"Latent Variable Models". Statistics.com: Data Science, Analytics & Statistics Courses. Archived from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-11-01. https://www.statistics.com/glossary/latent-variable-models/
Blei, David M. (2014-01-03). "Build, Compute, Critique, Repeat: Data Analysis with Latent Variable Models". Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application. 1 (1): 203–232. Bibcode:2014AnRSA...1..203B. doi:10.1146/annurev-statistics-022513-115657. ISSN 2326-8298. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-statistics-022513-115657
Borsboom, Denny; Mellenbergh, Gideon J.; van Heerden, Jaap (April 2003). "The theoretical status of latent variables". Psychological Review. 110 (2): 203–219. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.203. ISSN 1939-1471. PMID 12747522. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.203
Blei, David M.; Ng, Andrew Y.; Jordan, Michael I. (2003). "Latent dirichlet allocation". J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3 (3/1/2003): 993–1022. ISSN 1532-4435. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/944919.944937
Bartholomew, David J.; Steel, Fiona; Moustaki, Irini; Galbraith, Jane I. (2002). The Analysis and Interpretation of Multivariate Data for Social Scientists. Chapman & Hall/CRC. p. 145. ISBN 1-58488-295-6. 1-58488-295-6
The terms "latent trait analysis" and "item response theory" are often used interchangeably.[6]
Everitt, BS (1984). An Introduction to Latent Variables Models. Chapman & Hall. ISBN 0-412-25310-0. 0-412-25310-0