Godzilla

<h2 id="appearances">Appearances</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(franchise)/DJ5cv8IQ">Godzilla (franchise)</a>
See also: <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(Showa)/egy0G5Eq">Godzilla (Showa)</a>, <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(Heisei)/eDNvHdTA">Godzilla (Heisei)</a>, <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(TriStar)/joP6guxv">Godzilla (TriStar)</a>, <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(Monsterverse)/Vptwww5n">Godzilla (Monsterverse)</a>, <a href="/facts/Shin_Godzilla_(character)/ooIbsu1Q">Shin Godzilla (character)</a>, and <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(Godzilla_Minus_One)/0WgTwDlV">Godzilla (Godzilla Minus One)</a>
First appearing in 1954, Godzilla has starred in a total of 38 films: 33 Japanese films produced and distributed by Toho Co., Ltd. and five American films, one produced by <a href="/facts/TriStar_Pictures/E8xBMNW1">TriStar Pictures</a> and four produced by <a href="/facts/Legendary_Pictures/yKejRWTU">Legendary Pictures</a>. The monster has also appeared in countless other entertainment mediums, which include comic book lines, <a href="/facts/Novelization/dN49Wtsg">novelizations</a>, and video games; each appearance expands upon the universe created by the films.

<h2 id="development">Development</h2>
<h3>Naming</h3>
Although the process of creating Godzilla's <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(1954_film)/bGFMsbWB">first film</a> is comprehensively recorded, exactly how its name came to be remains unclear.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> The most widely accepted report of its origin is that producer <a href="/facts/Tomoyuki_Tanaka/1AM1kKbX">Tomoyuki Tanaka</a> named the monster after <a href="/facts/Toho/uKLDF4vP">Toho</a> employee Shirō Amikura, who was nicknamed "Gujira" (グジラ) then "Gojira" (ゴジラ), a <a href="/facts/Portmanteau/d124JEbz">portmanteau</a> of the Japanese words gorira (ゴリラ, "gorilla") and kujira (鯨（クジラ）, "whale"), because of his sturdy build and his fondness for <a href="/facts/Whale_meat/72zpPr6s">whale meat</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> The account has been acknowledged by Toho themselves,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> director <a href="/facts/Ishir%25C5%258D_Honda/B6avStSF">Ishirō Honda</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> producer Tanaka,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> special effects director <a href="/facts/Eiji_Tsuburaya/d1EyjNTf">Eiji Tsuburaya</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> producer Ichirō Satō [ja],<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> and production head Iwao Mori [ja],<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> with Satō and Mori recalling that the employee was Amikura.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> However, Honda's widow Kimi dismissed the story in a 1998 <a href="/facts/BBC/qFateIz8">BBC</a> documentary on Godzilla, believing that Honda, Tanaka, and Tsuburaya gave "considerable thought" to the name of the monster, stating, "the backstage boys at Toho loved to joke around with tall stories, but I don't believe that one".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> Honda's longtime assistant director Kōji Kajita [ja] added: "Those of us who were closest to them don't even know how and why they came up with Gojira."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>
Toho later translated the monster's Japanese name as "Godzilla" for overseas distribution.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> The first recorded foreign usage of "Godzilla" was printed in the <a href="/facts/Hawaii_Tribune-Herald/rB2Ecy63">Hawaii Tribune-Herald</a> on November 20, 1955.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>
During the development of the American version of <a href="/facts/Godzilla_Raids_Again/L2ctnmJu">Godzilla Raids Again</a> (1955), Godzilla's name was changed to "Gigantis" by producer Paul Schreibman, who wanted to create a character distinct from Godzilla.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>

<h3>Characterization</h3>
Within the context of the Japanese films, Godzilla's exact origins vary, but it is generally depicted as an enormous, violent, prehistoric sea monster awakened and empowered by nuclear radiation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> Although the specific details of Godzilla's appearance have varied slightly over the years, the overall impression has remained consistent.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> Inspired by the fictional <a href="/facts/Rhedosaurus/QrTs3uxJ">Rhedosaurus</a> created by animator <a href="/facts/Ray_Harryhausen/A5IXLlDV">Ray Harryhausen</a> for the film <a href="/facts/The_Beast_from_20%2c000_Fathoms/QrTs3uxJ">The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> Godzilla's character design was conceived as that of an <a href="/facts/Semiaquatic/6JHes4oC">amphibious</a> reptilian monster based around the loose concept of a dinosaur<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> with an erect standing posture, scaly skin, an anthropomorphic torso with muscular arms, lobed bony plates along its back and tail, and a furrowed brow.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>
Art director <a href="/facts/Akira_Watanabe_(art_director)/yIaMuDa1">Akira Watanabe</a> combined attributes of a <a href="/facts/Tyrannosaurus/HQw1cywX">Tyrannosaurus</a>, an <a href="/facts/Iguanodon/f4WBtpbX">Iguanodon</a>, a <a href="/facts/Stegosaurus/TBRwShrM">Stegosaurus</a> and an alligator<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> to form a sort of blended <a href="/facts/Chimera_(mythology)/RSlGGTIh">chimera</a>, inspired by illustrations from an issue of <a href="/facts/Life_(magazine)/t3r71BEK">Life</a> magazine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> To emphasize the monster's relationship with the atomic bomb, its skin texture was inspired by the <a href="/facts/Keloid/nY3pACyg">keloid</a> scars seen on the <a href="/facts/Hibakusha/bQ1CSDnQ">survivors of Hiroshima</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a> The basic design has a reptilian visage, a robust build, an upright posture, a long tail and three rows of serrated plates along the back. In the original film, the plates were added for purely aesthetic purposes, in order to further differentiate Godzilla from any other living or extinct creature. Godzilla is sometimes depicted as green in comics, cartoons, and movie posters, but the costumes used in the movies were usually painted charcoal gray with bone-white dorsal plates up until the film <a href="/facts/Godzilla_2000/a154K2LC">Godzilla 2000: Millennium</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a>
In the original Japanese films, Godzilla and all the other monsters are referred to with <a href="/facts/Gender-neutral_pronoun/4Ale4XS2">gender-neutral pronouns</a> equivalent to "it",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> while in the English dubbed versions, Godzilla is explicitly described as a male. In his book, Godzilla co-creator <a href="/facts/Tomoyuki_Tanaka/1AM1kKbX">Tomoyuki Tanaka</a> suggested that the monster was probably male; but also suggested that the original 1954 version could have been female.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> In the 1998 film <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(1998_film)/rK5KJTdM">Godzilla</a>, the monster is referred to as a male and is depicted laying eggs through <a href="/facts/Parthenogenesis/gHzfaYpp">parthenogenesis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a> In the <a href="/facts/Monsterverse/Df2t8VMm">Legendary Pictures Godzilla</a> films, Godzilla is specified as a male.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>
For the English translations for the <a href="/facts/Godzilla_and_Godzilla_Raids_Again/yKdUEYS0">Godzilla and Godzilla Raids Again</a> novellas, writer <a href="/facts/Jeffrey_Angles/up8QmQ31">Jeffrey Angles</a> settled on male pronouns for Godzilla, stating that "Kayama [writer of the original novellas] thought about Godzilla as a stand-in for the nuclear bomb, and it was men in America who were developing the hydrogen bombs that frightened Japan so much in 1954. So maybe it's perhaps not inappropriate to call Godzilla 'he'." Angles also noted that Toho prefers to keep Godzilla and their other kaiju characters as gender-neutral as they see them more as objects akin to natural disasters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a>
Godzilla's allegiance and motivations, as well as its level of intelligence, have changed from film to film to suit the needs of the story. Although Godzilla does not like humans,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> it will fight alongside humanity against common threats. However, it makes no special effort to protect human life or property<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> and will turn against its human allies on a whim. It is generally not motivated to attack by predatory instinct; it does not usually eat people<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> and instead sustains itself on nuclear radiation<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> and an omnivorous or piscivorian diet consisting especially of <a href="/facts/Cetaceans/rtC33h63">cetaceans</a> and large fish.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> When inquired if Godzilla was "good or bad", producer <a href="/facts/Sh%25C5%258Dgo_Tomiyama/sb5lrnqk">Shōgo Tomiyama</a> likened it to a <a href="/facts/Shinto/HAAJ0D9C">Shinto</a> "God of Destruction" which lacks moral agency and cannot be held to human standards of good and evil. "He totally destroys everything and then there is a rebirth. Something new and fresh can begin."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> <a href="/facts/Tomoyuki_Tanaka/1AM1kKbX">Tomoyuki Tanaka</a> noted in his book that Godzilla and humanity can become temporary allies against greater threats, but they are essentially enemies due to the difficulty to co-exist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a>

