Evergreen Point Floating Bridge

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<h3>Background</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Evergreen_Point_Floating_Bridge_(1963)/9TaPf6LG">Evergreen Point Floating Bridge (1963)</a>
The original Evergreen Point Floating Bridge, also named for state governor <a href="/facts/Albert_Rosellini/e5p9r7ue">Albert D. Rosellini</a>, opened on August 28, 1963, carrying the four-lane <a href="/facts/Washington_State_Route_520/eTbPz3c0">State Route 520</a> (at the time designated temporarily as the Evergreen Point branch of <a href="/facts/Primary_State_Highway_1_(Washington)/DDyReb2w">Primary State Highway 1</a> until the <a href="/facts/1964_state_highway_renumbering_(Washington)/VV3cN8Ao">1964 state highway renumbering</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a> The 7,578-foot-long (2,310 m) floating span consisted of 33 pontoons and cost $24.7 million to construct (equivalent to $254 million in 2025);<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> the bridge carried four lanes of traffic, separated by a curb that was later replaced with a simple <a href="/facts/Jersey_barrier/e3nk5387">Jersey barrier</a>; at the center was a drawspan that opened for large vessels traversing the lake. The original bridge would also close to traffic during sustained <a href="/facts/Wind_gust/oor9ccqT">wind gusts</a> of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) or higher for more than 15 minutes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a>
Due to increased traffic generated by rapid growth of the <a href="/facts/Eastside_(King_County,_Washington)/bE8FHGhT">Eastside</a> area, bridge replacement was explored as early as 1969, when building a parallel span was explored and rejected.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> The Eastside is also served by the <a href="/facts/Interstate_90_floating_bridges/DnItjCQ4">Interstate 90 floating bridges</a> completed in 1940 and 1989, carrying traffic across <a href="/facts/Mercer_Island,_Washington/qryLwtGo">Mercer Island</a> to and from Bellevue.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>
The original Evergreen Point Floating Bridge was designed before the implementation of modern <a href="/facts/Earthquake_engineering/rF0Yv7co">earthquake engineering</a> standards, with vulnerabilities in its hollow support structures that could have failed in a major earthquake.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Additionally, near the end of its lifetime, <a href="/facts/Vibration/sGgDqG71">vibrations</a> induced by <a href="/facts/Storm_surge/kByBlFz1">storm surges</a> and strong winds were able to compromise the aging drawspan, anchor cables, and pontoons, leading to structural failure in a major <a href="/facts/Pacific_Northwest_windstorm/aPaX3wsK">storm</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> Even if the storms were below the maximum threshold for failure to occur, <a href="/facts/Washington_State_Department_of_Transportation/Eotj0zzQ">Washington State Department of Transportation</a> (WSDOT) would still close the floating bridge to traffic. Although the original bridge carried two lanes of traffic in each direction, it did not include shoulders or pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure. The lack of a shoulder led to traffic congestion in the event of an accident, which would block one or two lanes in a given direction and block emergency services from accessing the bridge.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

<h3>Planning and funding</h3>
Planning of the replacement bridge started in 1997 with a cross-lake study conducted by the state Department of Transportation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> The study followed several others in the late 20th century to find solutions to traffic on the SR 520 floating bridge, with most proposals rejected after heavy opposition from communities on both ends of the bridge.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
The preferred alternative for the bridge's design, with four general-purpose lanes and two HOV lanes, was announced by WSDOT in April 2010.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> Alternative options included the construction of a southbound onramp from the <a href="/facts/Interstate_5_express_lanes/DdcBTmsl">I-5 express lanes</a>, the addition of light rail to the project, and an eight-lane bridge.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> The final <a href="/facts/Environmental_impact_statement/hDJr8Fu9">environmental impact statement</a> for the project was issued in 2011, allowing for construction of the pontoons to begin the following year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>
Funding was allocated to major phases of the project at different times.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> The $4.5 billion in funding comes largely from the state gas tax earmarked for highways in 2005, toll revenue, and federal highway funds and loans.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> In 2014, the budget for the project was increased by $250 million to cover cost overruns.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> The western portions of the project in Seattle, which are budgeted at $2 billion, were the last to be funded as part of the 2015 and 2022 legislative transportation packages.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>

