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Energy Modeling Forum
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<h2 id="ethos">Ethos</h2> <p>The EMF was convened in 1976 over concerns that the insights that large-scale <a href="/facts/Energy_modeling/tPR3X1Tq">energy models</a> could provide <a href="/facts/Policymaker/0DtXG95q">policymakers</a> were being overshadowed by the "plethora of detailed quantitative results" being disseminated and discussed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>: 449 As a result, the EMF sought to bring energy modelers together to provide a proper context for their work. Indeed, the EMF was "formed to foster better communication between the builders and users of energy models in energy planning and policy analysis".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>: 449 </p><p>The EMF periodically establishes ad hoc working groups to conduct studies on selected energy topics. A working group then identifies relevant existing models and sets a series of tests to illuminate the basic structure and behavior of each model. Results are then compared, and the strengths and weaknesses of each model are documented in a report, which, as of 1982 is freely available.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="list-of-emf-projects">List of EMF projects</h2> <p>Reports for most completed projects are available on the EMF website.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> However, reports since 2006 occasionally been published exclusively in special editions of paywalled academic journals instead. </p> EMF projects <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th>Project</th><th>Reported</th><th>Description</th></tr><tr><th colspan="3">Completed projects</th></tr><tr><td>EMF 01</td><td>1977</td><td>Energy and the economy</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 02</td><td>1978</td><td>Coal in transition: 1980–2000</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 03</td><td>1979</td><td>Electric load forecasting: probing the issue with models</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 04</td><td>1980</td><td>Aggregate elasticity of energy demand</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 05</td><td>1982</td><td>US oil and gas supply</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 06</td><td>1981</td><td>World oil</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 07</td><td>1986</td><td>Macroeconomic impacts of energy shocks</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 08</td><td>1987</td><td>Industrial energy demand, conservation, and interfuel substitution</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 09</td><td>1989</td><td>North American natural gas markets</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 10</td><td>1991</td><td>Electricity markets and planning</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 11</td><td>1992</td><td>International oil supplies and demands</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 12</td><td>1993</td><td>Controlling global carbon emissions: costs and policy options</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 13</td><td>1996</td><td>Markets for energy efficiency</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 14</td><td>—</td><td>Integrated assessment of climate change</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 15</td><td>1998</td><td>A competitive electricity industry</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 16</td><td>1999</td><td>The costs of the Kyoto Protocol</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 17</td><td>—</td><td>Prices and emissions in a restructured electricity market</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 18</td><td>—</td><td>International trade dimensions of climate policies</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 19</td><td>2002</td><td>Climate change: technology strategies and international trade</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 20</td><td>2003</td><td>Natural gas, fuel diversity, and North American energy markets</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 21</td><td>2008</td><td>Multi-gas mitigation and climate change</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 22</td><td>2010</td><td>Climate change control scenarios</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 23</td><td>2009</td><td>World natural gas markets and trade</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 24</td><td>2014</td><td>US technology and climate policy strategies</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 25</td><td>2011</td><td>Energy efficiency and <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a></td></tr><tr><td>EMF 26</td><td>2013</td><td>Emissions and market implications of new natural gas supplies</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 27</td><td>2014</td><td>Global technology and climate policy strategies</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 28</td><td>2013</td><td>The effects of technology choices on EU climate policy</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 29</td><td>2012</td><td>The role of border carbon adjustment in unilateral climate policy</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3">Current projects (as of late-2016)</th></tr><tr><td>EMF 30</td><td></td><td>Short-lived climate forcers and air quality</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 31</td><td></td><td>North American natural gas markets in transition</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 32</td><td></td><td>US GHG and revenue recycling scenarios</td></tr><tr><td>EMF 33</td><td></td><td>Bio-energy and land use</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><ul><li>The reported year is that of the last revision.</li><li>A dash indicates that no report is available.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Open_Energy_Modelling_Initiative/6v2jPAvn">Open Energy Modelling Initiative</a> – an open source energy modeling initiative centered on Europe</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://emf.stanford.edu/">EMF home page</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Energy Modeling Forum - people". Retrieved 18 February 2025. <a href="https://emf.stanford.edu/people" target="_blank">https://emf.stanford.edu/people</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Huntington, Hillard G; Weyant, John P; Sweeney, James L (1 January 1982). "Modeling for insights, not numbers: the experiences of the Energy Modeling Forum" (PDF). Omega: The International Journal of Management Science. 10 (5): 449–462. doi:10.1016/0305-0483(82)90002-0. ISSN 0305-0483. Retrieved 2016-10-22. <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/emf-research/docs/planning_papers/PP6.5.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.stanford.edu/group/emf-research/docs/planning_papers/PP6.5.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Huntington, Hillard G; Weyant, John P; Sweeney, James L (1 January 1982). "Modeling for insights, not numbers: the experiences of the Energy Modeling Forum" (PDF). Omega: The International Journal of Management Science. 10 (5): 449–462. doi:10.1016/0305-0483(82)90002-0. ISSN 0305-0483. Retrieved 2016-10-22. <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/emf-research/docs/planning_papers/PP6.5.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.stanford.edu/group/emf-research/docs/planning_papers/PP6.5.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Huntington, Hillard G; Weyant, John P; Sweeney, James L (1 January 1982). "Modeling for insights, not numbers: the experiences of the Energy Modeling Forum" (PDF). Omega: The International Journal of Management Science. 10 (5): 449–462. doi:10.1016/0305-0483(82)90002-0. ISSN 0305-0483. Retrieved 2016-10-22. <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/emf-research/docs/planning_papers/PP6.5.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.stanford.edu/group/emf-research/docs/planning_papers/PP6.5.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Projects — Energy Modeling Forum". Energy Modeling Forum (EMF). Stanford, CA, USA. Retrieved 2016-10-23. <a href="https://emf.stanford.edu/projects" target="_blank">https://emf.stanford.edu/projects</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Projects — Energy Modeling Forum". Energy Modeling Forum (EMF). Stanford, CA, USA. Retrieved 2016-10-23. <a href="https://emf.stanford.edu/projects" target="_blank">https://emf.stanford.edu/projects</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>