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Directional freezing
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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Aquamelt/RdtawSXH">Aquamelt</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Clear_ice/LmrDSwc0">Clear ice</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hydrogel/kYMJum9P">Hydrogel</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Freeze-casting/6m3UDlWU">Freeze-casting§Static vs. dynamic freezing profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Molecular_self-assembly/DhU6CEYL">Molecular self-assembly</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Zhang, Haifei; Hussain, Irshad; Brust, Mathias; Butler, Michael F.; Rannard, Steven P.; Cooper, Andrew I. (1 October 2005). <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7580423">"Aligned two- and three-dimensional structures by directional freezing of polymers and nanoparticles"</a>. <i>Nature Materials</i>. 4 (10): 787–793. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005NatMa...4..787Z">2005NatMa...4..787Z</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnmat1487">10.1038/nmat1487</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16184171">16184171</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26987500">26987500</a>.<a href="/facts/Open_access/r7rLYN6C"></a></li> <li>Arav, Amir; Natan, Yehudit (November 2009). <a href="https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0029-1241052">"Directional Freezing: A Solution to the Methodological Challenges to Preserve Large Organs"</a>. <i>Seminars in Reproductive Medicine</i>. 27 (6): 438–442. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1055%2Fs-0029-1241052">10.1055/s-0029-1241052</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19806511">19806511</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9479359">9479359</a>.</li> <li>Munier, Pierre; Gordeyeva, Korneliya; Bergström, Lennart; Fall, Andreas B. (9 May 2016). <a href="https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A936852&dswid=-5657">"Directional Freezing of Nanocellulose Dispersions Aligns the Rod-Like Particles and Produces Low-Density and Robust Particle Networks"</a>. <i>Biomacromolecules</i>. 17 (5): 1875–1881. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.biomac.6b00304">10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00304</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071304">27071304</a>.</li> <li>Bahari, Liat; Bein, Amir; Yashunsky, Victor; Braslavsky, Ido (15 February 2018). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813933">"Directional freezing for the cryopreservation of adherent mammalian cells on a substrate"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. 13 (2): e0192265. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PLoSO..1392265B">2018PLoSO..1392265B</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0192265">10.1371/journal.pone.0192265</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813933">5813933</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29447224">29447224</a>.</li> <li>El Kadi, Khadije; Adeyemi, Idowu; Janajreh, Isam (December 2021). <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916421004100">"Application of directional freezing for seawater desalination: Parametric analysis using experimental and computational methods"</a>. <i>Desalination</i>. 520: 115339. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Desal.52015339E">2021Desal.52015339E</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.desal.2021.115339">10.1016/j.desal.2021.115339</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239073390">239073390</a>.</li> <li>Zhang, Tongxin; Wang, Lilin; Wang, Zhijun; Li, Junjie; Wang, Jincheng (28 January 2021). <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11028">"Single Ice Crystal Growth with Controlled Orientation during Directional Freezing"</a>. <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry B</i>. 125 (3): 970–979. <a href="/facts/ArXiv_(identifier)/H6EtgnBe">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.04183">2012.04183</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jpcb.0c11028">10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11028</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33459018">33459018</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:227737465">227737465</a>.</li> <li>Ortner, Teresa S. (December 2022). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9814660">"Bi-directional freezing affords elastic and durable artificial tooth enamel"</a>. <i>Communications Chemistry</i>. 5 (1): 50. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022CmChe...5...50O">2022CmChe...5...50O</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42004-022-00663-x">10.1038/s42004-022-00663-x</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9814660">9814660</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36697685">36697685</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247924578">247924578</a>.</li> <li>Li, Xiaolong; Ling, Shangwen; Zeng, Li; He, Hanna; Liu, Xingang; Zhang, Chuhong (April 2022). <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aenm.202200233">"Directional Freezing Assisted 3D Printing to Solve a Flexible Battery Dilemma: Ultrahigh Energy/Power Density and Uncompromised Mechanical Compliance"</a>. <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>. 12 (14): 2200233. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022AdEnM..1200233L">2022AdEnM..1200233L</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Faenm.202200233">10.1002/aenm.202200233</a>. <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1614-6832">1614-6832</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247100187">247100187</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"What to Try When Directional Freezing Doesn't Produce Clear Ice". Alcademics. Retrieved 12 October 2022. <a href="https://www.alcademics.com/2018/11/what-to-try-when-directional-freezing-doesnt-produce-clear-ice.html" target="_blank">https://www.alcademics.com/2018/11/what-to-try-when-directional-freezing-doesnt-produce-clear-ice.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"What is Directional Freezing?". Alcademics. Retrieved 12 October 2022. <a href="https://www.alcademics.com/2016/04/what-is-directional-freezing.html" target="_blank">https://www.alcademics.com/2016/04/what-is-directional-freezing.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Making clear ice at home with tap water and directional freezing". LiquorLabs.tv. Retrieved 12 October 2022. <a href="http://liquorlabs.tv/making-clear-ice-at-home-with-tap-water-and-directional-freezing" target="_blank">http://liquorlabs.tv/making-clear-ice-at-home-with-tap-water-and-directional-freezing</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Whittaker, G. Clay (January 11, 2021). "How to Make Clear Ice at Home for Cocktails". Men's Journal. Retrieved 12 October 2022. <a href="https://www.mensjournal.com/food-drink/directional-freezing-method-how-to-make-clear-ice-mens-journal/" target="_blank">https://www.mensjournal.com/food-drink/directional-freezing-method-how-to-make-clear-ice-mens-journal/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Dittrich, Jürgen; Ziegler, Günter (18 January 2017). "Directional freezing EP2877795B1 European Patent Office". Google Patents. Retrieved 13 October 2022. <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2877795B1/en" target="_blank">https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2877795B1/en</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>