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Iren Dabasu Formation
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<h2 id="geology">Geology</h2> <p>It comprises continental clastic sediments consisting of light grey fine <a href="/facts/Sandstone/RP8B6fqL">sandstones</a>, coarse sandstones and <a href="/facts/Glutenite/llpnLX76">glutenites</a> as well as mottled <a href="/facts/Claystone/WhYRS8Dh">claystones</a> and <a href="/facts/Siltstone/sI119qT3">siltstones</a>. The fine-grained floodplain sediments and the coarse-grained sediments of the point bar formed a series of repeated frequently binary sedimentary rhythms. The “binary structure” of the sedimentary rhythms strongly indicates meandering stream deposits rather than braided river deposits as previously thought.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> As indicated by the fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation, the Iren Dabasu Formation was a large <a href="/facts/Floodplain/EUKqIbj5">floodplain</a> terrain with <a href="/facts/Braided_river/f3vSC2za">braided rivers</a> and <a href="/facts/Meanders/XIGCmCq9">meanders</a> that supported extensive vegetation, evidenced on the prominent <a href="/facts/Palaeosol/K5jzLBxf">palaeosol</a> development and the numerous remains from <a href="/facts/Herbivorous/me4YFdQA">herbivorous</a> dinosaurs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Egg nests, <a href="/facts/Caliche/MATKYcUo">caliche</a> and <a href="/facts/Paleosols/K5jzLBxf">paleosols</a> seem to indicate periodic subaerial intervals, in addition, the presence of <a href="/facts/Plesiosaur/Tbfbj8kH">plesiosaur</a> and <a href="/facts/Hybodont/3u2ESMbm">hybodont</a> shark remains (which are also known in the Bayan Shireh Formation) are indicatives of a river system with connections to the ocean.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="correlations">Correlations</h2> <p>Based on the <a href="/facts/Ostracod/q7ejFS5I">ostracod</a> and <a href="/facts/Charophyta/pIudJKKj">charophyte</a> assemblages of the Iren Dabasu Formation, Itterbeeck et al. 2005 suggested a potential correlation with those of the <a href="/facts/Nemegt_Formation/1F8PjAso">Nemegt Formation</a>, making its age Late <a href="/facts/Campanian/MoPSxcqL">Campanian</a> to Early <a href="/facts/Maastrichtian/xRBafamu">Maastrichtian</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> However, vertebrates point to an older date than the Campanian-Maastrichtian ages, the supposed deposition of ostracods were likely due to climatic conditions rather than age.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> The turtle <i><a href="/facts/Khunnuchelys/tqn5cTjS">Khunnuchelys</a></i> is known from both Iren Dabasu and Bayan Shireh equivalent units such as the <a href="/facts/Bostobe_Formation/Xthc0NSg">Bostobe</a> and <a href="/facts/Bissekty_Formation/eXqj0d0d">Bissekty</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> In addition, a giant caenagnathid similar to <i><a href="/facts/Gigantoraptor/nGoVWf7R">Gigantoraptor</a></i> is now known from the <a href="/facts/Bayan_Shireh_Formation/Evv9eqfn">Bayan Shireh Formation</a> at the locality of Tsagan Teg.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Like the coeval Bayan Shireh Formation (and possibly <a href="/facts/Javkhlant_Formation/MPyqPfPP">Javkhlant Formation</a>) in the <a href="/facts/Gobi_Desert/Cgrf8RPQ">Gobi Desert</a>, the dinosaur fauna of the Iren Dabasu Formation includes <a href="/facts/Tyrannosauroids/sIUowTnq">tyrannosauroids</a>, <a href="/facts/Ornithomimids/8jyWktbk">ornithomimids</a>, <a href="/facts/Therizinosaurs/0nRMf3uj">therizinosaurs</a> and <a href="/facts/Oviraptorosaurs/C6puS7KW">oviraptorosaurs</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>However, strong evidence coming from <a href="/facts/Biostratigraphic/AzdPX12G">biostratigraphic</a> occurrences seems to support a correlation with the Bayan Shireh Formation, at least, with the upper boundary. For instance, both formations bear similar dinosaur taxa, such as therizinosaurs (<i><a href="/facts/Erlikosaurus/67rPXa3J">Erlikosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Segnosaurus/rLqEsWsd">Segnosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Erliansaurus/xceN0zg6">Erliansaurus</a></i> or <i><a href="/facts/Neimongosaurus/KpUdNoaP">Neimongosaurus</a></i>) and ornithomimosaurs (<i><a href="/facts/Garudimimus/l11N1d4e">Garudimimus</a></i> or <i><a href="/facts/Archaeornithomimus/BVh6I1WV">Archaeornithomimus</a></i>), these similarities are even more intensified by the discovery of <i><a href="/facts/Gigantoraptor/nGoVWf7R">Gigantoraptor</a></i> and the giant unnamed caenagnathid from Bayan Shireh. In addition, the potential discovery of <i><a href="/facts/Alectrosaurus/mu86z2XB">Alectrosaurus</a></i> in both formations seems to be another indicative of a correlation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Consequently, Averianov and Sues estimated the formation to be Santonian in age, roughly about 86 million and 83 million years ago.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> However, palynological correlations suggest a <a href="/facts/Maastrichtian/xRBafamu">Maastrichtian</a> age.