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<h2 id="interface-design-issues">Interface design issues</h2> <h3>Usage intensity</h3> <p><a href="/facts/User_testing/prsYgc00">User testing</a> for software often focuses on awe or regular users.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> Power users can require different user interface elements compared to regular and minimal users, as they may need less help and fewer cues. A power user might use a program full-time, compared to a casual or occasional user. Thus a program which caters to power users will typically include features that make the interface easier for experts to use, even if these features might be mystifying to beginners. </p> <h3>Shortcuts</h3> <p>A typical example is extensive keybindings, like Ctrl+F or Alt+Enter; having keyboard bindings and <a href="/facts/Keyboard_shortcut/mjeb82kI">shortcuts</a> for many functions is a hallmark of power-user centric software design, as it enables users who put forth more effort to learn the shortcuts to operate the program quickly without removing their hands from the keyboard. </p><p>Power users typically want to operate the software with little interaction, or as fast as possible, and be able to perform tasks in a precise, exactly-reproducible way, whereas casual users may be happy if the program can be intuitively made to do <i>approximately</i> what they wanted. To aid in the automation of repetitive tasks during heavy usage, power-user centric interfaces often provide the ability to compose <a href="/facts/Macro_(computer_science)/7abAsm1o">macros</a>, and program functions may be pre-conceived to with the intention that they will be used programmatically in <a href="/facts/Scripting_language/8pF4ajBL">scripting</a>. </p> <h3>Power users vs. minimalists</h3> <p>Interface design may have to make trade-offs between confusing beginners and <a href="/facts/Minimalist/BMNlancL">minimalists</a> versus the elaborate needs of experts and power users. These concerns may overlap partially with the <a href="/facts/Blinking_twelve_problem/7jDxWXn1">blinking twelve problem</a>, in which a complex user interface causes users to avoid certain features. It may be extremely difficult to both appeal to new users, who want user interfaces to be intuitive, and experts, who want power and flexibility. </p><p>However, there are <a href="/facts/Feature_creep/ke9rIVpE">solutions</a> for these problems, such as: </p> <ul><li>Product variations</li> <li>Operation modes</li> <li>More advanced features, options and settings logically separated in sub-menus.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Keyboard_shortcut/mjeb82kI">Keyboard Shortcuts</a>, to hide complex functionality from a user interface, yet still maintain user potential (if the shortcut is known).</li></ul> <p>Users may also <a href="/facts/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect/buqbtVeF">erroneously label themselves</a> as power users when they are less than fully competent,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> further complicating the requirements of designing software which caters to the desires and needs of those users. </p> <h3>Simplicity vs. efficiency</h3> <p>A simple intuitive interface often increases the <i>technical</i> complexity of a program and impedes its efficient use, while a well-designed but complex-<i>seeming</i> interface may increase efficiency by making many advanced features quickly accessible to experts. For example, a program with many advanced <a href="/facts/Keyboard_shortcut/mjeb82kI">keyboard shortcuts</a> may <i>seem</i> to be needlessly complex, but experienced power users may find it easier and quicker to avoid long sequences of mouse clicks to navigate menus and popups. Such menus and popups may exist to <i>intuitively</i> guide new users along a desired course of action, but they are often overly-simplistic by design so that novices might easily grasp the required steps. Providing both interfaces simultaneously is an <a href="/facts/Feature_creep/ke9rIVpE">option</a> but requires greatly extended development time, so trade-offs are often made. </p> <h2 id="officialized-roles">Officialized roles</h2> <h3>SAP and Oracle</h3> <p><a href="/facts/SAP_ERP/us44na5G">SAP</a> and <a href="/facts/Oracle_Database/FHv5g732">Oracle</a> are <a href="/facts/Enterprise_systems/RGa1b0bC">enterprise systems</a> that require a complex set of training to gain <a href="/facts/Professional_certification/KTs3hEoF">professional certification</a>. Because of this, and also to encourage engagement with the systems, many companies have created a "Super User Model" (also called Power User, Champion) to take regular users and raise them to a level of leadership within the system. Doing this accomplishes three objectives:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <ol><li>More engaged use of the system as there is a personal face assigned to champion the system and make acceptance of the technology less challenging.</li> <li>A significant time and cost reduction as companies are not seeking or hiring new or temporary resources for the purposes of developing and/or delivering documentation, training, and support.