<h4>Abilities</h4>

Godzilla's signature weapon is its "atomic heat beam" (also known as "atomic breath"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a>), nuclear energy that it generates inside of its body, uses electromagnetic force to concentrate it into a laser-like high velocity projectile and unleashes it from its jaws in the form of a blue or red radioactive beam.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a> Toho's special effects department has used various techniques to render the beam, from physical gas-powered flames<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a> to hand-drawn or computer-generated fire. Godzilla is shown to possess immense physical strength and muscularity. Haruo Nakajima, the actor who played Godzilla in the original films, was a <a href="/facts/Black_belt_(martial_arts)/nFhhPJQP">black belt</a> in judo and used his expertise to choreograph the battle sequences.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a>
Godzilla is <a href="/facts/Semiaquatic/6JHes4oC">amphibious</a>: it has a preference for traversing Earth's <a href="/facts/Hydrosphere/RbJmcSX6">hydrosphere</a> when in hibernation or migration, can breathe underwater due to pore-shaped <a href="/facts/Gill/FWgM3Jp8">gills</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> and is described in the original film by the character Dr. Yamane as a <a href="/facts/Transitional_form/ov9o5s9l">transitional form</a> between a marine and a terrestrial reptile. Godzilla is shown to have great vitality: it is immune to conventional weaponry thanks to its rugged hide and ability to <a href="/facts/Regeneration_(biology)/DHkSrakp">regenerate</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a> and as a result of surviving a nuclear explosion, it cannot be destroyed by anything less powerful. One incarnation possesses an electromagnetic pulse-producing organ in its body which generates an asymmetrical permeable shield, making it impervious to all damage except for a short period when the organ recycles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a>
Various films, non-canonical television shows, comics, and games have depicted Godzilla with additional powers, such as an atomic pulse,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> magnetism,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a> precognition,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> fireballs,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a> convert electromagnetic energy into intensive body heat,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a> converting shed blood into temporary tentacle limbs,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a> an electric bite,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a> superhuman speed,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a> laser beams emitted from its eyes<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a> and even flight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a>

<h4>Roar</h4>
Godzilla has a distinctive disyllabic roar (transcribed in several comics as Skreeeonk!),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a> which was created by composer <a href="/facts/Akira_Ifukube/dVTs9mTX">Akira Ifukube</a>, who produced the sound by rubbing a pine tar-resin-coated glove along the string of a <a href="/facts/Double_bass/zyyj4aay">contrabass</a> and then slowing down the playback.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a> In the American version of Godzilla Raids Again (1955) titled Gigantis the Fire Monster (1959), Godzilla's roar was mostly substituted with that of the monster <a href="/facts/Anguirus/MzBwUMIQ">Anguirus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a> From <a href="/facts/The_Return_of_Godzilla/kygGoqz6">The Return of Godzilla</a> (1984) to <a href="/facts/Godzilla_vs._King_Ghidorah/gns8GKSn">Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah</a> (1991), Godzilla was given a deeper and more threatening-sounding roar than in previous films, though this change was reverted from <a href="/facts/Godzilla_vs._Mothra/GC7LDeEm">Godzilla vs. Mothra</a> (1992) onward.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a> For the 2014 American film, sound editors Ethan Van der Ryn and Erik Aadahl refused to disclose the source of the sounds used for their Godzilla's roar.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a> Aadahl described the two syllables of the roar as representing two different emotional reactions, with the first expressing fury and the second conveying the character's soul.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a>

