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SEK (Germany)
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>In 1974, the first SEK unit was raised in police forces of the state of <a href="/facts/North_Rhine-Westphalia/0QmCWxjo">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>After West and East Germany were unified in 1990, some ex-officers of the <i><a href="/facts/Diensteinheit_IX/rlKruSlg">Diensteinheit IX</a></i> (DIX) in the <a href="/facts/Volkspolizei/df6GBhQM">Volkspolizei</a> were merged into the SEKs after thorough political evaluation procedures, such as with SEK units in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> and in Sachsen-Anhalt.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>The SEK received a name change from <i>Sondereinsatzkommando</i> to <i>Spezialeinsatzkommando</i>, announced in 2013, because the former is usually associated with <i>Sondereinsatzkommando <a href="/facts/Adolf_Eichmann/WygcLDLr">Eichmann</a></i>, a unit in the Nazi <i><a href="/facts/Schutzstaffel/nMNcQEHa">Schutzstaffel</a></i> (SS) tasked with overseeing the <a href="/facts/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary/V8XpYoYm">deportation of Hungary's Jewish residents</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>In 2015, the SEK was called in to intervene in Erfurt, Thuringia after a 48-year-old man barricaded himself in his apartment and acted violently towards emergency medical personnel. An SEK operator was wounded during the raid.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>In 2015, the SEK Cologne was accused of harassment while performing an initiation ritual on a new member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> These charges were later dropped. Meanwhile, Ex-GSG9 commander Ulrich Wegener accused the SEK of being badly disciplined since the officers were not punished.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> A <a href="/facts/Reichsb%C3%BCrgerbewegung/xzrHhfaD">Reichsbürgerbewegung</a> supporter was confronted by the police in 2016 in Bavaria with the SEK deployed. One operator was shot dead after they were ordered to seize the man's weapons due to him being mentally unfit to handle them.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>On June 10, 2021, Interior Minister for the state of Hesse Peter Beuth announced that its SEK unit in Frankfurt would be disbanded since some of its operators were reported to be sharing alt-right messages.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="organization">Organization</h2> <p>The organization of special police forces varies from state to state. Whilst most states have created one SEK which is based in their capital city, others have more than one.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> <a href="/facts/North_Rhine-Westphalia_Police/uQ8DWb5t">North Rhine-Westphalia Police</a> or <a href="/facts/Rheinland-Pfalz_State_Police/J0KF2gd6">Rheinland-Pfalz State Police</a> have established SEKs in other major cities as needed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Bavarian_State_Police/Cr3qehq0">Bavarian State Police</a> and <a href="/facts/Hessen_State_Police/WTFYz0R7">Hessen State Police</a> both have two SEKs – one each for the north and the south. </p><p>Most SEKs would have 40 to 70 operators attached, depending on the state.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>A SEK unit can be attached to the <i><a href="/facts/Bereitschaftspolizei/fvFN4IX3">Bereitschaftspolizei</a></i> <a href="/facts/Riot_police/VxInPn8e">riot police</a> or to big regional police headquarters. However, the common trend is to put the SEK units under control of the <i><a href="/facts/Landeskriminalamt/GV5yFxf8">Landeskriminalamt</a></i> (LKA).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Many LKA have special divisions which consist of the SEK, MEK and crisis negotiation teams. </p><p>The internal organisation of SEKs rests with the units and therefore differs as well. </p><p>The SEK of South Bavaria has an <a href="/facts/Alps/Q3zdQId4">alpine</a> component and the SEK units of <a href="/facts/Bremen/y56P3Pyk">Bremen</a> and <a href="/facts/Hamburg/kmAAsYtT">Hamburg</a> have elements trained for maritime tasks. Some SEKs also have specialized negotiation groups (<i>Verhandlungsgruppen</i>, commonly abbreviated as VGs) for cases like hostage situations or suicide attempts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="eligibility-and-training">Eligibility and training</h2> <p>Any state police officer is eligible to apply for service in a SEK unit, but it is common only to consider applications from officers with at least three years of duty experience.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> The age limit is mostly between 23 and 35 years, whilst operatives have to leave the entry teams when they reach the age of 42 (or 45 in some states).