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Metacomputing
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<h2 id="uses">Uses</h2> <h3>In computer science</h3> <p>Metacomputing, as a <i>computing of computing</i>, includes: the organization of large computer networks, choice of the design criteria (for example: <a href="/facts/Peer-to-peer/wCCdPb0H">peer-to-peer</a> or centralized solution) and metacomputing software (<a href="/facts/Middleware/HobNosz9">middleware</a>, <a href="/facts/Metaprogramming/ujbjjJTY">metaprogramming</a>) development where, in the specific domains, the concept metacomputing is used as a description of software <a href="/facts/Meta_(prefix)/WQu5Xe1N">meta-layers</a> which are networked platforms for the development of user-oriented calculations, for example for <a href="/facts/Computational_physics/1ltJ109X">computational physics</a> and <a href="/facts/Bio-informatics/D5x2L8ee">bio-informatics</a>. </p><p>Here, serious scientific problems of <a href="/facts/System/hmqQ4ASX">systems</a>/<a href="/facts/Network_(computer_game)/wCWBJp9W">networks</a> <a href="/facts/Complex_system/eGG3B1nn">complexity</a> emerge, not only related to domain-dependent <a href="/facts/Complexity/KjgY905l">complexities</a> but focused on <a href="/facts/Systemics/fngtAHSB">systemic</a> <a href="/facts/Complex_systems/eGG3B1nn">meta-complexity</a> of computer network infrastructures. </p><p>Metacomputing is also a useful descriptor for self-referential programming systems. Often these systems are functional as <a href="/facts/Fifth-generation_programming_language/fUY9LIt8">fifth-generation computer languages</a> which require the use of an underlying metaprocessor software operating system in order to be operative. Typically metacomputing occurs in an interpreted or real-time compiling system since the changing nature of information in processing results may result in an unpredictable compute state throughout the existence of the metacomputer (the information state operated upon by the metacomputing platform). </p> <h3>In socio-cognitive engineering</h3> <p>From the human and social perspectives, metacomputing is especially focused on: human-computer software, cognitive interrelations/interfaces, the possibilities of the development of intelligent computer grids for the cooperation of human organizations, and on <a href="/facts/Ubiquitous_computing/KdH2CFrh">ubiquitous computing</a> technologies. In particular, it relates to the development of software infrastructures for the computational modeling and simulation of <a href="/facts/Cognitive_architecture/6EgYFrx5">cognitive architectures</a> for various <a href="/facts/Decision_support_system/HPeJMlRM">decision support systems</a>. </p> <h3>In systemics and from philosophical perspective</h3> <p>Metacomputing refers to the general problems of <a href="/facts/Computer/SQe1aK05">computationality</a> of human knowledge, to the limits of the transformation of human knowledge and individual thinking to the form of computer programs. These and similar questions are also of interest of <a href="/facts/Mathematical_psychology/BkwE1PM7">mathematical psychology</a>. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Complex_system/eGG3B1nn">Complex system</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Computer/SQe1aK05">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Distributed_computing/o5nyhqTF">Distributed computing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/High-performance_computing/HT9NwGAN">High-performance computing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Meta_(prefix)/WQu5Xe1N">Meta-</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Meta-knowledge/35p0BTms">Meta-knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Meta-mathematics/yeIm8vqC">Meta-mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Metacomputing_software/3sS5aCRD">Metacomputing software</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Metaprogramming/ujbjjJTY">Metaprogramming</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Parallel_computing/nQzcpzQt">Parallel computing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Quantum_computing/nbbcgmvq">Quantum computing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Supercomputing/HT9NwGAN">Supercomputing</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/334556.334563">Special Issue on Metacomputing: From Workstation Clusters to Internet computing, Future Generation Computer Systems</a>, Gentzsch W. (editor), No. 15, North Holland (1999)</li> <li><a href="http://www.cnds.jhu.edu/research/metacomputing/">Metacomputing Project</a>- with <a href="/facts/DARPA/Uf9sarhT">DARPA</a> contribution</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060607095742/http://hpc.isti.cnr.it/~lafo/domenico/papers/the_grid.pdf">The Grid: International Efforts in Global Computing</a>, Mark Baker, Rajkumar Buyya and Domenico Laforenza (2005)</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061014145657/http://www.nest-idea.kpk.gov.pl/fetchfile.html?id=19">Toward the Identification of the Real-World Meta-Complexity</a>, (2004) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060907094619/http://nest-idea.kpk.gov.pl/">NEST-IDEA</a> Interdisciplinary Research</li> <li><a href="http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622887/description#description">Journal of Mathematical Psychology</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Smarr, Larry; Catlett, Charles E. (1992). "Metacomputing". Communications of the ACM. 35 (6): 44. doi:10.1145/129888.129890. <a href="/wiki/Larry_Smarr" target="_blank">/wiki/Larry_Smarr</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>