<h4>Size</h4>

Godzilla's size is inconsistent, changing from film to film and even from scene to scene for the sake of artistic license.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a> The miniature sets and costumes were typically built at a 1⁄25–1⁄50 scale<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a> and filmed at 240 frames per second to create the illusion of great size.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a> In <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(1954_film)/bGFMsbWB">the original 1954 film</a>, Godzilla was scaled to be 50 m (164 ft) tall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a> This was done so Godzilla could just peer over the largest buildings in Tokyo at the time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a> In the <a href="/facts/Godzilla%2c_King_of_the_Monsters!/YtBqXxJG">1956 American version</a>, Godzilla is estimated to be 121.9 m (400 ft) tall, because producer <a href="/facts/Joseph_E._Levine/np3GvYMC">Joseph E. Levine</a> felt that 50 m did not sound "powerful enough".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a>
As the series progressed, Toho would rescale the character, eventually making Godzilla as tall as 100 m (328 ft).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a> This was done so that it would not be dwarfed by the newer, bigger buildings in Tokyo's skyline, such as the 243-metre-tall (797 ft) <a href="/facts/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building/2QclhHMq">Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building</a> which Godzilla destroyed in the film Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah (1991). Supplementary information, such as character profiles, would also depict Godzilla as weighing between 20,000 and 60,000 metric tons (22,050 and 66,140 short tons).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a>
In the American film <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(2014_film)/aeR9TgfV">Godzilla</a> (2014) from <a href="/facts/Legendary_Pictures/yKejRWTU">Legendary Pictures</a>, Godzilla was scaled to be 108.2 m (355 ft) and weighing 90,000 short tons (81,650 metric tons), making it the largest film version at that time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a> Director <a href="/facts/Gareth_Edwards_(filmmaker)/kmtQqPGs">Gareth Edwards</a> wanted Godzilla "to be so big as to be seen from anywhere in the city, but not too big that he couldn't be obscured".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a> For <a href="/facts/Shin_Godzilla/t323zSVh">Shin Godzilla</a> (2016), Godzilla was made even taller than the Legendary version, at 118.5 m (389 ft).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a> In <a href="/facts/Godzilla%3a_Planet_of_the_Monsters/QD4GLHHE">Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters</a> (2017), Godzilla's height was increased further still to 300 m (984 ft).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> In <a href="/facts/Godzilla%3a_King_of_the_Monsters_(2019_film)/bBvE3EaV">Godzilla: King of the Monsters</a> (2019) and <a href="/facts/Godzilla_vs._Kong/EeCmBdly">Godzilla vs. Kong</a> (2021), Godzilla's height was increased to 119.8 m (393 ft) from the 2014 incarnation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a>

<h2 id="special-effects">Special effects</h2>

Godzilla's appearance has traditionally been portrayed in the films by <a href="/facts/Suitmation/EDu5Kf6Q">an actor wearing a latex costume</a>, though the character has also been rendered in <a href="/facts/Animatronics/B8D2jRre">animatronic</a>, <a href="/facts/Stop-motion/A3RY2bbk">stop-motion</a> and <a href="/facts/Computer-generated_imagery/ThJ2gh1X">computer-generated</a> form.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a> Taking inspiration from <a href="/facts/King_Kong_(1933_film)/HPvaw2uE">King Kong</a>, special effects artist <a href="/facts/Eiji_Tsuburaya/d1EyjNTf">Eiji Tsuburaya</a> had initially wanted Godzilla to be portrayed via stop-motion, but prohibitive deadlines and a lack of experienced animators in Japan at the time made suitmation more practical.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a>

<h3>Practical effects</h3>
The first suit, weighing in excess of 100 kg (220 lb), consisted of a body cavity made of thin wires and bamboo wrapped in chicken wire for support and covered in fabric and cushions, which were then coated in latex. It was held together by small hooks on the back, though subsequent Godzilla suits incorporated a zipper.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> Prior to 1984, most Godzilla suits were made from scratch, thus resulting in slight design changes in each film appearance.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a> The most notable changes from 1962 to 1975 were the reduction in Godzilla's number of toes and the removal of the character's external ears and prominent fangs, features which would all later be reincorporated in the Godzilla designs from The Return of Godzilla (1984) onward.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a> The most consistent Godzilla design was maintained from <a href="/facts/Godzilla_vs._Biollante/LJYHFk5I">Godzilla vs. Biollante</a> (1989) to <a href="/facts/Godzilla_vs._Destoroyah/I38V4Xar">Godzilla vs. Destoroyah</a> (1995), when the suit was given a cat-like face and double rows of teeth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a>
Several suit actors had difficulties in performing as Godzilla due to the suits' weight, lack of ventilation and diminished visibility.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a> <a href="/facts/Haruo_Nakajima/cPT3fc5a">Haruo Nakajima</a>, who portrayed Godzilla from 1954 to 1972, said the materials used to make the 1954 suit (rubber, plastic, cotton, and latex) were hard to find after <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>. The suit weighed 100 kilograms after its completion and required two men to help Nakajima put it on. When he first put it on, he sweated so heavily that his shirt was soaked within seconds.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a> <a href="/facts/Kenpachiro_Satsuma/m2Ie1h0u">Kenpachiro Satsuma</a> in particular, who portrayed Godzilla from 1984 to 1995, described how the Godzilla suits he wore were even heavier and hotter than their predecessors because of the incorporation of animatronics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a> Satsuma himself suffered numerous medical issues during his tenure, including <a href="/facts/Oxygen_deprivation/bahl3DJf">oxygen deprivation</a>, near-drowning, concussions, electric shocks and lacerations to the legs from the suits' steel wire reinforcements wearing through the rubber padding.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a> The ventilation problem was partially solved in the suit used in 1994's <a href="/facts/Godzilla_vs._SpaceGodzilla/EhanosIq">Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla</a>, which was the first to include an air duct that allowed suit actors to last longer during performances.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> In <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(1998_film)/rK5KJTdM">Godzilla</a> (1998), several scenes had the monster portrayed by stuntmen in suits similar to those used in the Toho films, with the actors' heads being located in the monster's neck region and the facial movements controlled via animatronics. However, because of the creature's horizontal posture, the stuntmen had to wear metal leg extenders, which allowed them to stand two metres (six feet) off the ground with their feet bent forward.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a> Kurt Carley performed the suitmation sequences for the adult Godzilla.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a>
In The Return of Godzilla (1984), some scenes made use of a 16-foot high robotic Godzilla (dubbed the "Cybot Godzilla") for use in close-up shots of the creature's head. The Cybot Godzilla consisted of a <a href="/facts/Hydraulics/KSIqLovc">hydraulically powered</a> mechanical endoskeleton covered in <a href="/facts/Polyurethane/qNo2KSXA">urethane</a> skin containing 3,000 computer operated parts which permitted it to tilt its head and move its lips and arms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a> For <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(1998_film)/rK5KJTdM">Godzilla</a> (1998), the film's special effects crew built a 1⁄6 scale animatronic Godzilla for close-up scenes, whose size outmatched that of <a href="/facts/Stan_Winston/GgE7PUNm">Stan Winston</a>'s "<a href="/facts/Rexy/7Av2kNaC">Rexy</a>" in <a href="/facts/Jurassic_Park_(film)/ExlNWCI4">Jurassic Park</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a>

