International Institute for Management Development

<h2 id="history-and-mission">History and mission</h2>
IMD was formed in January 1990 through the merger of independent management education centers International Management Institute (Geneva) (IMI), established in 1946 by <a href="/facts/Alcan/uHqPhYag">Alcan</a>, and <a href="/facts/Institut_pour_l%2527Etude_des_Methodes_de_Direction_de_l%2527Entreprise/GQ2J2txc">Institut pour l'Etude des Methodes de Direction de l'Entreprise</a> (IMEDE) Lausanne established in 1957 by <a href="/facts/Nestl%25C3%25A9/1GgldXdF">Nestlé</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> The new organization, the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), settled in Lausanne. The history of IMEDE and its merger with IMI is documented in Jean-Pierre Jeannet and Hein Schreuder (2015, chapters 2 and 4).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> Its industrial heritage is unusual for business schools, which are usually university-affiliated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>
IMD business school solely provides executive education; it is a Swiss university institute accredited by the Swiss Accreditation Council<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> and it consists of one integrated multidisciplinary faculty. The faculty consists of more than 50 full-time members, made up of 21 different nationalities. The current president is David Bach, who follows <a href="/facts/Jean-Francois_Manzoni/VThS60EL">Jean-Francois Manzoni</a>, <a href="/facts/Dominique_Turpin/vIFlvuLy">Dominique Turpin</a>, John R. Wells, <a href="/facts/Peter_Lorange/YNS4Rs7j">Peter Lorange</a>, and Juan Rada.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
IMD focuses on training and developing general management and leadership skills.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

<h2 id="education">Education</h2>
IMD has two main educational offerings:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>

<ul><li>Degree programs: the MBA and the EMBA</li>
<li>Executive education: open enrollment and company custom programs</li>
<li>The degree programs have <a href="/facts/Triple_accreditation/6aDtV5Ct">triple accreditation</a> by <a href="/facts/AACSB/BELUcBIB">AACSB</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> <a href="/facts/Association_of_MBAs/YNHNV9wK">AMBA</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> and <a href="/facts/EFMD/hTnW3HTr">EFMD</a>(<a href="/facts/EQUIS/yQsUnhvc">EQUIS</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li></ul>
<h3>MBA program</h3>
The school's MBA program is a one-year full-time program. The program runs from January through December without any break (summer is dedicated to a Company Engagement Project). Each class includes 90 participants from various countries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
Students will benefit from close contact with executives on-site given IMD has been recognized as the best business school for an open program in executive education from 2012 to 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Moreover, students will also enjoy several trips to further expand their knowledge and activate their network: one discovery expedition (one week in a developed country and one week in a developing country), a Europe trip and a trip to reflect on the dilemma. Finally, each student will have to participate in the International Consulting Project during the fall, where he or she will be part of a team and work as a consultant on a project designed by various companies. Starting in 2018, the MBA curriculum includes electives dedicated to practical experience in digital marketing, machine learning, and big data.
Admission to the MBA program requires a bachelor's degree or equivalent from an accredited institution, GMAT, and a minimum of three years of full-time work experience, as well as a strong command of written and spoken English and one language in addition to English. Applicants who are deemed successful in the first written stage of the application process are invited to the second stage, and an interview process called the IMD Assessment Day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> The Assessment Day is a full-day event held either in IMD's campus in Lausanne, Switzerland, or in Singapore, or in other locations. It involves a personal interview, a short presentation, a business case discussion, and an MBA class observation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> The final admissions decision is communicated within 2 weeks of the Assessment Day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>
<a href="/facts/Forbes/lyULpGhW">Forbes</a> has ranked IMD's MBA #1 among one-year international MBA programs in its 2019 ranking.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> IMD has held top spots in the ranking since 2001. IMD has also been ranked #1 in 2017, 2013, 2011, 2007, and 2001.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>

<h3>EMBA program</h3>
The curriculum of the EMBA is different from the MBA because it targets experienced managers with at least 10 years of experience who seek to strengthen their careers without leaving their jobs. The average class size is around 55 participants of more than 40 nationalities. The program has three components: the foundations for business leadership, the advanced management concepts, and the mastery stage. Altogether the program takes over one year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> It has a strong focus on leadership skills, integrated business themes, and the immediate practical application of the subject matter. The 55 selected students have an average age of 40. Supporting their growth as a leader, faculty share their knowledge, resources and contacts in discovery modules around the globe. Participants also travel to global destinations to build critical skills in entrepreneurship, innovation, <a href="/facts/Impact_investing/6dRBsqnQ">impact investing</a>, and much more, experiencing environments that will have the biggest impact on their learning and development. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>

