/archive/articles/gerindra-and-greater-indonesia</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Soeriaatmadja 2023: "This is because Mr Prabowo, 71, chairman of right-wing populist Gerindra Party..." - Soeriaatmadja, Wahyudi (28 November 2023). "Jokowi leaning towards endorsing populist party chairman for Indonesia president: Analysts". The Straits Times. Retrieved 22 February 2024. <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jokowi-leaning-towards-endorsing-populist-party-chairman-for-indonesia-president-analysts" target="_blank">https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jokowi-leaning-towards-endorsing-populist-party-chairman-for-indonesia-president-analysts</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>van Klinken 2009, p. 157: "...although thus far without producing programmatic platforms beyond the vague right wing populism of the PDI-P (of former president Megawati Soekarnoputri) or of Gerindra (of retired Lieutenant-General Prabowo Subianto)." - van Klinken, Gerry (2009). "Patronage Democracy in Provincial Indonesia". In Törnquist, Olle; Webster, Neil; Stokke, Kristian (eds.). Rethinking Popular Representation. Governance, Security and Development (GSD). Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141–159. doi:10.1057/9780230102095_8. ISBN 978-0-230-10209-5. <a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230102095_8" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230102095_8</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Yilmaz & Shukri 2023, p. 143: "Subianto, a former general of the army and former son-in-law of Suharto, left his Golkar Party to form the Gerindra, a right-wing populist party." - Yilmaz, Ihsan; Shukri, Syaza (2023). "Islam and populism in the Asia Pacific". In Subedi, D. B.; Brasted, Howard; von Strokirch, Karin; Scott, Alan (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Populism in Asia Pacific. Indo-Pacific in Context. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003160014-13. ISBN 978-1-003-16001-4. <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003160014-13/islam-populism-asia-pacific-ihsan-yilmaz-syaza-shukri?context=ubx&refId=dbdf08c1-6d46-4044-958c-35a520c303fb" target="_blank">https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003160014-13/islam-populism-asia-pacific-ihsan-yilmaz-syaza-shukri?context=ubx&refId=dbdf08c1-6d46-4044-958c-35a520c303fb</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Gerindra 2022, pp. 11–14 - Gerindra (2022). "Manifesto Perjuangan Partai Gerindra" [Gerindra Party's Political Manifesto]. Great Indonesia Movement Party (in Indonesian). <a href="https://gerindra.id/manifesto-perjuangan-partai-gerindra/" target="_blank">https://gerindra.id/manifesto-perjuangan-partai-gerindra/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"Understanding Prabowo's Mindset and Economic Concept". The Prakarsa. 3 September 2024. <a href="https://theprakarsa.org/en/memahami-alam-pikir-dan-konsep-ekonomi-prabowo/" target="_blank">https://theprakarsa.org/en/memahami-alam-pikir-dan-konsep-ekonomi-prabowo/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Prabowo's Style of Capitalism". Tempo English. 17 February 2025. <a href="https://magz.tempo.co/read/opinion/42800/prabowos-state-capitalism" target="_blank">https://magz.tempo.co/read/opinion/42800/prabowos-state-capitalism</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"The Shifting Fortune: Prabowo's Push for Indonesian Local Capitalist Class". Synergy Journal. 10 April 2025. <a href="https://utsynergyjournal.org/2025/04/10/the-shifting-fortune-prabowos-push-for-indonesian-local-capitalist-class/" target="_blank">https://utsynergyjournal.org/2025/04/10/the-shifting-fortune-prabowos-push-for-indonesian-local-capitalist-class/</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"The grip of military capitalism on state-owned enterprises in Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. 20 May 2025. <a href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2025/05/20/the-grip-of-military-capitalism-on-state-owned-enterprises-in-indonesia.html" target="_blank">https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2025/05/20/the-grip-of-military-capitalism-on-state-owned-enterprises-in-indonesia.html</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Gerindra 2022, pp. 14–20 - Gerindra (2022). "Manifesto Perjuangan Partai Gerindra" [Gerindra Party's Political Manifesto]. Great Indonesia Movement Party (in Indonesian). <a href="https://gerindra.id/manifesto-perjuangan-partai-gerindra/" target="_blank">https://gerindra.id/manifesto-perjuangan-partai-gerindra/</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Saiful Mujani; R. William Liddle; Kuskridho Ambardi (26 February 2018). Voting Behaviour in Indonesia since Democratization: Critical Democrats. Cambridge University Press. pp. 107–. ISBN 978-1-108-42179-9. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020. <a href="978-1-108-42179-9" target="_blank">978-1-108-42179-9</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"What is Prabowo's economic vision for Indonesia? Exploring his capitalist, socialist 'mix'". South China Morning Post. 19 October 2024. <a href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3282987/what-prabowos-economic-vision-indonesia-exploring-his-capitalist-socialist-mix" target="_blank">https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3282987/what-prabowos-economic-vision-indonesia-exploring-his-capitalist-socialist-mix</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>"Prabowo: Neo-liberal Capitalism Doesn't Bring Prosperity". Independent Observer. 9 November 2023. <a href="https://observerid.com/prabowo-neo-liberal-capitalism-doesnt-bring-prosperity/" target="_blank">https://observerid.com/prabowo-neo-liberal-capitalism-doesnt-bring-prosperity/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>"Prabowo: Neo-liberal Capitalism Doesn't Bring Prosperity". Independent Observer. 9 November 2023. <a href="https://observerid.com/" target="_blank">https://observerid.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Indonesia's Prabowo slams West for double standards, lack of moral leadership: 'we don't really need Europe'". SCMP. 14 November 2023. 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