<h3>CGI</h3>
In <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(1998_film)/rK5KJTdM">Godzilla</a> (1998), special effects artist <a href="/facts/Patrick_Tatopoulos/p8CExQo9">Patrick Tatopoulos</a> was instructed to redesign <a href="/facts/Zilla_(TriStar_Godzilla)/joP6guxv">Godzilla</a> as an incredibly fast runner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a> At one point, it was planned to use <a href="/facts/Motion_capture/vy5ab34S">motion capture</a> from a human to create the movements of the computer-generated Godzilla, but it was said to have ended up looking too much like a man in a suit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a> Tatopoulos subsequently reimagined the creature as a lean, <a href="/facts/Digitigrade/EJgX8202">digitigrade</a> bipedal, iguana-like creature that stood with its back and tail parallel to the ground, rendered via <a href="/facts/Computer-generated_imagery/ThJ2gh1X">CGI</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a>
In <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(2014_film)/aeR9TgfV">Godzilla</a> (2014), the character was portrayed entirely via CGI. Godzilla's design in the reboot was intended to stay true to that of the original series, though the film's special effects team strove to make the monster "more dynamic than a guy in a big rubber suit."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a> To create a CG version of Godzilla, the Moving Picture Company (MPC) studied various animals such as bears, <a href="/facts/Komodo_dragon/GWInqcUn">Komodo dragons</a>, lizards, lions and <a href="/facts/Wolf/1n3ADMPP">wolves</a>, which helped the visual effects artists visualize Godzilla's body structure, like that of its underlying bone, fat and muscle structure, as well as the thickness and texture of its scales.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a> Motion capture was also used for some of Godzilla's movements. <a href="/facts/T._J._Storm/pmd9NH77">T. J. Storm</a> provided the performance capture for Godzilla by wearing sensors in front of a green screen.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a> Storm reprised the role of Godzilla in <a href="/facts/Godzilla%3a_King_of_the_Monsters_(2019_film)/bBvE3EaV">Godzilla: King of the Monsters</a>, portraying the character through <a href="/facts/Motion-capture_acting/Xg3VmKMu">performance capture</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a>
In <a href="/facts/Shin_Godzilla/t323zSVh">Shin Godzilla</a>, a majority of the character was portrayed via CGI, with <a href="/facts/Mansai_Nomura/k6RdaSuS">Mansai Nomura</a> portraying Godzilla through motion capture.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a> In 2024, <a href="/facts/Godzilla_Minus_One/tJodDEqX">Godzilla Minus One</a> was nominated for the <a href="/facts/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects/GgtNDdtQ">Academy Award for Best Visual Effects</a>, becoming the first Godzilla film nominated for an <a href="/facts/Academy_Awards/CwTxYuNQ">Oscar</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a> At the <a href="/facts/96th_Academy_Awards/QI4uJNLp">96th Academy Awards</a> ceremony, it won the award.

<h2 id="cultural-impact">Cultural impact</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Godzilla_in_popular_culture/SA9pelH7">Godzilla in popular culture</a>

Godzilla is one of the most recognizable symbols of <a href="/facts/Japanese_popular_culture/zv1UeJx4">Japanese popular culture</a> worldwide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a> and remains an important facet of Japanese films, embodying the <a href="/facts/Kaiju/gfE8tVB0">kaiju</a> subset of the <a href="/facts/Tokusatsu/0QFh4cvg">tokusatsu</a> genre. Godzilla's vaguely humanoid appearance and strained, lumbering movements endeared it to Japanese audiences, who could relate to Godzilla as a sympathetic character, despite its wrathful nature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a> Audiences respond positively to the character because it acts out of rage and self-preservation and shows where science and technology can go wrong.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a>
In 1967, the Keukdong Entertainment Company of South Korea, with production assistance from <a href="/facts/Toei_Company/2R6KYqEw">Toei Company</a>, produced <a href="/facts/Yongary%2c_Monster_from_the_Deep/Vjavaogp">Yongary, Monster from the Deep</a>, a reptilian monster who invades South Korea to consume oil. The film and character has often been branded as an imitation of Godzilla.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a>
Godzilla has been considered a filmographic <a href="/facts/Metaphor/xwsLaqJI">metaphor</a> for the United States, as well as an allegory of <a href="/facts/Nuclear_power/jzSyvxSn">nuclear</a> weapons in general. The earlier Godzilla films, especially the original, portrayed Godzilla as a frightening nuclear-spawned monster. Godzilla represented the fears that many Japanese held about the <a href="/facts/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki/fRpj8aJA">atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> and the possibility of recurrence.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a>
As the series progressed, so did Godzilla, changing into a less destructive and more heroic character.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a> <a href="/facts/Ghidorah%2c_the_Three-Headed_Monster/1vRzR2yp">Ghidorah</a> (1964) was the turning point in Godzilla's transformation from villain to hero, by pitting him against a greater threat to humanity, <a href="/facts/King_Ghidorah/oXBgxaaY">King Ghidorah</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a> Godzilla has since been viewed as an <a href="/facts/Anti-hero/GMgF4uRa">anti-hero</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a> <a href="/facts/Roger_Ebert/ogYo6zQj">Roger Ebert</a> cited Godzilla as a notable example of a villain-turned-hero, along with King Kong, <a href="/facts/Jaws_(James_Bond)/tfUB955V">Jaws (James Bond)</a>, the <a href="/facts/Terminator_(character)/S2Q96xJW">Terminator</a> and <a href="/facts/John_Rambo/nWAffEUl">John Rambo</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a>
Godzilla is considered "the original radioactive <a href="/facts/Superhero/2UzUtlz9">superhero</a>" due to his accidental radioactive <a href="/facts/Origin_story/4xk2HvAG">origin story</a> predating <a href="/facts/Spider-Man/7NmsI0l5">Spider-Man</a> (1962 debut),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a> though Godzilla did not become a hero until Ghidorah in 1964.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a> By the 1970s, Godzilla came to be viewed as a superhero, with the magazine King of the Monsters in 1977 describing Godzilla as "Superhero of the '70s." Godzilla had surpassed <a href="/facts/Superman/1mQylpL6">Superman</a> and <a href="/facts/Batman/6ybzEQsH">Batman</a> to become "the most universally popular superhero of 1977" according to Donald F. Glut.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a> Godzilla was also voted the most popular <a href="/facts/Movie_monster/blIS3cS1">movie monster</a> in <a href="/facts/The_Monster_Times/7QXn5GJ4">The Monster Times</a> poll in 1973, beating <a href="/facts/Count_Dracula/L0r44SMH">Count Dracula</a>, <a href="/facts/King_Kong/3aPWTDw7">King Kong</a>, the <a href="/facts/Werewolf_fiction/w22dlHfF">Wolf Man</a>, the <a href="/facts/The_Mummy_(Universal_film_franchise)/J284TB4K">Mummy</a>, the <a href="/facts/Creature_from_the_Black_Lagoon/qpp6Kvan">Creature from the Black Lagoon</a> and the <a href="/facts/Frankenstein%2527s_monster/Jab37LIV">Frankenstein Monster</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a>