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Both sexes are eligible to apply. </p><p>At the moment, only the SEK units of <a href="/facts/Hamburg/kmAAsYtT">Hamburg</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Schleswig-Holstein/FIFpSySG">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, and central <a href="/facts/Hesse/kEmEjUK9">Hesse</a> have women in their ranks. </p><p>The requirements demand physical and mental strength, discernment, and capacity for teamwork.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> About 30 percent of all candidates pass the tests. The length of the training necessary to become an operative in a SEK unit differs but is generally five to eight months long and covers a wide range of required skills.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> Some of their training requires SEK operators to train with other police forces in Europe and North America.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p><p>All applications made to join the SEK are made online.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> SEK operators usually get a stipend between 150 and 400 Euros, depending on the state police force where they work in.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="equipment">Equipment</h2> <p>While firearms are still issued by the forces, SEK officers can order equipment they feel suit best for the missions. The following weapons are used by SEK: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Country of origin</th><th>Type</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Korth/96YptjEe">Korth</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Revolver/Kxsr0fpq">Revolver</a></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Smith_%26_Wesson_Model_625/Segc3Tag">Smith & Wesson Model 625</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Used by Northrhine-Westphalia SEK operators with suppressors<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Glock_17/bslYcJQU">Glock 17</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a></td><td rowspan="7"><a href="/facts/Semi-automatic_pistol/nlBHDhu2">Semi-automatic pistol</a></td><td>Seen in use by Berlin SEK<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_VP9/WYyEQlfx">Heckler & Koch VP9</a></td><td rowspan="11"> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></td><td>Seen in use by Saxony SEK<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_P30/lLMjxr2M">Heckler & Koch P30</a></td><td>Used by Hesse State Police and Federal Police MFE (covert commando)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SIG_P226/7dzPE9Rx">SIG P226</a></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SIG_P228/7dzPE9Rx">SIG P228</a></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_USP/FhRBu5m5">Heckler & Koch USP</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Walther_PDP/sh618Chw">Walther PDP</a></td><td>Seen holstered during response to <a href="/facts/Wuppertal/ey5KPmGU">Wuppertal</a> school stabbing by the Northrhine-Westphalia SEK <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5/NvoDyYzl">Heckler & Koch MP5</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Submachine_gun/MDvIABEJ">Submachine gun</a></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP7/5PJRGGV7">Heckler & Koch MP7</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_UMP/esyHLH2J">Heckler & Koch UMP</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_G36/xbwbEnI4">Heckler & Koch G36</a></td><td rowspan="6"><a href="/facts/Assault_rifle/H2DXHauQ">Assault rifle</a></td><td>Used by Brandenburg SEK<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_HK416/8uuCMKKC">Heckler & Koch G38</a></td><td>14.5 inch-model used by Hesse State Police<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/FN_SCAR/6J1c5uMK">FN SCAR</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgium</a></td><td>Mk 16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> and Mk 17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> variants used</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Steyr_AUG/U062zFuz">Steyr AUG</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a></td><td>Used by Bavaria SEK<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Haenel_MK_556/X3jSVmh0">Haenel CR223</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></td><td>Used by Hamburg SEKs/MEKs and Saxony SEKs<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SIG_Sauer_MCX/01AKrmUM">SIG Sauer MCX</a></td><td rowspan="3"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Remington_870/YElRJPjU">Remington 870</a></td><td rowspan="6"><a href="/facts/Shotgun/tGxz1bqj">Shotgun</a></td><td rowspan="6"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mossberg_500/edgaIcuK">Mossberg 500</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_HK512/tJYqthep">Heckler & Koch HK512</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Benelli_M3/hFeNB88t">Benelli M3</a></td><td rowspan="2"> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Benelli_M4/HKJ7qNBY">Benelli M4</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vepr-12/38KSHF6R">Vepr-12</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_PSG1/Gm7fPyrk">Heckler & Koch PSG1</a></td><td