<h3>Construction</h3>

The first stage of the SR 520 floating bridge replacement project was the construction of 77 concrete pontoons in 2011 and 2012 by <a href="/facts/Kiewit_Corporation/EAfSvj0z">Kiewit-General-Manson</a> at two purpose-built facilities in <a href="/facts/Aberdeen,_Washington/IhnXmA1x">Aberdeen</a> and <a href="/facts/Tacoma,_Washington/hFgAd9BJ">Tacoma</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> The pontoons were floated to the bridge on Lake Washington via the <a href="/facts/Lake_Washington_Ship_Canal/KgQvfdLw">Lake Washington Ship Canal</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> Pontoon assembly and fastening, to form the floating bridge's deck, began in 2014 and concluded in July 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>
In 2012, WSDOT identified cracks and other problems with the first batch of completed pontoons, estimating that it would cost $400 million to repair cracks and other flaws that would bring down the bridge's predicted lifespan below the desired 75 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> The problems were originally speculated to stem from shortcuts allegedly taken by the contractor to complete pontoons to meet set deadlines; the proposed solutions to fix the pontoons included adding high-tension steel cables and <a href="/facts/Post-tensioned_concrete/0fFlgCju">post-tensioning</a> of the concrete.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> A state investigative report by concrete expert John Reilly blamed the WSDOT Bridge and Structures Office (BSO) for the error. The BSO did most of the pontoon design in-house, instead of delegating those details and the financial risk to contracting teams. The goal was to allow bids to be submitted sooner. The states top bridge engineer, Jugesh Kapur was ultimately let go over the error and another Department of Transportation employee was demoted.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> A floating, 660-short-ton (600 t) <a href="/facts/Cofferdam/f6kfeKEe">cofferdam</a> was launched in November 2013 to assist in repairs of the pontoons, functioning as a portable <a href="/facts/Drydock/x0brADPo">drydock</a> that wrapped around parts of the pontoons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> The repairs were made by the contractor at the direction of WSDOT from December 2013 to June 2014 and cost a total of approximately $208 million,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> using up the majority of the program's reserve funds.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> As a result of the pontoon issues, the estimated opening of the bridge was pushed back from December 2014 into 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>
Construction of the bridge deck, beginning with the eastern approach in <a href="/facts/Medina,_Washington/go5BkwTm">Medina</a>, began in March 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> In March 2015, two construction accidents on the bridge slowed construction for reevaluation of safety measures: a contractor was killed after a high fall on the east highrise; and a crane-lifted load of <a href="/facts/Steel_pipe/dgX5uQjj">steel pipes</a> swung out of control into a <a href="/facts/King_County_Metro/TQBx8UTh">King County Metro</a> bus and an overhead highway sign.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
The bridge deck was lifted into place in August 2015,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> and the final concrete pour was finished in October 2015, completing the bridge deck.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a>

<h2 id="operational-history">Operational history</h2>
<h3>Opening and removal of old bridge</h3>