 
In 1996, Godzilla received the <a href="/facts/MTV_Movie_Awards/A5n60PI9">MTV Lifetime Achievement Award</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a> as well as being given a star on the <a href="/facts/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame/vCQcm9yu">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in 2004 to celebrate the premiere of the character's 50th anniversary film, <a href="/facts/Godzilla%3a_Final_Wars/to8IeVIl">Godzilla: Final Wars</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a> Godzilla's pop-cultural impact has led to the creation of numerous parodies and tributes, as seen in media such as <a href="/facts/Bambi_Meets_Godzilla/STmFA90m">Bambi Meets Godzilla</a>, which was ranked as one of the "50 greatest cartoons",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a> two episodes of <a href="/facts/Mystery_Science_Theater_3000/us79U0Jw">Mystery Science Theater 3000</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a> and the song "<a href="/facts/Godzilla_(Blue_%25C3%2596yster_Cult_song)/3DQpjE5B">Godzilla</a>" by <a href="/facts/Blue_%25C3%2596yster_Cult/Cw23w5Gh">Blue Öyster Cult</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a> Godzilla has also been used in advertisements, such as in a commercial for <a href="/facts/Nike%2c_Inc./uBaRcBM2">Nike</a>, where Godzilla lost an oversized one-on-one game of basketball to a giant version of NBA player <a href="/facts/Charles_Barkley/MPWto4dm">Charles Barkley</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a> The commercial was subsequently adapted into a <a href="/facts/Godzilla_vs._Charles_Barkley/Tn9BK2JM">comic book</a> illustrated by <a href="/facts/Jeff_Butler/H8mIcfJy">Jeff Butler</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a> Godzilla has also appeared in a commercial for <a href="/facts/Snickers/fCWh8NlT">Snickers candy bars</a>, which served as an indirect promo for the 2014 film. Godzilla's success inspired the creation of numerous other monster characters, such as <a href="/facts/Gamera/1Sm9oAYW">Gamera</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a> <a href="/facts/Reptilicus/NJhjxbHa">Reptilicus</a> of Denmark,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a> <a href="/facts/Yonggary_(character)/h7n9px33">Yonggary</a> of South Korea,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a> <a href="/facts/Pulgasari/GqL9yv8U">Pulgasari</a> of North Korea,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a> <a href="/facts/Gorgo_(film)/93EFSrC1">Gorgo</a> of the United Kingdom<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a> and the <a href="/facts/Clover_(creature)/tnDwnlCJ">Cloverfield monster</a> of the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a>
<a href="/facts/Dakosaurus/w65GVgAu">Dakosaurus</a> is an extinct <a href="/facts/Thalattosuchia/G4CsVybF">sea crocodile</a> of the <a href="/facts/Jurassic/o5Cy4KzX">Jurassic Period</a>, which researchers informally nicknamed "Godzilla".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a> Paleontologists have written tongue-in-cheek speculative articles about Godzilla's biology, with <a href="/facts/Kenneth_Carpenter/qMnHGa2S">Kenneth Carpenter</a> tentatively classifying it as a <a href="/facts/Ceratosauria/1tK9tzVV">ceratosaur</a> based on its skull shape, four-fingered hands, and dorsal scutes and paleontologist <a href="/facts/Darren_Naish/YyfSBJ7B">Darren Naish</a> expressing skepticism, while commenting on Godzilla's unusual morphology.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a>
Godzilla's ubiquity in pop culture has led to the mistaken assumption that the character is in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a>, resulting in litigation by Toho to protect their corporate asset from becoming a <a href="/facts/Generic_trademark/c9VgT8RG">generic trademark</a>. In April 2008, <a href="/facts/Subway_(restaurant)/ojlBpjuj">Subway</a> depicted a giant monster in a commercial for their Five Dollar Footlongs sandwich promotion. Toho filed a lawsuit against Subway for using the character without permission, demanding $150,000 in compensation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a> In February 2011, Toho sued <a href="/facts/Honda/asGvEBbW">Honda</a> for depicting a fire-breathing monster in a commercial for the <a href="/facts/Honda_Odyssey/qMBNtVdg">Honda Odyssey</a>. The monster was never mentioned by name, being seen briefly on a video screen inside the minivan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a> The <a href="/facts/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society/FoEr5HKY">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a> christened a vessel the MV Gojira. Its purpose is to target and harass Japanese whalers in defense of whales in the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary. The MV Gojira was renamed the <a href="/facts/MV_Brigitte_Bardot/rdCshznf">MV Brigitte Bardot</a> in May 2011, due to legal pressure from <a href="/facts/Toho/uKLDF4vP">Toho</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a> <a href="/facts/Gojira_(band)/QCTmDRQ6">Gojira</a> is the name of a French <a href="/facts/Technical_Death_Metal/arWmSFwo">death metal</a> band, formerly known as Godzilla; legal problems forced the band to change their name.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a> In May 2015, Toho launched a lawsuit against <a href="/facts/Voltage_Pictures/WnVnwrVv">Voltage Pictures</a> over <a href="/facts/Colossal_(film)/lm4Ms2dH">a planned picture</a> starring <a href="/facts/Anne_Hathaway/bK0UgfIR">Anne Hathaway</a>. Promotional material released at the Cannes Film Festival used images of Godzilla.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a>
<a href="/facts/Steven_Spielberg/KeqLPKoS">Steven Spielberg</a> cited Godzilla as an inspiration for <a href="/facts/Jurassic_Park_(film)/ExlNWCI4">Jurassic Park</a> (1993), specifically <a href="/facts/Godzilla%2c_King_of_the_Monsters!/YtBqXxJG">Godzilla, King of the Monsters!</a> (1956), which he grew up watching.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a> Spielberg described Godzilla as "the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made you believe it was really happening."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a> Godzilla also influenced the Spielberg film <a href="/facts/Jaws_(film)/Pss43naz">Jaws</a> (1975).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a> Godzilla has also been cited as an inspiration by filmmakers <a href="/facts/Martin_Scorsese/WcboUwcB">Martin Scorsese</a> and <a href="/facts/Tim_Burton/QTYQ25Bt">Tim Burton</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a>
A carnivorous dinosaur from the <a href="/facts/Triassic/r6CNxKXC">Triassic</a> period was named <a href="/facts/Gojirasaurus/ohIuDJcj">Gojirasaurus</a> in 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a> The main-belt asteroid <a href="/facts/101781_Gojira/NP7CpogP">101781 Gojira</a>, discovered by American astronomer <a href="/facts/Roy_Tucker/vTxGgBu1">Roy Tucker</a> at the <a href="/facts/Goodricke-Pigott_Observatory/w2o4LEos">Goodricke-Pigott Observatory</a> in 1999, was named in honor of the creature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a> The official naming citation was published by the <a href="/facts/Minor_Planet_Center/v8T7sdK4">Minor Planet Center</a> on July 11, 2018 (<a href="/facts/Minor_Planet_Circulars/v8T7sdK4">M.P.C.</a> 110635).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a> The largest <a href="/facts/Megamullion/aGW9B9nD">megamullion</a>, located 600 kilometers to the south-east of <a href="/facts/Okinotorishima/05tV3lUo">Okinotorishima</a>, the southernmost Japanese island, is named the <a href="/facts/Godzilla_Megamullion/mcR9fkQA">Godzilla Megamullion</a>. The <a href="/facts/Japan_Coast_Guard/r6JRq5fA">Japan Coast Guard</a> played a role in name, reaching an agreement with Toho. Toho's Chief Godzilla officer Keiji Ota stated that "I am truly honored that (the megamullion) bears Godzilla's name, the Earth's most powerful monster."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a>
In a 2007 interview, Japanese defense minister Shigeru Ishiba said that he would mobilize the <a href="/facts/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces/teNPuETA">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a> in response to an appearance by Godzilla.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a>

