Peter Igneus

<h2 id="life">Life</h2>
Pietro Igneo was born to a noble family in <a href="/facts/Florence/Mx0uhNma">Florence</a>. He was a relative to <a href="/facts/John_Gualbert/xCS1Ivm7">John Gualbert</a>, and the uncle of <a href="/facts/Bernardo_degli_Uberti/PYQKEw9U">Bernardo degli Uberti</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> He had at least one sibling.
Pietro entered the <a href="/facts/Order_of_Saint_Benedict/wPDY4zrT">Order of Saint Benedict</a> in 1018 as a monk.
Bishop Pietro Mezzobarbo had been accused of simoniacal acquisition of the episcopal dignities. Mezzobarbo denied these charges to the utmost and had numerous and prominent supporters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> This accusation turned into conflict and intense agitation in Florence. The <a href="/facts/Vallombrosians/dXqRjtbG">Vallombrosian</a> monks were his chief accusers and upon the insistence of the people for proof the judgment of God - or a trial through fire - was resorted to settle the matter. The abbot (and his relative) John Gualbert designated for the test Pietro who underwent the ordeal on 23 February 1068 (he succeeded) and was hence called "Igneo" which meant "fire-tried". This triumph of the monks led to a confession on the part of the bishop.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>
Igneo soon became the abbot for San Salvatore in Fucecchio and he held that position until 1081. In 1072 he was designated as a cardinal and <a href="/facts/Pope_Alexander_II/qgKcKbul">Pope Alexander II</a> named him <a href="/facts/Cardinal-Bishop_of_Albano/axPf7AtY">Cardinal-Bishop of Albano</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Igneo attended the October 1072 consecration of the church of Santi Donato e Nicola in Albano while he himself consecrated the church of San Miniatis in Rubbicana on 7 February 1077.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
He cooperated with <a href="/facts/Pope_Gregory_VII/67umWBjf">Pope Gregory VII</a> to repress simony and reform church discipline.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> Gregory VII entrusted him with several important missions: in 1079 he served as a <a href="/facts/Papal_legate/pHmzU23a">papal legate</a> in the German kingdom with the <a href="/facts/Bishop_of_Padua/2Kgu4mW2">Bishop of Padua</a> to mediate between the <a href="/facts/Emperor_Henry_IV/gqcUM71B">Emperor Henry IV</a> and <a href="/facts/Rudolf_of_Swabia/I0JBTWqA">Rudolf of Swabia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> Upon the renewal of the excommunication against the emperor at <a href="/facts/Salerno/zqTIXxJk">Salerno</a> in 1084 he was designated - at <a href="/facts/Pope_Gregory_VII/67umWBjf">Pope Gregory VII's</a> behest - as one of the two legates sent to <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a> for the promulgation of the sentence. He is mentioned in the <a href="/facts/Papal_bull/rddm96cW">papal bull</a> of <a href="/facts/Pope_Urban_II/AwzWKQFm">Pope Urban II</a> on 8 July 1089 and is attested for the last time in the papal curia in September 1089.
Igneo served as a co-consecrator for the <a href="/facts/Episcopal_consecration/n2QGsDWx">episcopal consecration</a> of the new <a href="/facts/Pope_Victor_III/IQJVIjlp">Pope Victor III</a> in 1087. He participated in the conclaves held <a href="/facts/Papal_election%2c_1086/4tBVDpt7">in 1086</a> and <a href="/facts/Papal_election%2c_1088/8VPeV6W1">in 1088</a>.
He died on 11 November 1089.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a>: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Blessed Peter Igneus". <a href="/facts/Catholic_Encyclopedia/GKufVzBf">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>H.W. Klewitz, Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg, Darmstadt 1957, p. 116 no. 9.</li>
<li>R. Hüls, Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130, Tübingen 1977, p. 90-91.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5370">Catholic Online</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40080">Santi e Beati</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.catholic.hierarchy.org/bishop/baldopi.html">Catholic Hierarchy</a></li></ul>
<ul>
<li>Saints portal</li><li>Biography portal</li><li>Catholicism portal</li><li>History portal</li><li>Italy portal</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">&quot;Blessed Peter Igneus&quot;. Santi e Beati. Retrieved 25 September 2017. <a href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40080" target="_blank">http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40080</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Miranda, Salvador. &quot;ALDOBRANDINI, O.S.B.Vall., Pietro Igneo (?-1089)&quot;. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC&nbsp;53276621. Retrieved December 29, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)" target="_blank">/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Miranda, Salvador. &quot;ALDOBRANDINI, O.S.B.Vall., Pietro Igneo (?-1089)&quot;. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC&nbsp;53276621. Retrieved December 29, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)" target="_blank">/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">&quot;Blessed Peter Igneus&quot;. Saints SQPN. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2017. <a href="https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-peter-igneus" target="_blank">https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-peter-igneus</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Miranda, Salvador. &quot;ALDOBRANDINI, O.S.B.Vall., Pietro Igneo (?-1089)&quot;. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC&nbsp;53276621. Retrieved December 29, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)" target="_blank">/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Weber, Nicholas. &quot;Blessed Peter Igneus.&quot; The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 11 February 2019 <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11768c.htm" target="_blank">http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11768c.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Weber, Nicholas. &quot;Blessed Peter Igneus.&quot; The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 11 February 2019 <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11768c.htm" target="_blank">http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11768c.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Miranda, Salvador. &quot;ALDOBRANDINI, O.S.B.Vall., Pietro Igneo (?-1089)&quot;. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC&nbsp;53276621. Retrieved December 29, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)" target="_blank">/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Monks of Ramsgate. &quot;Peter Igneus&quot;, Book of Saints, A. &amp; C. Black Ltd., 1921 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hpfmCgAAQBAJ&dq=st+peter+igneus&pg=PT872" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=hpfmCgAAQBAJ&dq=st+peter+igneus&pg=PT872</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Weber, Nicholas. &quot;Blessed Peter Igneus.&quot; The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 11 February 2019 <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11768c.htm" target="_blank">http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11768c.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Peter Igneus open-in-new

Peter Igneus