Engel scale

<h2 id="background">Background</h2>
<p>The original model was developed by James F. Engel and Viggo Søgaard. It was later refined by Engel, who added several ideas from <a href="/facts/Behavioural_science/bSak3jfx">behavioural science</a>, and published it in his 1975 book with W.F. Norton <i>What's Gone Wrong With the Harvest</i> and 1979 publication <i>Contemporary Christian Communications</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="model">Model</h2>
<p>The model emphasises the journey of faith and spiritual maturity through a number of stages.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
</p>
     +5 Stewardship
    +4 Communion with God
   +3 Conceptual and behavioral growth
  +2 Incorporation into <a href="/facts/Body_of_Christ/EM1WEt0J">Body</a>
 +1 Post-decision evaluation
New birth
 -1 Repentance and faith in <a href="/facts/Christ/Hcd9hEzI">Christ</a>
  -2 Decision to act
   -3 Personal problem recognition
    -4 Positive attitude towards <a href="/facts/Gospel/oC3s2MdL">Gospel</a>
     -5 Grasp implications of Gospel
      -6 Awareness of fundamentals of Gospel
       -7 Initial awareness of Gospel
        -8 Awareness of supreme being, no knowledge of Gospel

<p>Two possible additional stages before stage eight could be:
-9 Unawareness of supreme being.
-10 Resistance or antagonism to the concept of a supreme being.
</p>
<h2 id="criticism-and-development">Criticism and development</h2>
<p>The Engel scale has been criticized for its fixed linear approach, which has led to a number of modifications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Søgaard  developed the Engel Scale into a two dimensional model in 1986.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The Gray Matrix, another two dimensional model produced by Frank Gray of <a href="/facts/Feba_Radio/9D34stnv">Feba Radio</a>, and <a href="/facts/Thom_S._Rainer/jFJd5dQ2">Thom S. Rainer</a>'s Faith Scale are both also derived from it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Christianity portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Conversion_to_Christianity/eefeLpTb">Conversion to Christianity</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Evangelism/eTtegu8a">Evangelism</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Missiology/yE7dGGSg">Missiology</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Romans_Road/gm3JaADQ">Romans Road</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2>
<ul><li>Engel, James F. (1979). <a href="https://archive.org/details/contemporarychri0000enge"><i>Contemporary Christian Communications: Its Theory and Practice</i></a>. New York NY: Thomas. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-84075-152-4.</li>
<li>Engel, James F.; Norton, H. Wilbert (1975). <i>What's Gone Wrong with the Harvest?: A Communication Strategy for the Church and World Evangelization</i>. Grand Rapids MI: Zondervan. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-31024-161-8.</li>
<li>Hartman, David L. (2007). <a href="https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1007&context=hrsa">"Implementation of the Personal Styles of Evangelism in the Highland Seventh-day Adventist Church for Maximal Evangelistic Impact"</a>. <i>Human Subject Research Archive</i>. 8. Retrieved 7 May 2019.</li>
<li>Hazelden, Paul (2000). <a href="http://www.hazelden.org.uk/pt02/art_pt068_modified_engel_full.htm">"The Modified Engel Scale"</a>. <i>hazelden.org.uk</i>. Retrieved 7 May 2019.</li>
<li>Love, Richard D. (2000). "Conversion". In Moreau, A. Scott; Netland, Harold A.; van Engen, Charles Edward (eds.). <i>Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions</i>. Grand Rapids MI: Baker Books. pp. 231–232. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-85364-995-2.</li>
<li>Søgaard, Viggo B. (2000). "Engel Scale". In Moreau, A. Scott; Netland, Harold A.; van Engen, Charles Edward (eds.). <i>Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions</i>. Grand Rapids MI: Baker Books. p. 311. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-85364-995-2.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Søgaard, 2000, p.311 <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Love, 2000, p.231 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Søgaard, 2000, p.311 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Hartman, 2007, p.74–75 <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Hazelden, 2000 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Søgaard, 2000, p.311 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Hartman, 2007, p.75–76 <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Engel scale open-in-new

Engel scale