<h3>Cultural ambassador</h3>
In April 2015, the <a href="/facts/Shinjuku/g0BY2Qz3">Shinjuku</a> ward of Tokyo named Godzilla a special resident and official tourism ambassador to encourage tourism.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a> During an unveiling of a giant Godzilla bust at Toho headquarters, Shinjuku mayor <a href="/facts/Kenichi_Yoshizumi/aXs6YBRk">Kenichi Yoshizumi</a> stated, "Godzilla is a character that is the pride of Japan." The mayor extended a residency certificate to an actor in a rubber suit representing Godzilla, but as the suit's hands were not designed for grasping, it was accepted on Godzilla's behalf by a Toho executive. Reporters noted that Shinjuku's ward has been flattened by Godzilla in three Toho movies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a>

<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h3>Sources</h3>

<ul><li>Barr, Jason (2016). The Kaiju Film: A Critical Study of Cinema's Biggest Monsters. McFarland. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0786499632.</li>
<li>Edwards, Gareth (2014). <a href="/facts/Godzilla_(2014_film)/aeR9TgfV">Godzilla</a>. Warner Bros. Pictures.</li>
<li>Galbraith IV, Stuart (1998). Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo! The Incredible World of Japanese Fantasy Films. Feral House. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0922915474.</li>
<li>Godziszewski, Ed (1994). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Godzilla. Daikaiju Enterprises.</li>
<li>Honda, Ishiro (1970). <a href="/facts/Invasion_of_Astro-Monster/cr7INB2j">Monster Zero</a> (English version). Toho Co., Ltd/United Productions of America.</li>
<li>Iwahata, Toshiaki (September 1, 1994). テレビマガジン特別編集 誕生40周年記念 ゴジラ大全集 [TV Magazine Special Edition: 40th Anniversary of the Birth of Godzilla Complete Works] (in Japanese). Kodansha. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 4-06-178417-X.</li>
<li>Kalat, David (2010). A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series (second ed.). McFarland. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780786447497.</li>
<li>Lees, J.D.; Cerasini, Marc (1998). <a href="https://archive.org/details/officialgodzilla00lees">The Official Godzilla Compendium</a>. <a href="/facts/Random_House/NcR9r1F1">Random House</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-679-88822-5.</li>
<li>Motoyama, Sho; Matsunomoto, Kazuhiro; Asai, Kazuyasu; Suzuki, Nobutaka; Kato, Masashi (2012). 東宝特撮映画大全集 [Toho Special Effects Movie Complete Works] (in Japanese). villagebooks. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-4-864-91013-2.</li>
<li>Nagayama, Yasuo (2002). Why do Monsters Attack Japan?. <a href="/facts/Chikuma_Shob%25C5%258D/SfGhk8Qa">Chikuma Shobō</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-4480823519.</li>
<li>Nelson, Arvid (2019). Godzilla: Aftershock. Legendary Comics. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1681160535.</li>
<li>Perlmutter, David (2018). The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1538103739.</li>
<li>Ragone, August (2007). Eiji Tsuburaya: Master of Monsters. Chronicle Books. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8118-6078-9.</li>
<li>Rhoads, Sean; McCorkie, Brooke (2018). Japan's Green Monsters: Environmental Commentary in Kaiju Cinema. McFarland. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781476663906.</li>
<li>Ryfle, Steve (1998). <a href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl">Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G</a>. ECW Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781550223484.</li>
<li>Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). Ishiro Honda: A Life in Film, from Godzilla to Kurosawa. Wesleyan University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8195-7087-1.</li>
<li>Solomon, Brian (2017). Godzilla FAQ: All That's Left to Know about the King of the Monsters. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781495045684.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Tomoyuki_Tanaka/1AM1kKbX">Tanaka, Tomoyuki</a> (1983). 東宝特撮映画全史 [The Complete History of Toho Special Effects Movies] (in Japanese). Toho Publishing Business Office. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 4-924609-00-5.</li>
<li>Tsutsui, William M. (2003). Godzilla on My Mind: Fifty Years of the King of Monsters. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1403964742.</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Godzilla.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Godzilla (franchise).