The new bridge was dedicated on April 2, 2016, in a ceremony presided over by <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Washington/k3ynvuN3">Governor of Washington</a> <a href="/facts/Jay_Inslee/4tPSohag">Jay Inslee</a> and attended by an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 people.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> The ceremony also included a community fun run and walk on the bridge, and a bicycle ride hosted by the <a href="/facts/Cascade_Bicycle_Club/Q2MWsPw1">Cascade Bicycle Club</a> on the bridge and the Interstate 5 express lanes the following day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> As part of the opening ceremonies, the bridge was certified as the world's longest floating bridge by <a href="/facts/Guinness_World_Records/Az88wVWk">Guinness World Records</a>, at 7,708.49 feet (2,349.55 m) long;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> the bridge took the record from the <a href="/facts/Evergreen_Point_Floating_Bridge_(1963)/9TaPf6LG">previous Evergreen Point Floating Bridge</a>, which was 130 feet (40 m) shorter in length.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>
Traffic on the new bridge was shifted over in two stages, beginning with westbound traffic on April 11 and ending with eastbound traffic on April 25.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> Initially, the bridge narrowed from 6 lanes to 4 lanes at the end of the floating span, over 1.2 miles (1.9 km) east of the <a href="/facts/Montlake_Boulevard/3KrQqoer">Montlake Boulevard</a> interchange, and was not fully traversable for bicyclists and pedestrians.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> Shortly after the opening of the bridge's westbound lanes, the <a href="/facts/Washington_State_Transportation_Commission/Eotj0zzQ">Washington State Transportation Commission</a> proposed increasing toll rates to introduce nighttime tolling by 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> The toll rate increase and nighttime toll was approved by the commission and implemented on July 1, 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a>
The old bridge was planned to be decommissioned by floating away pontoons to an industrial site in <a href="/facts/Kenmore,_Washington/ushkaUkz">Kenmore</a> for disposal and recycling;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a> in March 2016, the city rejected the plan, citing the possible release of toxins in the pontoon's concrete.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a> The pontoons were sold to a recycling company based in <a href="/facts/Gig_Harbor,_Washington/usmzm1mt">Gig Harbor</a> which plans to reuse the individual pontoons for floating decks and other projects.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> An unaffiliated contest was held in 2012 seeking ideas for the 33 pontoons of the old bridge, with solutions ranging from a "floating <a href="/facts/High_Line/N0tWJm6u">High Line</a>" to partial submersion for walking paths.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> The first pontoon of the old bridge to be disassembled was towed through the <a href="/facts/Lake_Washington_Ship_Canal/KgQvfdLw">Lake Washington Ship Canal</a> in July 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> As of December 2020, several pontoons of the old bridge are anchored in the <a href="/facts/Pitt_River/99tQBkfK">Pitt River</a> in <a href="/facts/Pitt_Meadows,_British_Columbia/1bKW7fPs">Pitt Meadows, British Columbia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a>

<h3>Approach bridge replacement</h3>
Construction of the 1.2-mile (1.9 km) western approach to the floating bridge, a conventional viaduct that crosses <a href="/facts/Union_Bay_(Seattle)/k4hK1C06">Union Bay</a>, was split into three projects. A temporary bridge to connect the new floating bridge to the existing western approach was completed in September 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> The north side of the new western approach, which would ultimately carry westbound traffic and the multi-use trail, began construction in October 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> The project included removal of <a href="/facts/Ghost_ramp/zheTwrPn">unused ramps</a> over SR 520 that were built in the 1960s for the cancelled <a href="/facts/R.H._Thomson_Expressway/5HybYQJC">R.H. Thomson Expressway</a> project;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> the ramps were demolished the following month, with the exception of a single set of four columns preserved for a future park, to make way for a work platform.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a> The new approach bridge opened for westbound traffic in August 2017, with later revisions to extend the HOV lane towards the Montlake interchange.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a> The bridge's multi-use bike and pedestrian path partially opened in July 2016, with access to the completed sections for an "out-and-back" experience;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a> the trail was fully opened on December 20, 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a>
The original approach bridge continued to carry eastbound traffic until it was closed in November 2019 to prepare for construction of the south half of the new approach bridge. All four lanes of traffic between Montlake Boulevard and the floating bridge was directed onto the westbound approach bridge, which was narrowed and restriped for the multi-year construction period.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> A temporary onramp from Lake Washington Boulevard was opened a month later to replace the last of the unused Thomson Expressway ramps.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a> Two mobile <a href="/facts/Gantry_crane/cI5gFeoN">gantry cranes</a> were used to disassemble and lift pieces of the old approach bridge beginning in 2020 after a construction delay due to the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)/S3YWSuMf">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> The eastbound lanes on the approach bridge were opened to limited traffic in July 2023 and expanded to carry three lanes in its permanent configuration the following month.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a> The remainder of the SR 520 megaproject, which includes replacement of the <a href="/facts/Portage_Bay/NfPyydF8">Portage Bay</a> bridge and Montlake Boulevard interchange, is scheduled to be completed in 2031.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a>

<h2 id="description">Description</h2>
The new Evergreen Point Floating Bridge was designed to be more stable in stronger winds and raised the bridge deck much higher above the surface of the lake than the old bridge. Unlike the original floating bridge, where the road surface is directly on pontoons connected end-to-end, the new bridge featured pontoons laid north–south, perpendicular to the direction of vehicular traffic, and a road surface on a platform raised 20 feet (6.1 m) above the water.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a> This design includes shoulders and a protected pedestrian and bicycle path across the viaduct.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a>