rowspan="4"> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></td><td rowspan="6"><a href="/facts/Sniper_rifle/qoUmojfP">Sniper rifle</a></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Blaser_R93_Tactical/eFEpmphF">Blaser R93 Tactical</a></td><td rowspan="5"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/TPG-1/soYPJwBa">TPG-1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/DSR-Precision_DSR-1/GujGGSYL">DSR-Precision DSR-1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Accuracy_International_Arctic_Warfare/7F8JkJ7G">Accuracy International Arctic Warfare</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/PGM_H%C3%A9cate_II/Irpu9I2x">PGM Hécate II</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The North Rhine-Westphalia SEK use Ford F-550 pickups modified to use MARS tactical ladders for raids on hard to reach places.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> The Saxony Police use the <a href="/facts/RMMV_Survivor_R/ptsQfodH">RMMV Survivor R</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> and the Toyota Land Cruiser equipped with V8 engines as a first response vehicle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> The Brandenburg State Police and the Hamburg State Police use the PMV Survivor I for its SEK units.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> The SEK of the <a href="/facts/Bavarian_State_Police/Cr3qehq0">Bavarian State Police</a> uses the <a href="/facts/LAPV_Enok/YvKKl7YX">LAPV Enok</a>. </p> <h2 id="uniforms">Uniforms</h2> <p>SEK members do not always operate in uniform but do wear masks to protect their identities, as well as to protect their bodies from burns.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> If cited in a trial they are only referred to by numbers. </p><p>When off-duty SEK officers are called to a crime scene, they may appear plain-clothed, only wearing their special protective gear and carrying their weapons. </p> <h2 id="related-units">Related units</h2> <h3>MEK</h3> <p><i>Mobile Einsatzkommandos</i> (MEK)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> operate hand-in-hand with the SEKs. </p><p>These plain-clothed units specialize in surveillance, quick arrests and mobile hostage sieges. They are used in investigations against organized crime, blackmailers or other serious offenses. </p><p>MEKs also provide close protection for a state's senior leaders, including the state's minister president or interior minister. Requirements for duty as a MEK officer are similar but partially less strict than the requirements for the SEK. </p> <h2 id="images">Images</h2> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Zentrale_Unterst%C3%BCtzungsgruppe_Zoll/hmRI4nD3">Zentrale Unterstützungsgruppe Zoll</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li> Media related to SEK at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>REICHENBACH, VON JENS. "Die Schattenmänner". Nw.de. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.nw.de/lokal/bielefeld/mitte/mitte/3534012_Die-Schattenmaenner.html" target="_blank">http://www.nw.de/lokal/bielefeld/mitte/mitte/3534012_Die-Schattenmaenner.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Aufgabenspektrum der Spezialeinheiten". Polizei Brandenburg (in German). 11 November 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2020. <a href="https://polizei.brandenburg.de/seite/aufgabenspektrum-der-spezialeinheiten/60732" target="_blank">https://polizei.brandenburg.de/seite/aufgabenspektrum-der-spezialeinheiten/60732</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"SEK: Was hinter dem Spezialeinsatzkommando steckt". Die Welt. 4 April 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2018 – via www.welt.de. <a href="https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html" target="_blank">https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Spezialeinheiten der Polizei - Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" (in German). SEK Einsatz. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2014-04-27. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319232253/http://www.sek-einsatz.net/spezialeinheiten/sek-laenderuebersicht/spezialeinheiten-der-polizei-mecklenburg-vorpommern" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120319232253/http://www.sek-einsatz.net/spezialeinheiten/sek-laenderuebersicht/spezialeinheiten-der-polizei-mecklenburg-vorpommern</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Spezialeinheiten der Polizei Sachsen-Anhalt" (in German). SEK Team. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2014-04-27. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330154006/http://sek-einsatz.de/spezialeinheiten/sek-laenderuebersicht/spezialeinheiten-der-polizei-sachsen-anhalt" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120330154006/http://sek-einsatz.de/spezialeinheiten/sek-laenderuebersicht/spezialeinheiten-der-polizei-sachsen-anhalt</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>New Lives: Survivors of the Holocaust Living in America by Dorothy Rabinowitz, page 183 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"A HOLOKAUSZT MAGYARORSZAGON". Holokausztmagyarorszagon.hu. