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Demopolis Chalk
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<h2 id="vertebrate-paleofauna">Vertebrate paleofauna</h2> <h3>Fish</h3> <h4>Cartilaginous fish</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5"><a href="/facts/Cartilaginous_fish/xcW7PJDU">Cartilaginous fish</a> of the Demopolis Chalk Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Presence</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><a href="/facts/Chimaeriformes/gUmgE3Jl">Chimaeriformes</a> indet.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></p></td><td></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></p></td><td></td><td rowspan="99"></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Cretolamna/HnLFCSNR">Cretolamna</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>C. appendiculata</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p></td><td><p>An <a href="/facts/Otodontidae/6bzX7IYD">otodontid</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Ischyrhiza/Y0R7cDRc">Ischyrhiza</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>I. mira</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Sclerorhynchidae/L6rtucn4">sclerorhynchid</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Scapanorhynchus/TCsvoMAp">Scapanorhynchus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>S. texanus</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Mitsukurinidae/2HB1r3aJ">mitsukurinid</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Serratolamna/plyE27e2">Serratolamna</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>S. serrata?</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Lamniformes/VFrPGhlJ">lamniform</a> shark</p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><p><i><a href="/facts/Squalicorax/VXxm9Jwz">Squalicorax</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>S. kaupi</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></p></td><td rowspan="3"><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></p></td><td rowspan="3"><p><a href="/facts/Anacoracidae/RYySFz1U">Anacoracids</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>S. pristodontus</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>S</i>. sp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Bony fish</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5"><a href="/facts/Bony_fish/nXoXEj3a">Bony fish</a> of the Demopolis Chalk Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Presence</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><p><i><a href="/facts/Enchodus/EkrklGnv">Enchodus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>E. ferox</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></p></td><td rowspan="3"><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></p></td><td rowspan="3"><p><a href="/facts/Enchodontidae/Iu38fVPJ">Enchodontids</a></p></td><td rowspan="99"></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>E. gladiolus</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>E. petrosus</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Protosphyraena/Y6a8CUWN">Protosphyraena</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>P</i>. sp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Pachycormiformes/pn5dIjKM">pachycormiform</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Saurodon/271uMoHz">Saurodon</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>S</i>. sp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></p></td><td><p>An <a href="/facts/Ichthyodectiformes/mR1PCnPR">ichthyodectiform</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Stratodus/uCsn6fpY">Stratodus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>S</i>. sp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></p></td><td><p>An <a href="/facts/Aulopiformes/I8DJkDIl">aulopiform</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Xiphactinus/MA2zuApT">Xiphactinus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>X. vetus</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></p></td><td></td><td><p>An <a href="/facts/Ichthyodectidae/mR1PCnPR">ichthyodectid</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Reptiles</h3> <h4>Dinosaurs</h4> <p>Indeterminate hadrosaurid remains have been found in <a href="/facts/Tennessee/A3mLY9bu">Tennessee</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> Possible indeterminate tyrannosaurid remains have been found in <a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5"><a href="/facts/Dinosaur/JRdMqBnq">Dinosaurs</a> of the Demopolis Chalk Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Presence</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Appalachiosaurus/d0erl9wK">Appalachiosaurus</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p></td><td><p><i>A. montgomeriensis</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p></td><td><p>Geographically present in <a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Tyrannosauroid/sIUowTnq">tyrannosauroid</a></p></td><td rowspan="99"></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Crocodylians</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5"><a href="/facts/Crocodylia/G4LbxJs6">Crocodylians</a> of the Demopolis Chalk Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Presence</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Borealosuchus/SQdWUtUL">Borealosuchus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>B</i>. sp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></p></td><td><p>An <a href="/facts/Eusuchia/2D5MTkCG">eusuchian</a></p></td><td rowspan="99"></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Mosasaurs</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5"><a href="/facts/Mosasaurs/73YAcKXd">Mosasaurs</a> of the Demopolis Chalk</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Presence</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Clidastes/NJISfrhP">Clidastes</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>C. propython</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Mosasaurine/DmI1v1rD">mosasaurine</a></p></td><td rowspan="96"></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Halisaurus/ppWzfbA6">Halisaurus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>H</i>. sp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Halisaurinae/LMLs6KbD">halisaurine</a></p></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Mosasaurus/vztK3sG2">Mosasaurus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>M. conodon</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></p></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p></td><td rowspan="2"><p>A <a href="/facts/Mosasaurine/DmI1v1rD">mosasaurine</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>M.