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Return_on_Investment/M8qYt4Yf">ROI</a> or proof of concept of the SAP investment should be more easily achieved as users are directly involved, thereby using the system invested in, which benefits the company overall.</li></ol> <p>Extensive research has been done with the Super User Model in SAP, specifically in regard to the role they take in training and supporting end users. Currently, more than 70% of SAP companies utilize a form of the Super User Model. </p> <h3>Windows administration</h3> <p>In <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> <a href="/facts/Windows_2000/amJIt9gz">Windows 2000</a>, <a href="/facts/Windows_XP/IozrkAYS">Windows XP</a> Professional, and <a href="/facts/Windows_Server_2003/3vIJam5L">Windows Server 2003</a>, there is a "Power Users" group on the system that gives more permissions than a normal restricted user, but stops short of <a href="/facts/Superuser/0Brr6ol7">Administrator</a> permissions. If a user is a member of the Power Users group, they have a greater chance of exposing the system to malware over a normal user and can <a href="/facts/Privilege_escalation/STzSAaf5">promote</a> their account to an Administrator by purposely installing malware.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Thus, the Power Users group should be used with trustworthy and knowledgeable users only; it is not suitable to contain untrustworthy users. The Power Users group was made obsolete in <a href="/facts/Windows_Vista/IASEUCTB">Windows Vista</a> as part of the consolidation of privilege elevation features in the introduction of <a href="/facts/User_Account_Control/BjUhEq9u">User Account Control</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> In Windows Vista Business l or higher, you can still create a "power user" via local users and groups, but there is no difference from a standard user because all the ACL entries of the file system are completely removed. </p> <h2 id="software">Software</h2> <p>Software that power users may employ to optimize their workflows include the following: </p> <h3>Windows</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_PowerToys/cfJJW5CK">Microsoft PowerToys</a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Luser/wlDz2xCm">Luser</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Superuser/0Brr6ol7">Superuser</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Prosumer/tIHXyay1">Prosumer</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Look up <i>power user</i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. <ul><li><a href="http://www.wellesley.edu/Computing/WinXP/wxpgroups.html">Comparison of permissions of power users, administrators and other user groups in Windows active directory</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Warren, Christina (14 March 2014). "Apple's New Mac Pro Review: The Most Powerful Mac Ever". Mashable. Archived from the original on Mar 17, 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317011737/https://mashable.com/2014/03/14/mac-pro-review/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200317011737/https://mashable.com/2014/03/14/mac-pro-review/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Gibbs, Samuel (22 October 2013). "Mac Pro tower for power users redesigned and relaunched". TheGuardian.com. Archived from the original on Oct 7, 2023. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/22/mac-pro-redesigned-apple" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/22/mac-pro-redesigned-apple</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Reisinger, Don (2013-06-18). "Mac Pro Competitors: 10 High-End Models Vying for Power Users' Favor". eWEEK. Archived from the original on 2 Mar 2024. <a href="http://www.eweek.com/pc-hardware/slideshows/mac-pro-competitors-10-high-end-models-vying-for-power-users-favor" target="_blank">http://www.eweek.com/pc-hardware/slideshows/mac-pro-competitors-10-high-end-models-vying-for-power-users-favor</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Evans, Jonny (2010-12-02). "Become a Mac OS X power user the easy way". Computerworld. Archived from the original on Oct 22, 2018. <a href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2469864/windows-pcs/become-a-mac-os-x-power-user-the-easy-way.html" target="_blank">http://www.computerworld.com/article/2469864/windows-pcs/become-a-mac-os-x-power-user-the-easy-way.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Dashevsky, Evan (August 20, 2016). "22 Hidden Facebook Features Only Power Users Know". PCMag. Archived from the original on Jan 10, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110235625/http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow/story/324797/12-hidden-facebook-features-only-power-users-know" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170110235625/http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow/story/324797/12-hidden-facebook-features-only-power-users-know</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Power Users' Guide". SAP Help Portal. Archived from the original on Jun 27, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-14. <a href="https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70ehp2/helpdata/en/1e/013f420e09b26be10000000a155106/frameset.htm" target="_blank">https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70ehp2/helpdata/en/1e/013f420e09b26be10000000a155106/frameset.