<h3>Executive education</h3>
Executive education is a fundamental part of the school activities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>

<h2 id="ranking">Ranking</h2>
IMD's full-time MBA has been ranked by <a href="/facts/Bloomberg_L.P./2NCtubRH">Bloomberg</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> and <a href="/facts/Forbes/lyULpGhW">Forbes</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> as one of the best one-year programs in Europe and internationally.
In 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 IMD was ranked first in open programs worldwide by the <a href="/facts/Financial_Times/0ndae2YU">Financial Times</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> The FT also places IMD at second in Custom Programs, with the school jumping up two places from fourth in 2016. IMD remained in second place in the combined custom and open program rankings, maintaining its spot from last year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>

<h2 id="notable-alumni">Notable alumni</h2>
See also: Category:International Institute for Management Development alumni

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Svein_Aaser/CDAlCG3w">Svein Aaser</a>: Former CEO, <a href="/facts/DnB_NOR/pL30S4Iu">DnB NOR</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Matti_Alahuhta/epMg7qIJ">Matti Alahuhta</a>: CEO, <a href="/facts/Kone/alemTYMo">Kone</a> Corporation</li>
<li>Ole Andersen: Chairman, <a href="/facts/Bang_%2526_Olufsen/TdSNGPMl">Bang & Olufsen</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bjarni_%25C3%2581rmannsson/ul44mY7x">Bjarni Ármannsson</a>: CEO, <a href="/facts/Glitnir_(bank)/L5GQu2fJ">Glitnir Bank</a>, Iceland</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jon_Fredrik_Baksaas/1AK6RwPb">Jon Fredrik Baksaas</a>: President and CEO, <a href="/facts/Telenor/XJ1F23hD">Telenor</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Paul_Bulcke/suYQoxT1">Paul Bulcke</a>: Former CEO, <a href="/facts/Nestl%25C3%25A9/1GgldXdF">Nestlé</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Harsh_Goenka/CtQdojDx">Harsh Goenka</a>: Indian billionaire and Chairman, <a href="/facts/RPG_Enterprises/JmapBrBr">RPG Enterprises</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Oswald_Gr%25C3%25BCbel/TwjfWc7t">Oswald Grübel</a>: Former CEO, <a href="/facts/UBS/9PQLzBq3">UBS</a></li>
<li>Carla De Geyseleer, CFO, <a href="/facts/Volvo_Cars/Ihwv9gNq">Volvo Cars</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Philipp_Humm/HbbsMGYX">Philipp Humm</a>: Former CEO, <a href="/facts/T-Mobile_USA/tRY9PLtF">T-Mobile USA</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Tarang_Jain/UHxS8Nsd">Tarang Jain</a>, Indian billionaire<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Susanne_Klatten/V7QXVUQU">Susanne Klatten</a>: Member of the Board, <a href="/facts/BMW/cJd8y02r">BMW</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Gerard_Kleisterlee/pAvmt6wo">Gerard Kleisterlee</a>: Chairman <a href="/facts/Vodafone/kjCgcHma">Vodafone</a>; Former CEO, <a href="/facts/Royal_Philips_Electronics/Xp4uczGg">Royal Philips Electronics</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Kjeld_Kirk_Kristiansen/Kk3ef0HL">Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen</a>: Former President and CEO, <a href="/facts/The_Lego_Group/QgU2DsDP">The Lego Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Abba_Kyari/B7sr9uTD">Abba Kyari</a>: <a href="/facts/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_President_(Nigeria)/eExJ6XH7">Chief of Staff to the President of Nigeria</a> from August 2015 to April 2020</li>
<li>Christoph Loos, CEO, <a href="/facts/Hilti/ygtyRdpp">Hilti</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jay_Mehta/KAzSw7gm">Jay Mehta</a>, Chairman, <a href="/facts/Mehta_Group/4174yuvB">Mehta Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Milinda_Moragoda/9YUngzrW">Milinda Moragoda</a>: <a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE">Sri Lankan</a> Cabinet Minister of Justice, Law Reform and <a href="/facts/Member_of_Parliament/qjfwk6mp">MP</a></li>
<li>Thomas Oetterli, CEO, <a href="/facts/Schindler_Group/1SYoUFKJ">Schindler Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mark_Opzoomer/kwwnLvwN">Mark Opzoomer</a>: CEO, <a href="/facts/Rambler_Media/66VW98DT">Rambler Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Michael_Patsalos-Fox/qLfrCgdR">Michael Patsalos-Fox</a>: Former Chairman, Americas, <a href="/facts/McKinsey_%2526_Company/LEjD93u2">McKinsey & Company</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Prince_Pieter-Christiaan_of_Orange-Nassau%2c_van_Vollenhoven/fsD4vfCl">Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven</a>, <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mark_Rutte/t8HUcp6n">Mark Rutte</a>: Prime Minister, <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Thomas_Schmidheiny/Tq0tdvTB">Thomas Schmidheiny</a>: Chairman, <a href="/facts/Holcim/w3wqkcut">Holcim</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/S%25C3%25B8ren_Skou/EMx61LCq">Søren Skou</a>: Group CEO, <a href="/facts/A.P._Moller_-_Maersk/hGFtwItt">A.P. Moller - Maersk</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ian_Charles_Stewart/AQod8LA8">Ian Charles Stewart</a>: Founder, <a href="/facts/Wired_(magazine)/RQb6gcyf">WiRed</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Diego_Molano_Vega/UspWFt7W">Diego Molano Vega</a>: Former Minister of Information Technologies and Communications, <a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u">Colombia</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Peter_Voser/nXDdMf9m">Peter Voser</a>: Chairman and CEO, <a href="/facts/ABB/zYYBduhP">ABB</a>, Former CEO <a href="/facts/Royal_Dutch_Shell/2etvCXCf">Royal Dutch Shell</a></li>