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Guo et al. <a href="/facts/2018_in_paleontology/qJKwtqpE">2018</a> supported a <a href="/facts/Late_Cretaceous/pcHa4fBg">Late Cretaceous</a> age based on <a href="/facts/U%E2%80%93Pb_measurements/LMCJBhrQ">U–Pb</a> and <a href="/facts/Paleomagnetism/kDwUXDX5">paleomagnetic</a> analyses, with a maximum depositional age of around 95.8 ± 6.2 <a href="/facts/Million_years_ago/DXcnXuAw">million years ago</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> A 2022 study describing new ornithomimosaurian material, however, suggested that while the vertebrate faunal assemblage indicates that the age of the formation is likely <a href="/facts/Turonian/24S6FAQk">Turonian</a> based on its similarity to the <a href="/facts/Bissekty_Formation/eXqj0d0d">Bissekty Formation</a> of <a href="/facts/Uzbekistan/o8wfw2xR">Uzbekistan</a>, the invertebrate faunal assemblage indicates a much later age (<a href="/facts/Campanian/MoPSxcqL">Campanian</a>-<a href="/facts/Maastrichtian/xRBafamu">Maastrichtian</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="fossil-content">Fossil content</h2> <p>The Iren Dabasu Formation is rich on dinosaur fauna, with multiple species described, in the other hand, mammals seem to be extremely absent. Compared, the fossil taxa between Iren Dabasu and Bayan Shireh are very similar, most notably <a href="/facts/Therizinosaurs/0nRMf3uj">therizinosaurs</a>, <a href="/facts/Tyrannosauroids/sIUowTnq">tyrannosauroids</a>, <a href="/facts/Oviraptorosaurs/C6puS7KW">oviraptorosaurs</a> and <a href="/facts/Turtles/X0ImnxYt">turtles</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Although <i>Gigantoraptor</i> is the only described oviraptorosaur from the formation, Funston et al. 2019 described a new avimimid bonebed containing numerous individuals at different growth stages. Nevertheless, the fossils lacked enough diagnosis to be confined to a separate genus and species.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Deinonychosaurs/mSuUHxz8">Deinonychosaurs</a> are not very common across the formation, however an indeterminate troodontid about the size of <i><a href="/facts/Saurornithoides/xhQ6882W">Saurornithoides</a></i> is known from three isolated specimens.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> An isolated humerus of a <a href="/facts/Pterosaur/YNQwa1ru">pterosaur</a> has also been found in this formation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr><tr><td>Color key<table><tbody><tr><td><a href="/facts/Taxon/caQC1e87">Taxon</a></td><td>Reclassified taxon</td><td>Taxon falsely reported as present</td><td>Dubious taxon or junior synonym</td><td><a href="/facts/Ichnotaxon/edWeWT20">Ichnotaxon</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ootaxon/nH5XHNRS">Ootaxon</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Morphotaxon/zWsaRMUe">Morphotaxon</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td></td><td>Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Dinosaurs</h3> <h4>Ornithopods</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Ornithopods/HpWlQsXI">Ornithopods</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Bactrosaurus/QG5LDKmq">Bactrosaurus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>B. johnsoni</i></p></td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Cranial and postcranial material represented by more than eight specimens."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Hadrosauroid/FJ49JytU">hadrosauroid</a>.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Gilmoreosaurus/KSUqjWeu">Gilmoreosaurus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>G. mongoliensis</i></p></td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Partial cranial and postcranial elements represented by more than ten specimens".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A hadrosauroid originally identified as <i><a href="/facts/Mandschurosaurus/feMJCl3V">Mandschurosaurus</a></i>.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Spheroolithus/Ff3ty0tX">Spheroolithus</a></i></p></td><td><p><i>S. irenensis</i></p></td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Egg fossils."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></p></td><td>Eggs shells attributed to <i>Spheroolithus</i>.</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Sauropods</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Sauropods/8Iqh2yEJ">Sauropods</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Sonidosaurus/n3R9T96G">Sonidosaurus</a></i></p></td><td><i>S. saihangaobiensis</i></td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Numerous cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae and some postcranial elements."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Titanosaur/QzkgrcQR">titanosaur</a>.