<h3>Pontoons and anchors</h3>
The floating bridge is laid atop 77 concrete <a href="/facts/Float_(nautical)/FJfSk81C">pontoons</a> that float above the water and are secured by 58 anchors to the lake bottom.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a>
Of the pontoons, 21 are longitudinal pontoons that support the deck and structure and are 360 by 75 by 28 feet (109.7 m × 22.9 m × 8.5 m) and weigh 11,000 short tons (10,000 t);<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a> 54 smaller supplemental pontoons, weighing 2,500 short tons (2,300 t), are used to stabilize the weight of the bridge; and two "cross" pontoons, weighing 10,100 short tons (9,200 t), are sited at each end of the floating span at transitional spans, which connect the deck to fixed bridges and approaches using hinges to move up to 24 inches (61 cm) for fluctuations in lake water levels moving the pontoons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a> All the pontoons are designed with watertight compartments that are monitored remotely with sensors to detect leaks that could lead to catastrophic failure.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a>
The bridge's 58 anchors all feature 3-inch-thick (7.6 cm), 1,000-foot-long (300 m) <a href="/facts/Steel/aN6qWo4H">steel</a> cables and are divided into three types: 45 587-short-ton (533 t) fluke anchors used in softer soils deep in the lakebed; eight 107-short-ton (97 t) gravity anchors used in solid soils nearer to the shore; and five 10-foot-diameter (3.0 m), 79-to-92-foot-long (24 to 28 m) drilled shaft anchors used in conjunction with the gravity anchors to prevent navigation hazards.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a>
To ensure storm resistance in the event of water seeping into the pontoons, each pontoon is outfitted with a leak detection system with a float switch that sits about 3 inches (7.6 cm) off the floor. If the pontoon is breached, an alarm will sound inside the maintenance building. From there, a pump can be lowered into the chamber and controlled from the deck above.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a>

<h3>Bridge deck</h3>
The bridge deck is made of 776 <a href="/facts/Precast_concrete/fEk8G0Fw">precast concrete</a> sections that are elevated 20 feet (6.1 m) above the concrete pontoons that forms the lower deck which essentially creates "a bridge on top of a bridge".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a> Unlike the older bridge, maintenance vehicles can now access the pontoons from beneath the upper roadway deck without interrupting traffic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a> According to a project engineer on the site, the deck had to be <a href="/facts/Vibration_isolation/Uxm4myF7">structurally isolated</a> from the main support structure using a <a href="/facts/Harmonic_oscillator/7IQNToGt">damping system</a> to ensure seismic resistance up to a <a href="/facts/Megathrust_earthquake/NqflneCS">magnitude 9 earthquake</a> to comply with local building codes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a> The original deck design called for three support columns but was later revised to two due to aesthetic issues.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a> Moreover, the lighting mounted on top of the deck had to be positioned to minimize light pollution as well as its effect on aquatic habitat.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a>

 Panoramic view of the bridge looking north from <a href="/facts/Madison_Park,_Seattle/vu8cbPX0">Madison Park, Seattle</a>. The western approach is split between the original low-level roadway for eastbound traffic and a high-level viaduct for westbound traffic, bicyclists, and pedestrians. The land straight ahead past the bridge is <a href="/facts/Laurelhurst,_Seattle/Xs78v1Fm">Laurelhurst</a>.
<h3>Layout</h3>
The bridge has two general purpose lanes and one <a href="/facts/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane/7YKE5xrw">high-occupancy vehicle lane</a> (HOV lane) per direction. It includes shoulders and a 14-foot-wide (4.3 m) pedestrian/bicycle path on the north side, unlike the 1963 bridge.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a> Congestion on the old bridge was blamed on lack of shoulders, where disabled vehicles would cause severe backups.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a>
Ornamental elements include four sentinel towers rising 43 feet (13 m) above the bridge deck at the approaches, and <a href="/facts/Belvedere_(structure)/69JCSCxa">belvederes</a> on the north side.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a>

<h3>Maintenance building</h3>
The bridge features advanced monitoring devices and new maintenance facilities. Beneath the bridge is a three-story high brick building used to control and monitor various life support and utility systems on the bridge.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a> A backup generator sits on the ground level to power all systems in case of power loss. Behind the back wall of the building lies a massive retaining wall built in response to steep hills.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a>