<ul><li><a href="https://godzilla.com">Official Godzilla website</a> by <a href="/facts/Toho/uKLDF4vP">Toho Co., Ltd</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.toho.co.jp/">Official website</a> of Toho Co., Ltd (Japanese)</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170511111057/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0005212/">Godzilla</a> on <a href="/facts/IMDb/uWrqVYVy">IMDb</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Japanese: ゴジラ, Hepburn: Gojira; IPA: [ɡoꜜʑiɾa] ⓘ <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" target="_blank">/wiki/Japanese_language</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Williams, Owen (March 3, 2021). "An Essential Guide To All The Godzilla Movies". Empire. Archived from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022. <a href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/godzilla-movie-guide/" target="_blank">https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/godzilla-movie-guide/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Souder, William (2012); On a Farther Shore - The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson. Broadway Books, New York, 496 pp. ISBN 978-0-307-46221-3 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Merchant, Brian (August 25, 2013). "A Brief History of Godzilla, Our Never-Ending Nuclear Nightmare". Vice. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2022. <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-brief-history-of-godzilla-our-never-ending-nuclear-nightmare/" target="_blank">https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-brief-history-of-godzilla-our-never-ending-nuclear-nightmare/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Eric Milzarski (December 12, 2018). "How Godzilla films were actually a metaphor for how postwar Japan saw the world". We Are the Mighty. <a href="https://www.wearethemighty.com/entertainment/godzilla-films-japanese-metaphor" target="_blank">https://www.wearethemighty.com/entertainment/godzilla-films-japanese-metaphor</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Is Godzilla a metaphor for the United States?". Fox News. October 13, 2016. <a href="https://video.foxnews.com/v/5166986165001#sp=show-clips" target="_blank">https://video.foxnews.com/v/5166986165001#sp=show-clips</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Ambrosia Viramontes Brody (January 23, 2012). "Trojans explore the fantastic aspects of reality". USC News. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112195639/https://news.usc.edu/32825/trojans-explore-the-fantastic-aspects-of-reality/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201112195639/https://news.usc.edu/32825/trojans-explore-the-fantastic-aspects-of-reality/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Barr 2016, p. 83. - Barr, Jason (2016). The Kaiju Film: A Critical Study of Cinema's Biggest Monsters. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786499632. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Robbie Collin (May 13, 2014). "Gareth Edwards interview: 'I wanted Godzilla to reflect the questions raised by Fukushima'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2016. <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10820543/Gareth-Edwards-interview-I-wanted-Godzilla-to-reflect-the-questions-raised-by-Fukushima.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10820543/Gareth-Edwards-interview-I-wanted-Godzilla-to-reflect-the-questions-raised-by-Fukushima.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Godzilla, King of the Monsters (vol. 1) #1 (Marvel Comics, 1977) <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Godzilla, King of the Monsters (vol. 1) #20 (Marvel Comics, 1979) <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Godzilla, King of the Monsters (vol. 1) #23 (Marvel Comics, 1979) <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Justice League vs. Godzilla vs. Kong(vol. 1) #1 (DC Comics and Legendary Comics, 2023) <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Justice League vs. Godzilla vs. Kong(vol. 1) #1 (DC Comics and Legendary Comics, 2023) <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Justice League vs. Godzilla vs. Kong(vol. 1) #5 (DC Comics and Legendary Comics, 2024) <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Ragone 2007, p. 35. - Ragone, August (2007). Eiji Tsuburaya: Master of Monsters. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-6078-9. <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Ryfle 1998, p. 23. - Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 9781550223484. <a href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Gojira Media". Godzila Gojimm. Toho Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711103915/http://www.godzillaondvd.com/mediapageloads/still05.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110711103915/http://www.godzillaondvd.com/mediapageloads/still05.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Satoshi Yamaguchi, April 2013, ゴジラ誕生物語, p.20, Bunken Shuppan <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E7%90%86" target="_blank">https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E7%90%86</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Ryfle 1998, p. 23. - Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 9781550223484. <a href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Ryfle 1998, p. 23. - Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 9781550223484. <a href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 88. - Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). Ishiro Honda: A Life in Film, from Godzilla to Kurosawa. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-7087-1. <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"キネマ旬報: Issues 1109-1112" [Kinema Junpo: Issues 1109-1112]. Kinema Junpo (in Japanese). No. 1109–1112. 1993. p. 119. Retrieved May 14, 2023 – via Google Books. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41YaAQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=41YaAQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 88. - Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). Ishiro Honda: A Life in Film, from Godzilla to Kurosawa. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-7087-1. <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 88. - Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). Ishiro Honda: A Life in Film, from Godzilla to Kurosawa. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-7087-1. <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">"文藝春秋: Volume 62" [Bungei Shunjū: Volume 62]. Bungei Shunjū (in Japanese). Vol. 62. November 1984. p. 83. Retrieved May 14, 2023 – via Google Books. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C0s4AAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=C0s4AAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"キネマ旬報: Issues 1109-1112" [Kinema Junpo: Issues 1109-1112]. Kinema Junpo (in Japanese). No. 1109–1112. 1993. p. 119. Retrieved May 14, 2023 – via Google Books. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41YaAQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=41YaAQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"文藝春秋: Volume 62" [Bungei Shunjū: Volume 62]. Bungei Shunjū (in Japanese). Vol. 62. November 1984. p. 83. Retrieved May 14, 2023 – via Google Books. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C0s4AAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=C0s4AAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"キネマ旬報: Issues 1109-1112" [Kinema Junpo: Issues 1109-1112]. Kinema Junpo (in Japanese). No. 1109–1112. 1993. p. 119. Retrieved May 14, 2023 – via Google Books. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41YaAQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=41YaAQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Ryfle 1998, p. 23. - Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 9781550223484. <a href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 89. - Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). Ishiro Honda: A Life in Film, from Godzilla to Kurosawa. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-7087-1. <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Ryfle 1998, p. 22. - Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 9781550223484. <a href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 89. - Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). Ishiro Honda: A Life in Film, from Godzilla to Kurosawa. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-7087-1. <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"CHRONICLE". Hawaii Tribune-Herald. November 20, 1955. p. 5. Retrieved May 14, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/556515405/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/556515405/</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Ryfle 1998, p. 74. - Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 9781550223484. <a href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Peter Bradshaw (October 14, 2005). "Godzilla | Culture". The Guardian. London. Retrieved September 25, 2013. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2005/oct/14/6" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2005/oct/14/6</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Biondi, R, "The Evolution of Godzilla – G-Suit Variations Throughout the Monster King's Twenty-One Films", G-Fan #16, July/August 1995 <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Greenberger, R. (2005). Meet Godzilla. Rosen Pub. Group. p. 15. ISBN 1404202692 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Kishikawa, O. (1994), Godzilla First, 1954 ~ 1955, Big Japanese Painting, ASIN B0014M3KJ6 <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Kravets, David (November 24, 2008). "Think Godzilla's Scary? Meet His Lawyers". Wired. Retrieved May 21, 2013. <a href="https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/11/godzilla-terror/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/11/godzilla-terror/</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">Snider, Mike (August 29, 2006). "Godzilla arouses atomic terror". USA Today. Retrieved May 30, 2013. <a href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2006-08-28-godzilla-dvd_x.htm" target="_blank">http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2006-08-28-godzilla-dvd_x.