<li>Erik Aas, CEO of <a href="/facts/Banglalink/YnEAtKHn">Banglalink</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="faculty">Faculty</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Howard_Yu/oclE047S">Howard Yu</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Darcy_C._Coyle/4Hhba9zN">Darcy C. Coyle</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jean-Francois_Manzoni/VThS60EL">Jean-Francois Manzoni</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Samuel_Bendahan/pyIPBy1V">Samuel Bendahan</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Richard_Baldwin_(economist)/2oEVHg1h">Richard Baldwin (economist)</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="partnerships">Partnerships</h2>
IMD has partnerships with<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/MIT_Sloan_School_of_Management/NUu4uzme">MIT Sloan School of Management</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/%25C3%2589cole_Polytechnique_F%25C3%25A9d%25C3%25A9rale_de_Lausanne/IBPANwjM">Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/University_of_Lausanne/cSV07PTt">University of Lausanne</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Yale_School_of_Management/SGjbEz9h">Yale School of Management</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/University_of_Porto/yj5uqwJ9">Porto Business School</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Waseda_University/c5SNJr4r">Waseda University</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/%25C3%2589cole_cantonale_d%2527art_de_Lausanne/u0IUEcaz">Ecole cantonale d’art de Lausanne</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/%25C3%2589cole_h%25C3%25B4teli%25C3%25A8re_de_Lausanne/59z1Mabk">EHL Hospitality Business School</a></li>
<li>Inner Development Goals<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a></li>
<li>The Female Quotient</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Graduate_Institute_of_International_and_Development_Studies/ryCj0tct">Graduate Institute of International Development Studies</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/World_Business_Council_for_Sustainable_Development/rwo9Wtmg">World Business Council for Sustainable Development</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.imd.org/">https://www.imd.org/</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"About us - IMD Business School". www.imd.org. Retrieved 2024-07-18. <a href="https://www.imd.org/about/about-us/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/about/about-us/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"The Best One-Year International Business Schools List". Forbes. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/business-schools/list/international-1-year/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/business-schools/list/international-1-year/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"IMD appoints David Bach as its next President - IMD News". www.imd.org. 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-09-02. <a href="https://www.imd.org/news/leadership/imd-appoints-david-bach-as-its-next-president/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/news/leadership/imd-appoints-david-bach-as-its-next-president/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"IMD – International Institute for Management Development". The Economist. Archived from the original on 2014-04-24. Retrieved 2014-04-24. <a href="http://www.economist.com/whichmba/imd-international-institute-management-development/2012?tab=3" target="_blank">http://www.economist.com/whichmba/imd-international-institute-management-development/2012?tab=3</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Jeannet, Jean-Pierre and Hein Schreuder. 2015. "From Coal to Biotech: The transformation of DSM with business school support". Springer. ISBN 978-3662462980 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"The Economist: Which MBA". Archived from the original on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2008-06-01. <a href="http://mba.eiu.com" target="_blank">http://mba.eiu.com</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"IMD accredited as a Swiss university institute". IMD. Retrieved 2023-04-25. <a href="https://www.imd.org/news/imd-accredited-as-a-swiss-university-institute/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/news/imd-accredited-as-a-swiss-university-institute/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"The Economist: Which MBA". Archived from the original on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2008-06-01. <a href="http://mba.eiu.com" target="_blank">http://mba.eiu.com</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"IMD 1-year MBA Degree - Master Of Business Administration". www.imd.org. Retrieved 2024-07-18. <a href="https://www.imd.org/degree/mba/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/degree/mba/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Degree Programs at IMD Business School". www.imd.org. Retrieved 2024-07-18. <a href="https://www.imd.org/programs-solutions/degree-programs/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/programs-solutions/degree-programs/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"AACSB DataDirect - General". Datadirect.aacsb.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2012-06-03. <a href="https://datadirect.aacsb.edu/public/profiles/profile.cfm?runReport=1&unitid=54611&userType=All" target="_blank">https://datadirect.aacsb.edu/public/profiles/profile.cfm?runReport=1&unitid=54611&userType=All</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Association of MBAs". Mbaworld.