</p></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Theropods</h4> <h5>Ornithomimids</h5> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Ornithomimids/8jyWktbk">Ornithomimids</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Taxon</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Archaeornithomimus/BVh6I1WV">Archaeornithomimus</a></i></p></td><td><i>A. asiaticus</i></td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Partial manus, metatarsus, vertebrae, limb elements."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></p></td><td><p>An <a href="/facts/Ornithomimosaur/dLSQzAYl">ornithomimosaur</a> originally identified as <i><a href="/facts/Ornithomimus/VEgtETdw">Ornithomimus</a></i>.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ornithomimosauria/dLSQzAYl">Ornithomimosauria</a></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"A pelvis and sacrum."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td>Likely distinct from <i><a href="/facts/Archaeornithomimus/BVh6I1WV">Archaeornithomimus</a> asiaticus</i>, probably representing an early-diverging group within Ornithomimosauria.</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h5>Oviraptorosaurs</h5> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Oviraptorosaurs/C6puS7KW">Oviraptorosaurs</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Taxon</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><a href="/facts/Avimimidae/NdY4yn8e">Avimimidae</a> spp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Vertebrae and postcranial elements represented by at least six individuals."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></p></td><td><p>Avimimids at different growth stages.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Caenagnathasia/VR9hp1V0">Caenagnathasia</a></i></p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Beak from lower jaws."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></p></td><td><p>An <a href="/facts/Oviraptorosaur/C6puS7KW">oviraptorosaur</a>.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Gigantoraptor/nGoVWf7R">Gigantoraptor</a></i></p></td><td><i>G. erlianensis</i></td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Lower jaws and much of the postcranial elements with very elongated hindlimbs."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A giant oviraptorosaur.</p></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h5>Therizinosaurs</h5> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Therizinosaurs/0nRMf3uj">Therizinosaurs</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Taxon</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Erliansaurus/xceN0zg6">Erliansaurus</a></i></p></td><td><i>E. bellamanus</i></td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Cervical vertebrae and postcranial elements."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Therizinosauroid/0nRMf3uj">therizinosauroid</a>.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Neimongosaurus/KpUdNoaP">Neimongosaurus</a></i></p></td><td><i>N. yangi</i></td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Two specimens with most of the axial column, many limb and girdle elements, and a partial dentary."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A therizinosauroid.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><a href="/facts/Therizinosauridae/s4ASc0bT">Therizinosauridae</a></p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Right humerus with a phalanx and ungual."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Therizinosaurid/s4ASc0bT">therizinosaurid</a> similar to <i><a href="/facts/Segnosaurus/rLqEsWsd">Segnosaurus</a></i> and initially attributed to <i><a href="/facts/Alectrosaurus_olseni/mu86z2XB">Alectrosaurus olseni</a></i>.</p></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h5>Troodonts</h5> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Troodonts/TXa3nahN">Troodonts</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Taxon</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><a href="/facts/Troodontidae/TXa3nahN">Troodontidae</a></p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td><p>"Right and left metatarsals represented by three specimens."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></p></td><td><p>A <a href="/facts/Troodontid/TXa3nahN">troodontid</a>.</p></td><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/facts/Urbacodon/Gt7evtJM">Urbacodon</a></i></td><td><i>U. norelli</i></td><td></td><td></td><td>A partial right dentary and associated teeth<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td>A troodontid.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h5>Tyrannosaurs</h5> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Tyrannosaurs/sIUowTnq">Tyrannosaurs</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Taxon</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/facts/Alectrosaurus/mu86z2XB">Alectrosaurus</a></i></td><td><i>A. olseni</i></td><td></td><td></td><td>"Virtually complete right hindlimb and left metatarsals."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td>A <a href="/facts/Tyrannosauroid/sIUowTnq">tyrannosauroid</a>. Potentially present in the <a href="/facts/Bayan_Shireh_Formation/Evv9eqfn">Bayan Shireh Formation</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tyrannosauridae/6Dm2ljv7">Tyrannosauridae</a></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"75 fragments, which include premaxillary and lateral teeth, a fragmentary lacrimal, jugal, pterygoid, and ectopterygoid."