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Tsutsui 2003, p. 23. - Tsutsui, William M. (2003). Godzilla on My Mind: Fifty Years of the King of Monsters. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1403964742. <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">"Gojira". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved June 2, 2013. <a href="https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/384918" target="_blank">https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/384918</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Making of the Godzilla Suit!. Ed Godziszewski. YouTube (December 24, 2010) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfSARjZ0OXc" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfSARjZ0OXc</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">Tsutsui 2003, p. 12. - Tsutsui, William M. (2003). Godzilla on My Mind: Fifty Years of the King of Monsters. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1403964742. <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">Tanaka, Tomoyuki (1984) [July 15, 1984]. Definitive Edition Godzilla Introduction (14th ed.). Shogakukan (published November 20, 1996). pp. 18, 30, 117, 120. ISBN 4-09-220142-7. <a href="4-09-220142-7" target="_blank">4-09-220142-7</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">Ryfle 1998, p. 336. - Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 9781550223484. <a href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">Harris, Aisha (May 16, 2014). "Is Godzilla Male or Female?". Slate. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2018. <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2014/05/godzilla-male-or-female-what-gender-is-the-movie-monster.html" target="_blank">https://slate.com/culture/2014/05/godzilla-male-or-female-what-gender-is-the-movie-monster.html</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">Scott, Ryan (December 31, 2024). "Godzilla's Gender: Is The Iconic Kaiju Male Or Female?". /Film. Archived from the original on January 1, 2025. Retrieved January 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.slashfilm.com/1746895/godzilla-gender-kaiju-male-female/" target="_blank">https://www.slashfilm.com/1746895/godzilla-gender-kaiju-male-female/</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">Scott, Ryan (December 31, 2024). "Godzilla's Gender: Is The Iconic Kaiju Male Or Female?". /Film. Archived from the original on January 1, 2025. Retrieved January 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.slashfilm.com/1746895/godzilla-gender-kaiju-male-female/" target="_blank">https://www.slashfilm.com/1746895/godzilla-gender-kaiju-male-female/</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster (1964). Directed by Ishirō Honda. Toho. <a href="/wiki/Ghidorah,_the_Three-Headed_Monster" target="_blank">/wiki/Ghidorah,_the_Three-Headed_Monster</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">Godzilla: Unleashed – Godzilla 2000 character profile <a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Unleashed" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla:_Unleashed</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">Schaefer, Mark (November 2004). "Godzilla Stomps into Los Angeles". Penny Blood. Archived from the original on February 3, 2005. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050203181104/http://www.pennyblood.com/godzilla2.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20050203181104/http://www.pennyblood.com/godzilla2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">The Return of Godzilla (1985). Directed by Koji Hashimoto. Toho <a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Godzilla" target="_blank">/wiki/The_Return_of_Godzilla</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">Milliron, K. & Eggleton, B. (1998), Godzilla Likes to Roar!, Random House Books for Young Readers, ISBN 0679891250 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">Tanaka, Tomoyuki (1984) [July 15, 1984]. Definitive Edition Godzilla Introduction (14th ed.). Shogakukan (published November 20, 1996). pp. 18, 30, 117, 120. ISBN 4-09-220142-7. <a href="4-09-220142-7" target="_blank">4-09-220142-7</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">Schaefer, Mark (November 2004). "Godzilla Stomps into Los Angeles". Penny Blood. Archived from the original on February 3, 2005. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050203181104/http://www.pennyblood.com/godzilla2.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20050203181104/http://www.pennyblood.com/godzilla2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">Tanaka, Tomoyuki (1984) [July 15, 1984]. Definitive Edition Godzilla Introduction (14th ed.). Shogakukan (published November 20, 1996). pp. 18, 30, 117, 120. ISBN 4-09-220142-7. <a href="4-09-220142-7" target="_blank">4-09-220142-7</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">Scott, Ryan (April 18, 2019). "Godzilla Blasts His Atomic Breath in Stunning King of the Monsters Poster". MovieWeb. Retrieved July 10, 2019. <a href="https://movieweb.com/godzilla-king-of-the-monsters-poster-2/" target="_blank">https://movieweb.com/godzilla-king-of-the-monsters-poster-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">An Anatomical Guide to Monsters, Shoji Otomo, 1967 <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">Interview with Haruo Nakajima. Godzilla – Criterion Collection 2012 Blu-ray/DVD Release. <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">The Art of Suit Acting – Classic Media Godzilla Raids Again DVD featurette <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Raids_Again" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla_Raids_Again</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">An Anatomical Guide to Monsters, Shoji Otomo, 1967 <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">Tanaka, Tomoyuki (1984) [July 15, 1984]. Definitive Edition Godzilla Introduction (14th ed.). Shogakukan (published November 20, 1996). pp. 18, 30, 117, 120. ISBN 4-09-220142-7. <a href="4-09-220142-7" target="_blank">4-09-220142-7</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">Godzilla 2000 (1999). Directed by Takao Okawara. Toho. <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_2000" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla_2000</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:66">Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters (2017) <a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Planet_of_the_Monsters" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla:_Planet_of_the_Monsters</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah (1991). Directed by Kazuki Ōmori. Toho <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._King_Ghidorah" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla_vs._King_Ghidorah</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla (1974). Directed by Jun Fukuda. Toho <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Mechagodzilla" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Mechagodzilla</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">Godzilla vs. Biollante (1989). Directed by Kazuki Ōmori. Toho <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Biollante" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Biollante</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:70">Godzilla: Destroy All Monsters Melee (2002). Pipeworks Software <a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Destroy_All_Monsters_Melee" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla:_Destroy_All_Monsters_Melee</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:71">Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle (2018) <a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_City_on_the_Edge_of_Battle" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla:_City_on_the_Edge_of_Battle</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:72">Godzilla Singular Point, Episode 9 (2021) <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Singular_Point" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla_Singular_Point</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:73">CR Godzilla Pachinko (2006). Newgin <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:74">Zone Fighter (1973). Directed by Ishirō Honda et al. Toho <a href="/wiki/Zone_Fighter" target="_blank">/wiki/Zone_Fighter</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:75">Godzilla (1978 TV series) (1978). Directed by Ray Patterson and Carl Urbano. Hanna-Barbera Productions <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(1978_TV_series)" target="_blank">/wiki/Godzilla_(1978_TV_series)</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:143">"Godzilla Genealogy Bop" – MST3K season 2, episode 13, aired February 2, 1991 <a href="#fnref:143" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:145">Martha T. Moore. "Godzilla Meets Barkley on MTV". USA Today. September 9, 1992. 1.B. <a href="#fnref:145" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:150">Kalat 2010, p. 92. - Kalat, David (2010). A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series (second ed.). McFarland. ISBN 9780786447497. <a href="#fnref:150" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:156">Toho sues Subway over unauthorized Godzilla ads, The Japan Times (April 18, 2008) <a href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/04/18/news/toho-sues-subway-over-unauthorized-godzilla-ads/" target="_blank">http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/04/18/news/toho-sues-subway-over-unauthorized-godzilla-ads/</a> <a href="#fnref:156" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:159">Gojira htm Biography and Band at the Gauntlet, The Gauntlet <a href="http://www.thegauntlet.com/bio/1611/Gojira.html" target="_blank">http://www.thegauntlet.com/bio/1611/Gojira.html</a> <a href="#fnref:159" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

Godzilla open-in-new

Godzilla