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(528219) 2008 KV42
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<h2 id="discovery-and-naming">Discovery and naming</h2> <p>The discovery of 2008 KV42 was announced on 16 July 2008 by the <a href="/facts/Canada%25E2%2580%2593France_Ecliptic_Plane_Survey/R4tIAzYJ">Canada–France Ecliptic Plane Survey</a> team led by <a href="/facts/Brett_Gladman/ft36fmFH">Brett Gladman</a> from the <a href="/facts/University_of_British_Columbia/8QCl5YGd">University of British Columbia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The announcement was made during the "Asteroids, Comets, Meteors" meeting held in <a href="/facts/Baltimore/ncJvTzBU">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/facts/Maryland/tVy9fC1n">Maryland</a>, followed by a <a href="/facts/Minor_Planet_Electronic_Circular/v8T7sdK4">Minor Planet Electronic Circular</a> on the same day and an <a href="/facts/Central_Bureau_for_Astronomical_Telegrams/CYNyI3QW">IAU Circular</a> on 18 July. The discovery was made using images obtained on 31 May from the 3.5-meter <a href="/facts/Canada-France-Hawaii_Telescope/huj8fgn2">Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope</a>, followed by further observations until 8 July from the <a href="/facts/Fred_Lawrence_Whipple_Observatory/jnjc0aD4">Whipple Observatory</a> and <a href="/facts/Cerro_Tololo_Inter-American_Observatory/LaweAISv">Cerro Tololo</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>The discovery team nicknamed 2008 KV42 <i>Drac</i> because of its high <a href="/facts/Orbital_inclination/TQCFWyfd">inclination</a> in reference to its <a href="/facts/Orbital_plane/xPdMmVKP">orbital plane</a> resembling <a href="/facts/Count_Dracula/L0r44SMH">Count Dracula</a>'s ability to walk on walls.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="orbit">Orbit</h2> <p>2008 KV42 is the first <a href="/facts/Trans-Neptunian_object/oF5vsbz9">trans-Neptunian object</a> (TNO) with a <a href="/facts/Retrograde_and_prograde_motion/1HCbwQqy">retrograde orbit</a> to be discovered. With a <a href="/facts/Semi-major_axis/l7JES2wo">semi-major axis</a> of 41.7 <a href="/facts/Astronomical_unit/gjsbu5xU">AU</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> it was discovered while at a distance of 32 AU and has a <a href="/facts/Perihelion/VaL6ow9w">perihelion</a> at roughly the distance of <a href="/facts/Uranus/x7YwT1ar">Uranus</a>. </p><p>The object's 103<a href="/facts/Degree_(angle)/f48Ns8SX">°</a> <a href="/facts/Inclination/TQCFWyfd">inclination</a> makes its almost perpendicular to the <a href="/facts/Ecliptic/cJxXDDDW">ecliptic</a>, and is, as of July 2017, one of only six objects known to have inclination and perihelion larger than 60° and 15 AU, respectively. The other five are: <a href="/facts/2002_XU93/Ad9hhrxs">2002 XU93</a>, <a href="/facts/2007_BP102/KQrY5na1">2007 BP102</a>, <a href="/facts/2010_WG9/DQCR4mUP">2010 WG9</a>, <a href="/facts/471325_Taowu/xw94t5jx">471325 Taowu</a>, and <a href="/facts/2014_LM28/mJqdXFKL">2014 LM28</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>Its unusual orbit suggests that 2008 KV42 may have been perturbed inwards from its source, most likely in the <a href="/facts/Hills_cloud/gQDyNasP">Hills cloud</a>, by an unknown gravitational disturbance. Its discovery may reveal the source regions for Halley-type comets which also have an retrograde orbit, but their origin remains unknown. 2008 KV42 itself is believed to be in an intermediate stage towards becoming a comet, thus helping to further explain the <a href="/facts/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System/cgElXHpM">formation and evolution of the outer Solar System</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h3>Planet Nine</h3> <p>2008 KV42 may even provide evidence of <a href="/facts/Planet_Nine/n1egumts">Planet Nine</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Kozai_effect/KujDlqLG">Kozai effect</a> inside the <a href="/facts/Mean-motion_resonance/eQLMfBWu">mean-motion resonances</a> with Planet Nine may cause a periodic exchange between its inclination and its eccentricity. When the elongated perpendicular <a href="/facts/Centaur_(minor_planet)/jXpnm7dv">centaurs</a> get too close to a <a href="/facts/Giant_planet/PjSfFuUF">giant planet</a>, orbits such as that of 2008 KV42 are created.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_trans-Neptunian_objects/6UfDjc7z">List of trans-Neptunian objects</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/471325_Taowu/xw94t5jx">471325 Taowu</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=2008KV42&pc=1.1.0">(528219) 2008 KV42</a> at <i>AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site</i> <ul><li><a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=2008KV42&pc=1.1.3.0">Ephemeris</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=2008KV42&pc=1.1.4.0">Observation prediction</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=2008KV42&pc=1.1.1">Orbital info</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=2008KV42&pc=1.1.6">Proper elements</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=2008KV42&pc=1.1.7.0">Observational info</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=20528219">(528219) 2008 KV42</a> at the <i><a href="/facts/JPL_Small-Body_Database/YQQLDXng">JPL Small-Body Database</a></i> <ul><li><a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=20528219&view=C">Close approach</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=20528219&view=D">Discovery</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=20528219">Ephemeris</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=20528219&view=V">Orbit viewer</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=20528219&view=O">Orbit parameters</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=20528219&view=P">Physical parameters</a></li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Gladman, B.; Kavelaars, J.; Petit, J. -M.