</i> cf. <i>missouriensis</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Platecarpus/3oej01Lk">Platecarpus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>P</i>. cf. somenensis<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Mississippi/7KwuWxxT">Mississippi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Plioplatecarpine/EyjTt6E4">plioplatecarpine</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Plioplatecarpus/GzwRqbot">Plioplatecarpus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>P.</i> sp. nov.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/Mississippi/7KwuWxxT">Mississippi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Plioplatecarpine/EyjTt6E4">plioplatecarpine</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Tylosaurus/YN9l1WzS">Tylosaurus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>T</i>. sp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Mississippi/7KwuWxxT">Mississippi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Tylosaurine/Hym865rE">tylosaurine</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Turtles</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5"><a href="/facts/Turtle/X0ImnxYt">Turtles</a> of the Demopolis Chalk</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Presence</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Asmodochelys/NpEbNj2j">Asmodochelys</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>A. parhami</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></p></td><td><p>Geographically present in <a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a> and <a href="/facts/Mississippi/7KwuWxxT">Mississippi</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> </p></td><td><p>A marine <a href="/facts/Ctenochelyidae/agsP9YUS">ctenochelyid</a> turtle</p></td><td rowspan="99"></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Chedighaii/pLNfquhd">Chedighaii</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>C. barberi</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Bothremydidae/4yqG0glR">bothremydid</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Ctenochelys/agsP9YUS">Ctenochelys</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>C</i>. cf. <i>tennuitesta</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Ctenochelyidae/agsP9YUS">ctenochelyid</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Prionochelys/coTSu9m4">Prionochelys</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>P. matutina?</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Ctenochelyidae/agsP9YUS">ctenochelyid</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Protostega/Xxb4bzWq">Protostega</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>P. gigas</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></p></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Protostegidae/t505R5vU">protostegid</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Paleontology portal</li><li>Dinosaurs portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_dinosaur-bearing_rock_formations/G8KXXsw0">List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_fossil_sites/6gYhEPes">List of fossil sites</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Carr, T.D.; Williamson, T.E.; Schwimmer, D.R. (2005). "A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 119–143. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0119:ANGASO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86243316. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Kiernan, Caitlin R. (2002). "Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0091:SDAHSO]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2024-06-12. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254314199" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254314199</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Kiernan, Caitlin R. (2002). "Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0091:SDAHSO]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2024-06-12. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254314199" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254314199</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, North America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 574-588. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Ikejiri, T.; Ebersole, J.A.; Blewitt, H.L.; Ebersole, S.M. (2013). "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama". Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. 31 (1): 46–71. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Ikejiri, T.; Ebersole, J.A.; Blewitt, H.L.; Ebersole, S.M. (2013). "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama". Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. 31 (1): 46–71. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Kiernan, Caitlin R. (2002). "Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0091:SDAHSO]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2024-06-12. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254314199" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254314199</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ikejiri, T.; Ebersole, J.A.; Blewitt, H.L.; Ebersole, S.M. (2013). "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama". Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. 31 (1): 46–71. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Ikejiri, T.; Ebersole, J.A.; Blewitt, H.L.; Ebersole, S.M. (2013). "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama". Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. 31 (1): 46–71. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Kiernan, Caitlin R. (2002). "Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0091:SDAHSO]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2024-06-12. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254314199" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254314199</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Ikejiri, T.; Ebersole, J.A.; Blewitt, H.L.; Ebersole, S.M. (2013). "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama". Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. 31 (1): 46–71. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Ikejiri, T.; Ebersole, J.A.; Blewitt, H.L.; Ebersole, S.M. (2013). "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama". Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. 31 (1): 46–71. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272508435</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Ikejiri, T.; Ebersole, J.A.; Blewitt, H.L.; Ebersole, S.M. (2013). "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama". 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