Pruitt was born in San Francisco on April 25, 1918; her parents were Ethel Lord and Conrad Douglas Pruitt. She first became interested in geography while serving as the driver for a field trip with her older sister. She has a B.A. (1940) and an M.A. (1943) from the University of California, Los Angeles. She started work for the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1942, and was the first woman to attain the rank of 'professional' in the organization.
Pruitt retired from the Office of Naval Research in 1973, by which time she was the highest ranking woman scientist in the United States Navy. She remained active after retirement, and in 1975, Pruitt served as chair of the Coastal Society's first conference, and in 1977 she served as the second president of the Coastal Society.
She died of pneumonia on January 19, 2000.
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