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Parker, J.; Coffey, J.; et al. (June 2009). "Discovery of the First Retrograde Transneptunian Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 697 (2): L91 – L94. Bibcode:2009ApJ...697L..91G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/L91. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F697%2F2%2FL91" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F697%2F2%2FL91</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Hecht, Jeff (5 September 2008). "Distant object found orbiting Sun backwards". newscientist.com. New Scientist. Retrieved 30 July 2021. <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14669-distant-object-found-orbiting-sun-backwards/" target="_blank">https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14669-distant-object-found-orbiting-sun-backwards/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"MPEC 2008-O02 : 2008 KV42". Minor Planet Center. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2021. <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/mpec/K08/K08O02.html" target="_blank">https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/mpec/K08/K08O02.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Circular No. 8960". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. 18 July 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2021. <a href="http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08900/08960.html" target="_blank">http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08900/08960.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>O'Neill, Ian (5 September 2008). "Kuiper Belt Object Travelling the Wrong-Way in a One-Way Solar System". universetoday.com. Universe Today. Retrieved 30 July 2021. <a href="http://www.universetoday.com/17712/kuiper-belt-object-travelling-the-wrong-way-in-a-one-way-solar-system/" target="_blank">http://www.universetoday.com/17712/kuiper-belt-object-travelling-the-wrong-way-in-a-one-way-solar-system/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 528219 (2008 KV42)" (2020-08-12 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 30 July 2021. <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2528219" target="_blank">https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2528219</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"MPC list of q>15 and i>60 (HiHq objects)". IAU Minor Planet Center. (a 7th object appears to be removed, 2010 TH192) <a href="http://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_by_properties?perihelion_distance_min=15&inclination_min=60" target="_blank">http://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_by_properties?perihelion_distance_min=15&inclination_min=60</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: i > 60 (deg) and q > 15 (AU)". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved 29 May 2013. <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;combine_mode=AND;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bj;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=60;c2_group=ORB;c2_item=Bi;c2_op=%3E;c2_value=15;table_format=HTML;max_rows=50;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsCkCqAiBq;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=combine_mode;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcA" target="_blank">https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;combine_mode=AND;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bj;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=60;c2_group=ORB;c2_item=Bi;c2_op=%3E;c2_value=15;table_format=HTML;max_rows=50;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsCkCqAiBq;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=combine_mode;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcA</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Discovery of the retrograde trans-neptunian object 2008 KV42". cfeps.net. Canada France Ecliptic Plane Survey. 2008. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140730013513/http://www.cfeps.net/KV42_Press.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140730013513/http://www.cfeps.net/KV42_Press.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Announcements – International Team of Astronomers Finds Missing Link". nrc.cnrc.gc.ca. National Research Council. 4 September 2008. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225100313/http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/news/hia/2008/09/04/asteroid-2008kv42.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20131225100313/http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/news/hia/2008/09/04/asteroid-2008kv42.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Gladman, B.; Kavelaars, J.; Petit, J. -M.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Parker, J.; Coffey, J.; et al. (June 2009). "Discovery of the First Retrograde Transneptunian Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 697 (2): L91 – L94. Bibcode:2009ApJ...697L..91G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/L91. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F697%2F2%2FL91" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F697%2F2%2FL91</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Batygin, Konstantin; Brown, Michael E. (February 2016). "Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (2): 22. arXiv:1601.05438. Bibcode:2016AJ....151...22B. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/2/22. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 2701020. (called drac in reference) <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F0004-6256%2F151%2F2%2F22" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F0004-6256%2F151%2F2%2F22</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Brown, Mike (12 February 2016). "Why I believe in Planet Nine". www.findplanetnine.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" target="_blank">/wiki/Michael_E._Brown</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>