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.holokausztmagyarorszagon.hu/index.php?section=1&chapter=4_1_1&type=content" target="_blank">http://www.holokausztmagyarorszagon.hu/index.php?section=1&chapter=4_1_1&type=content</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Mann bei SEK-Einsatz in Erfurt erschossen". Thueringer-allgemeine.de. December 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.thueringer-allgemeine.de/web/zgt/leben/detail/-/specific/Mann-bei-SEK-Einsatz-in-Erfurt-erschossen-157671528" target="_blank">http://www.thueringer-allgemeine.de/web/zgt/leben/detail/-/specific/Mann-bei-SEK-Einsatz-in-Erfurt-erschossen-157671528</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Polizeiforscher: Darum sind demütigende Aufnahmerituale beim SEK lebensnotwendig". Focus.de. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/nach-folterskandal-in-koeln-polizeiforscher-darum-sind-demuetigende-aufnahmerituale-beim-sek-lebensnotwendig_id_4775931.html" target="_blank">http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/nach-folterskandal-in-koeln-polizeiforscher-darum-sind-demuetigende-aufnahmerituale-beim-sek-lebensnotwendig_id_4775931.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Nach Foltervorwürfen: Kölner SEK-Kommando ist bekannt für schlechte Disziplin". Focus.de. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.focus.de/panorama/immer-wieder-aerger-nach-foltervorwuerfen-koelner-sek-kommando-ist-bekannt-fuer-schlechte-disziplin_id_4776990.html" target="_blank">http://www.focus.de/panorama/immer-wieder-aerger-nach-foltervorwuerfen-koelner-sek-kommando-ist-bekannt-fuer-schlechte-disziplin_id_4776990.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Bavarian policeman dies after battle with far-right gunman". Dw.com. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.dw.com/en/bavarian-policeman-dies-after-battle-with-far-right-gunman/a-36096814" target="_blank">http://www.dw.com/en/bavarian-policeman-dies-after-battle-with-far-right-gunman/a-36096814</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Einsatz in Georgensgmünd - Polizist stirbt nach Schüssen von Reichsbürger". Deutschlandfunk.de. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/einsatz-in-georgensgmuend-polizist-stirbt-nach-schuessen.1818.de.html?dram:article_id=369029" target="_blank">http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/einsatz-in-georgensgmuend-polizist-stirbt-nach-schuessen.1818.de.html?dram:article_id=369029</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Germany: Frankfurt police unit to be disbanded – DW – 06/10/2021". Deutsche Welle. <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/germany-frankfurt-police-unit-to-be-disbanded-over-far-right-chats/a-57840014" target="_blank">https://www.dw.com/en/germany-frankfurt-police-unit-to-be-disbanded-over-far-right-chats/a-57840014</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"SEK - Das Spezialeinsatzkommando". Sek-einsatz.de. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="https://sek-einsatz.de/spezialeinheiten/sek-das-spezialeinsatzkommando-2/9852" target="_blank">https://sek-einsatz.de/spezialeinheiten/sek-das-spezialeinsatzkommando-2/9852</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"SEK - Das Spezialeinsatzkommando". Sek-einsatz.de. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="https://sek-einsatz.de/spezialeinheiten/sek-das-spezialeinsatzkommando-2/9852" target="_blank">https://sek-einsatz.de/spezialeinheiten/sek-das-spezialeinsatzkommando-2/9852</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Kleine Anfrage des Abgeordneten Andre Schollbach, Fraktion DIE LINKE : Drs.-Nr. : 6/3674 : Thema: Spezialeinsatekommando (SEK) des Landeskriminalamtes Sachse" (PDF). S3.kleine-anfragen.de. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="https://s3.kleine-anfragen.de/ka-prod/sn/6/3674.pdf" target="_blank">https://s3.kleine-anfragen.de/ka-prod/sn/6/3674.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"SEK: Was hinter dem Spezialeinsatzkommando steckt". Die Welt. 4 April 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2018 – via www.welt.de. <a href="https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html" target="_blank">https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Sondereinsatzkommandos bei der Polizei NRW? + + + UPDATE". Sek-einsatz.de. 23 February 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="https://sek-einsatz.de/nachrichten-sek-einsaetze/sondereinsatzkommandos-bei-der-polizei-nrw/8639" target="_blank">https://sek-einsatz.de/nachrichten-sek-einsaetze/sondereinsatzkommandos-bei-der-polizei-nrw/8639</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"SEK: Was hinter dem Spezialeinsatzkommando steckt". Die Welt. 4 April 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2018 – via www.welt.de. <a href="https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html" target="_blank">https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"SEK: Was hinter dem Spezialeinsatzkommando steckt". Die Welt. 4 April 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2018 – via www.welt.de. <a href="https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html" target="_blank">https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>The SEK-equivalent unit in Hamburg is also called MEK. <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"Sondereinheiten.de - Einheiten - SEK - Spezialeinsatzkommandos der deutschen Polizei - Einstellung". Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-10-06. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011111809/http://www.sondereinheiten.de/einheiten/sek/einstellung/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20171011111809/http://www.sondereinheiten.de/einheiten/sek/einstellung/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"SEK: Was hinter dem Spezialeinsatzkommando steckt". Die Welt. 4 April 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2018 – via www.welt.de. <a href="https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html" target="_blank">https://www.welt.de/politik/article1870233/Was-hinter-dem-Spezialeinsatzkommando-steckt.html</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"SEK - Das Spezialeinsatzkommando". Sek-einsatz.de. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="https://sek-einsatz.de/spezialeinheiten/sek-das-spezialeinsatzkommando-2/9852" target="_blank">https://sek-einsatz.de/spezialeinheiten/sek-das-spezialeinsatzkommando-2/9852</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Polizist beim Spezialeinsatzkommando/ SEK - Traumberuf Polizei". Traumberuf-polizei.de. 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Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.bild.de/themen/organisationen/spezialeinsatzkommando/politik-nachrichten-news-fotos-videos-02-42509142.bild.html" target="_blank">http://www.bild.de/themen/organisationen/spezialeinsatzkommando/politik-nachrichten-news-fotos-videos-02-42509142.bild.html</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"Germany's Spezialeinsatzkommando (SEK) armed with FN SCAR-L CQC. North Rhine-Westphalia. February 22, 2024 [2880×1800]". 2 March 2024. <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/policeporn/comments/1b4vxnj/germanys_spezialeinsatzkommando_sek_armed_with_fn/" target="_blank">https://www.reddit.com/r/policeporn/comments/1b4vxnj/germanys_spezialeinsatzkommando_sek_armed_with_fn/</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>"SEK - Spezialeinsatzkommando - Elite-Polizisten im Einsatz". bild.de. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.bild.de/themen/organisationen/spezialeinsatzkommando/politik-nachrichten-news-fotos-videos-02-42509142.bild.html" target="_blank">http://www.bild.de/themen/organisationen/spezialeinsatzkommando/politik-nachrichten-news-fotos-videos-02-42509142.bild.html</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>"International Anti-Terror exercise in Vienna - The Firearm Blog". Thefirearmblog.com. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/09/01/international-anti-terror-exercise-vienna/" target="_blank">http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/09/01/international-anti-terror-exercise-vienna/</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>"SEK - Spezialeinsatzkommando - Elite-Polizisten im Einsatz". bild.de. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.bild.de/themen/organisationen/spezialeinsatzkommando/politik-nachrichten-news-fotos-videos-02-42509142.bild.html" target="_blank">http://www.bild.de/themen/organisationen/spezialeinsatzkommando/politik-nachrichten-news-fotos-videos-02-42509142.bild.html</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>"Brandenburgs SEK erhält G36-Gewehre". MAZ - Märkische Allgemeine. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.maz-online.de/Brandenburg/SEK-in-Brandenburg-erhaelt-G-36" target="_blank">http://www.maz-online.de/Brandenburg/SEK-in-Brandenburg-erhaelt-G-36</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Weisswange, Jan-Phillipp (13 May 2019). "HK G38 für Hessen – Mitteldistanzwaffen in zwei Konfigurationen" [HK G38 for Hessen - medium-range weapon in two configurations]. Europäische Sicherheit & Technik (in German). Retrieved 2019-05-15. <a href="https://esut.de/2019/05/meldungen/innere-sicherheit/12786/hk-g38-fuer-hessen/" target="_blank">https://esut.de/2019/05/meldungen/innere-sicherheit/12786/hk-g38-fuer-hessen/</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>"Mystery SCAR 16 at the German Düsseldorf ax attack. - The Firearm Blog". Thefirearmblog.com. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2018. <a href="http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/03/21/mystery-scar-16-german-dusseldorf-ax-attack/" target="_blank">http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/03/21/mystery-scar-16-german-dusseldorf-ax-attack/</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>"SEK - Spezialeinsatzkommando - Elite-Polizisten im Einsatz". bild.de. 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