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td>A juvenile tyrannosaurid that may be related to <i><a href="/facts/Timurlengia/HLhdEddX">Timurlengia</a></i> based on phylogenetic analysis<i>,</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> but detailed comparisons suggest it may be related to <a href="/facts/Tyrannosaurinae/6Dm2ljv7">tyrannosaurines</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Flora</h3> <h4>Angiosperms</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Angiosperms/E5eGYIvY">Angiosperms</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Aquillapollenites/l0FhhTrx">Aquillapollenites</a></i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Angiosperm/E5eGYIvY">Angiosperm</a> <a href="/facts/Pollen/eqRP052I">pollen</a>.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Buttinia</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores and pollen."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Cranwellia</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Momipites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Normapolles/IkpXXC6T">Normapolles</a></i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Sabalpollenites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Tricolpate/exlS0I93">Tricolpate</a></i>-morph</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm <a href="/facts/Palynomorph/BYNoHNtq">palynomorph</a>.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Triporate</i>-morph</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm palynomorph.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Ulmideipites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Ulmipollenites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores and pollen."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td><p>Angiosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Gymnosperms</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Gymnosperms/lzcpfbUK">Gymnosperms</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i>Bisaccate</i>-morph</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores and pollen."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Gymnosperm/lzcpfbUK">Gymnosperm</a> palynomorph.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Cerebropollenites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td><p>Gymnosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Cheirolepidiacean</i>-morph</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td><p>Gymnosperm palynomorph.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Ephedripites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores and pollen."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td><p>Gymnosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Exesipollenites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores and pollen."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td><p>Gymnosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i><a href="/facts/Monosulcate/eqRP052I">Monosulcate</a></i>-morph</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td><p>Gymnosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Taxodiaceaepollenites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td><p>Gymnosperm pollen.</p></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Spores</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><a href="/facts/Spores/6qDRdcrs">Spores</a> reported from the Iren Dabasu Formation</th></tr><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Location</th><th>Stratigraphic Position</th><th>Material</th><th>Notes</th><th>Images</th></tr><tr><td><p><i>Cyathidites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores and pollen grain."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td><p><a href="/facts/Spore/6qDRdcrs">Spore</a> palynomorph.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Ischyosporites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td><p>Spore palynomorph.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Leptolepidites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td><p>Spore palynomorph.</p></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p><i>Triplanosporites</i> sp.</p></td><td>Indeterminate</td><td></td><td></td><td>"Spores."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td><p>Spore palynomorph.</p></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Paleontology portal</li><li>Dinosaurs portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_dinosaur-bearing_rock_formations/G8KXXsw0">List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Asian_dinosaurs/vwEbQpLD">List of Asian dinosaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Laurasia/GechPqg3">Laurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Geology_of_Mongolia/C7ew3kXG">Geology of Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cretaceous_Mongolia/VSURz2pz">Cretaceous Mongolia</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Osborn, H. 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