Interim order

<h2 id="requirement-for-an-interim-order">Requirement for an interim order</h2>
<p>The manner and exercise of powers by the courts are prescribed under the <a href="/facts/Law/luzxWkg0">laws</a> of most <a href="/facts/Nation/ed3XkH6y">nations</a>. These may be either enacted by <a href="/facts/Legislation/yUjkPsgX">legislation</a> in the form of <a href="/facts/Procedural_law/cGcjQaXR">procedural laws</a> of the country (as done by, for example, the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a> under the <a href="/facts/Civil_Procedure_Rules_1998/hnsYvlHI">Civil Procedure Rules 1998</a> or are left by the <a href="/facts/Legislature/ycUCe91S">legislature</a> for the courts to determine for themselves (for example the <a href="/facts/Federal_Rules_of_Civil_Procedure/DTKXJnNu">Federal Rules of Civil Procedure</a>). It is under these procedural laws that the power to issue interim orders may be conferred on the courts.
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<h3>India</h3>
<p>In <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a>, interim orders may be passed by <a href="/facts/Civil_courts/gFeKr9ra">civil courts</a> in matters before them. Such orders can be passed either under the <i>Specific Relief Act</i> passed by the <a href="/facts/Parliament_of_India/5BUcWtwn">Parliament of India</a> in 1963 or in terms of Section 151 of the <i>Civil Procedure Code</i> of 1908, which recognises and retains some <i>inherent powers</i> with the civil courts. However, the latter provision is usually seldom exercised. In terms of the 1963 Act,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> an interim order may be passed by the court only if the following conditions are satisfied;
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<ol><li>Where there is a <i>prima facie</i> case in favour of the party seeking the order,</li>
<li>Irreparable damage may be caused to the party if the order is not passed and such damage may not be ascertained in terms or money and payable as <a href="/facts/Damages/bEb5khbU">damages</a>, and</li>
<li>Where the balance of convenience lies with the party requesting for the order.</li></ol>
<h3>European Court of Human Rights</h3>
<p>The <a href="/facts/European_Court_of_Human_Rights/rKo4SK5m">European Court of Human Rights</a> in Strasbourg, France, may grant interim measures to prevent a state from carrying out an action that could cause irreparable harm before the court has had an opportunity to hear and/or decide a case. The most common circumstance for when interim measures are granted is in cases of extradition or deportation where there is valid evidence that the detainee or asylum seeker would be at risk of torture or the death penalty. Under the court's case law, sending someone to a country where it is reasonable to believe he or she would be tortured amounts to a violation of Article 3 of the <a href="/facts/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights/yEyFjz25">European Convention on Human Rights</a>, which prohibits torture. Interim measures are temporary and expire once the court has made a final decision. They are also sometimes referred to as precautionary or preliminary measures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
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<h3>European Court of Justice</h3>
<p>Interim measures may be granted by the President of the <a href="/facts/European_Court_of_Justice/yhkq7Y7Q">European Court of Justice</a>. See <a href="/facts/List_of_European_Court_of_Justice_rulings/XQanjS7y">List of European Court of Justice rulings#Interim orders</a>.
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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Court_order/4enNk4ul">Court order</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Injunction/jQPYPJ6M">Injunction</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Civil_action/gFeKr9ra">Civil action</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Trial/7mNT4FRG">Trial</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Hearing_(law)/A9xVc1Q3">Hearing (law)</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Rosenne, Shabtai; Terry D. Gill (1989). The World Court: What it is and how it works. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 320. ISBN 978-90-247-3772-7., see page 95 <a href="978-90-247-3772-7" target="_blank">978-90-247-3772-7</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Rosenne, Shabtai; Terry D. Gill (1989). The World Court: What it is and how it works. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 320. ISBN 978-90-247-3772-7., see page 95 <a href="978-90-247-3772-7" target="_blank">978-90-247-3772-7</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>"Section 36, Specific Relief Act, 1963". <a href="http://www.taxmann.net/Commerciallaws/general_commercial_law/div9.htm#s36" target="_blank">http://www.taxmann.net/Commerciallaws/general_commercial_law/div9.htm#s36</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Doebbler, Curtis Francis (2004). International Human Rights Law: Cases and Materials. CD Pub. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Interim order open-in-new

Interim order