Rankine, W.J. Macquorn (6 April 1865). "On the Mechanical Principals of the Action of Propellers". Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects. 6: 13. hdl:2027/mdp.39015022700325 – via Hathi Trust. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015022700325?urlappend=%3Bseq=47%3Bownerid=13510798885881399-61