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Packaging engineering
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<h2 id="education">Education</h2> <p>Some <a href="/facts/Packaging/QGRXJLjq">packaging</a> engineers have backgrounds in other <a href="/facts/Science/IJoaD7rs">science</a>, <a href="/facts/Engineering/RFVg8H3I">engineering</a>, or <a href="/facts/Design/kR4GNeja">design</a> disciplines while some have college degrees specializing in this field.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>Formal packaging programs might be listed as package engineering, packaging science, packaging technology, etc. BE, BS, MS, M.Tech and PhD programs are available. Students in a packaging program typically begin with generalized science, business, and engineering classes before progressing into industry-specific topics such as <a href="/facts/Shelf_life/dW7zBt64">shelf life</a> stability, <a href="/facts/Corrugated_box_design/HYo8eFqJ">corrugated box design</a>, <a href="/facts/Cushioning/mzLNpXmr">cushioning</a>, <a href="/facts/Engineering_design/heCF3wFo">engineering design</a>, labeling regulations, <a href="/facts/Project_management/JgQVSU3o">project management</a>, <a href="/facts/Food_safety/8lWIyLYE">food safety</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Robotics/wkmvodJz">robotics</a>, <a href="/facts/RFID/4CnmIV2b">RFID</a> tags, <a href="/facts/Quality_management/9TtKGhEz">quality management</a>, <a href="/facts/Package_testing/rFmuGXLn">package testing</a>, packaging machinery,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Tamper-evident/VICY21Pt">tamper-evident</a> methods,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Recycling/x9X7GAzz">recycling</a>, <a href="/facts/Computer-aided_design/5gSXrmmN">computer-aided design</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> etc. </p> <h2 id="ai">AI</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence/lJGauQwX">Artificial intelligence</a> is becoming useful in several aspects of packaging development. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Packaging engineers are using AI systems in their operations; AI can also design novel packages. For example, the <a href="/facts/DABUS/57VxdeRJ">DABUS</a> system designed containers for food and beverages with fractal patterns for gripping and for optical impact. Patent law is developing in this area. A World Patent has been issued with the inventor listed as DABUS <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> but several jurisdictions indicate that a living person must be the inventor. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Packaging/QGRXJLjq">Packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Packing_problems/nQtnMb6Y">Packing problems</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Queueing_theory/8NDl56EM">Queueing theory</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Engineering_economics/n9QtEjF9">Engineering economics</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Manufacturing_engineering/3IF4Vpq0">Manufacturing engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cutting_stock_problem/aGw6fSEd">Cutting stock problem</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bin_packing_problem/T67Qe934">Bin packing problem</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-470-08704-6</li> <li>Hanlon, Kelsey, and Forcinio, "Handbook of Package Engineering", CRC Press, 1998</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Johnson, C (1995). "In-House Testing of Computer Packaging". In Fiedler, R M (ed.). Distribution Packaging Technology. IoPP. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Merali, Zeeya (17 June 2011), "Origami Engineer Flexes to Create Stronger, More Agile Materials", Science, 332 (6036): 1376–1377, Bibcode:2011Sci...332.1376M, doi:10.1126/science.332.6036.1376, PMID 21680824 <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Packaging Directory-Packaging Schools". Packaging world. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 14 Feb 2015. <a href="http://www.packworld.com/schools" target="_blank">http://www.packworld.com/schools</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Lee, Ki-Eun; Kim, An; Lyu, Lee (November 1998). "Effectiveness of modified atmosphere packaging in preserving a prepared ready-to-eat food". Packaging Technology and Science. 21 (7): 417–423. doi:10.1002/pts.821. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Braglia, Maracello; Frosolini, Montanari (January 2003). "Fuzzy logic controller in a packaging plant". Packaging Technology and Science. 16 (1): 21–35. doi:10.1002/pts.608. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Hicks, A. J.; Medland, Mullineux (September 2001). "A constraint-based approach to the modelling and analysis of packaging machinery". Packaging Technology and Science. 14 (5): 183–225. doi:10.1002/pts.553. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Johnston, R.G. (July 1997). "Effective Vulnerability Assessment of Tamper-Indicating Seals". Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 25 (4): 451–455. doi:10.1520/jte11883j. S2CID 111289045. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Han, Jongkoo; Park (January 2007). "Finite element analysis of vent/hand hole designs for corrugated fibreboard boxes". Packaging Technology and Science. 20 (1): 39–47. doi:10.1002/pts.741. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Zhang, Sheng (2022). "Research on energy-saving packaging design based on artificial intelligence". Energy Reports. 8 (7): 480–489. Bibcode:2022EnRep...8..480Z. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.05.069. Retrieved 2 January 2025. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484722009155" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484722009155</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Esfahanian, Shiva (2024). Implementing Artificial Intelligence in the Evaluation of Packaging Distribution and Label Design Modeling (PhD). Michigan State University. Retrieved 2 January 2024. <a href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/54fe8c37622b006817131887d5c7fb1e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y" target="_blank">https://www.proquest.com/openview/54fe8c37622b006817131887d5c7fb1e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>World WO2020079499, Inventor The invention was autonomously generated by an artificial intelligence DABUS, "Food container and devices and methods for attracting enhanced attention", published 2020 <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2020079499A1/en" target="_blank">https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2020079499A1/en</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Sandys, A (21 December 2023), "UK Supreme Court has final say on Dabus as named inventor", Juve Patent <a href="https://www.juve-patent.com/cases/uk-supreme-court-dabus-named-inventor-patent-stephen-thaler/" target="_blank">https://www.juve-patent.com/cases/uk-supreme-court-dabus-named-inventor-patent-stephen-thaler/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"US patent office rules that artificial intelligence cannot be a legal inventor". www.theverge.com. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2023. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241251/artificial-intelligence-inventor-united-states-patent-trademark-office-intellectual-property" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241251/artificial-intelligence-inventor-united-states-patent-trademark-office-intellectual-property</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>