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2012-06-03. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318135023/http://www.mbaworld.com/MBAWorld/doShowBusinessSchool.action?editbusinessSchoolId=66" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120318135023/http://www.mbaworld.com/MBAWorld/doShowBusinessSchool.action?editbusinessSchoolId=66</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Pergoot, Nick. "EQUIS Accredited Schools". www.efmd.org. Archived from the original on 2014-02-16. Retrieved 2014-01-30. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140216071831/http://www.efmd.org/index.php/accreditation-main/equis/accredited-schools" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140216071831/http://www.efmd.org/index.php/accreditation-main/equis/accredited-schools</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"The IMD MBA: 90 Exceptional People Who Will Shape the Future of Business". Beat the GMAT. Archived from the original on 2014-04-25. Retrieved 2014-04-24. <a href="http://www.beatthegmat.com/mba/school/international-institute-for-management-development-imd" target="_blank">http://www.beatthegmat.com/mba/school/international-institute-for-management-development-imd</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"IMD Ranking". IMD. Archived from the original on 2016-05-26. Retrieved 2016-06-05. <a href="http://www.imd.org/why-imd/rankings-awards/" target="_blank">http://www.imd.org/why-imd/rankings-awards/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"MBA Degree Admission Criteria - IMD". IMD business school. Archived from the original on 2016-08-25. Retrieved 2016-09-03. <a href="http://www.imd.org/mba-admission-fees/" target="_blank">http://www.imd.org/mba-admission-fees/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"IMD assessment day: what to expect, and how to excel". 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2016. <a href="http://www.gyanone.com/blog/imd-assessment-day/" target="_blank">http://www.gyanone.com/blog/imd-assessment-day/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"MBA Degree Admission Criteria - IMD". IMD business school. Archived from the original on 2016-08-25. Retrieved 2016-09-03. <a href="http://www.imd.org/mba-admission-fees/" target="_blank">http://www.imd.org/mba-admission-fees/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Settimi, Christina. "IMD And London Business School Top Ranking Of The Best International MBA Programs". Forbes. Retrieved 2024-07-18. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2019/09/18/imd-and-london-business-school-top-ranking-of-the-best-international-mba-programs/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2019/09/18/imd-and-london-business-school-top-ranking-of-the-best-international-mba-programs/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"The IMD MBA – a springboard to success – ranked #1 by Forbes once again". <a href="https://www.imd.org/news/updates/imd-mba-ranked-number-one-by-forbes-2019/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/news/updates/imd-mba-ranked-number-one-by-forbes-2019/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"IMD Executive MBA: Admission & Application to IMD Business School". www.imd.org. Retrieved 2024-07-18. <a href="https://www.imd.org/emba/admission/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/emba/admission/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Executive MBA (EMBA) - Admissions - IMD Business School". <a href="https://www.imd.org/emba/admission/executive-mba-application-process/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/emba/admission/executive-mba-application-process/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"The Economist: Which MBA". Archived from the original on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2008-06-01. <a href="http://mba.eiu.com" target="_blank">http://mba.eiu.com</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Bloomberg best business in Europe". Bloomberg News. <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/business-schools/2019/regions/europe" target="_blank">https://www.bloomberg.com/business-schools/2019/regions/europe</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Settimi, Christina (Sep 18, 2019). "IMD And London Business School Top Ranking Of The Best International MBA Programs". Forbes. Archived from the original on Aug 30, 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-14. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2019/09/18/imd-and-london-business-school-top-ranking-of-the-best-international-mba-programs/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2019/09/18/imd-and-london-business-school-top-ranking-of-the-best-international-mba-programs/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">"Executive Education Rankings - Open Programs - 2017". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2017-05-19. <a href="http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/executive-education-open-2017" target="_blank">http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/executive-education-open-2017</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:29">"IMD Partnerships - IMD Business School". www.imd.org. Retrieved 2023-06-06. <a href="https://www.imd.org/about/imd-partnerships/" target="_blank">https://www.imd.org/about/imd-partnerships/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

International Institute for Management Development open-in-new

International Institute for Management Development