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Power Users' Guide". SAP Help Portal. Archived from the original on Jun 27, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-14. <a href="https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70ehp2/helpdata/en/1e/013f420e09b26be10000000a155106/frameset.htm" target="_blank">https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70ehp2/helpdata/en/1e/013f420e09b26be10000000a155106/frameset.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Chen, Raymond (Feb 2012). "Windows Confidential: Power to the Power User". TechNet Magazine. Microsoft. Archived from the original on Apr 4, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-14. <a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/hh824683.aspx" target="_blank">https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/hh824683.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Scott, Gilbertson (2015-03-06). "Hands-on with Vivaldi, the new Web browser for power users". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2023. <a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/hands-on-with-vivaldi-the-new-web-browser-for-power-users/" target="_blank">https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/hands-on-with-vivaldi-the-new-web-browser-for-power-users/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Chacos, Brad (Oct 10, 2012). "How to master VLC, the ultimate Windows media player for power users". PCWorld. Retrieved 2018-10-21. <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2011013/how-to-master-vlc-the-ultimate-windows-media-player-for-power-users.html" target="_blank">http://www.pcworld.com/article/2011013/how-to-master-vlc-the-ultimate-windows-media-player-for-power-users.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Karn, Keith S., Thomas J. Perry, Marc J. Krolczyk (October 1997). "Testing for Power Usability". SIGCHI Bulletin. 29 (4). SIGCHI of the Association for Computing Machinery: 63–67. doi:10.1145/270950.270986. S2CID 46840355. Retrieved 2015-10-29.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="http://homepages.cwi.nl/~steven/sigchi/bulletin/1997.4/karn.html" target="_blank">http://homepages.cwi.nl/~steven/sigchi/bulletin/1997.4/karn.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>In one 1997 study involving design testing of a web application, self-identified power users refused to read any instructions, made wrong guesses, and repeatedly became so lost they could not complete the test. Bruce Tognazzini. "Maximizing Windows". - 1997 date taken from the fact that the study and design (in the link) were all completed three days before the release of Netscape 4.0, an event which occurred in June of 1997. <a href="/wiki/Web_application" target="_blank">/wiki/Web_application</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Power Users' Guide". SAP Help Portal. Archived from the original on Jun 27, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-14. <a href="https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70ehp2/helpdata/en/1e/013f420e09b26be10000000a155106/frameset.htm" target="_blank">https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70ehp2/helpdata/en/1e/013f420e09b26be10000000a155106/frameset.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Chen, Raymond (Feb 2012). "Windows Confidential: Power to the Power User". TechNet Magazine. Microsoft. Archived from the original on Apr 4, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-14. <a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/hh824683.aspx" target="_blank">https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/hh824683.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"A member of the Power Users group may be able to gain administrator rights and permissions in Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, or Windows XP". Microsoft Knowledgebase. Microsoft Corporation. 27 February 2006. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615101956/http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;825069" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060615101956/http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;825069</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"What happened to the Power Users group?". Windows Help and How-to. Microsoft Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 July 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708161244/http://windowshelp.microsoft.com/Windows/en-US/Help/34cdee3d-cfe2-4481-80b2-45efb7c09a521033.mspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070708161244/http://windowshelp.microsoft.com/Windows/en-US/Help/34cdee3d-cfe2-4481-80b2-45efb7c09a521033.mspx</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>