<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
In 2023, the floating bridge carried an <a href="/facts/Annual_average_daily_traffic/ES8h3QGL">annual average</a> of 57,913 vehicles per weekday. Prior to the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the bridge carried a weekday average of 74,912 vehicles in 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a>

<h3>Public transportation</h3>
Public transportation and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) use were incorporated in the bridge design. The bridge includes HOV lanes with priority for transit and the program as a whole built several transit-only facilities. A 2008 WSDOT report included five core <a href="/facts/Bus_rapid_transit/XUbtfJld">bus rapid transit</a> routes proposed by <a href="/facts/Sound_Transit/zUEHU2ky">Sound Transit</a> connecting the Eastside (Kirkland, Redmond, and Bellevue) to Downtown Seattle and the University District, with a base frequency of 15 minutes, increasing up to 7 minutes at peak times.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a> The bus rapid transit program was not implemented and replaced by increased frequency on King County Metro and <a href="/facts/Sound_Transit_Express/6AXq7pso">Sound Transit Express</a> routes that serve the corridor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a> Existing freeway bus stations (also known as "flyer stops") on the Eastside at Evergreen Point and <a href="/facts/Yarrow_Point,_Washington/gWqtQAYe">Yarrow Point</a> were rebuilt and moved from the freeway's shoulder to the <a href="/facts/Median_strip/nS6eyoYe">median</a>, accompanied by landscaped lids with parking and lawns, in 2014 for increased compatibility with the bridge's planned HOV lanes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a>
The bridge was engineered to accommodate a <a href="/facts/Link_light_rail/YrAgu8bV">Link light rail</a> extension with two options (both requiring 30 additional pontoons): one option would be 116 feet (35 m) wide with two lanes each direction, plus light rail to replace the HOV lanes; the other 150-foot-wide (46 m) option would retain the HOV lanes, two general purpose lanes in each direction, and add light rail.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> A proposal to include a light rail line with the construction of the bridge was dropped in 2008 after Sound Transit chose to prioritize the <a href="/facts/East_Link_Extension/xNw4X4FA">East Link Extension</a> on the <a href="/facts/Interstate_90_floating_bridges/DnItjCQ4">I-90 floating bridge</a>. A first line on the SR 520 corridor would also cause capacity issues on the section south of the Lake Washington Ship Canal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a>

<h2 id="tolling">Tolling</h2>
Electronic tolling with the "<a href="/facts/Good_to_Go_(toll_collection_system)/T1MkhYT8">Good to Go</a>" system began on the old bridge in 2011; tolling on the new bridge was in place from its opening in 2016. The tolls are projected to generate $1.2 billion by 2056 to pay off bonds for the project as well as bridge operations and maintenance, debt service, future repairs, insurance, and deferred sales tax.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a> The toll varies by time of day as well as day of week and applies in each direction. Rates are reviewed annually to cover all operational costs and debt service. Since August 2024, the rate for standard two axle passenger vehicles ranges from a minimum of $1.35 from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. to a maximum of $4.90 during peak commuting hours on weekdays; an additional $2 is charged for mail users.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a> Major holidays are assessed at the weekend rate, which ranges from $1.35 overnight to $2.95 from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Vehicles with more than two axels are charged an additional rate.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a>
In 2023, a total of 20.48 million toll transactions were recorded, of which the average rate paid was $3.37; approximately 85 percent of toll transactions were paid through the Good to Go system. A peak of 26.5 million transactions were reported in 2019 with an average revenue of $3.48.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a>

<h2 id="reception">Reception</h2>
In April 2017, the bridge project was awarded the 2017 Grand Conceptor Award from the <a href="/facts/American_Council_of_Engineering_Companies/0Xu7QHuo">American Council of Engineering Companies</a> (ACEC).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/">SR 520 Bridge Replacement and HOV Program</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721151336/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge">Archived</a> July 21, 2015, at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Library/Technical.htm">SR 520 Project Library</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526061346/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Library/Technical.htm">Archived</a> May 26, 2019, at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/E1CE70E3-68E9-4C3B-90BA-00A12AF5955F/0/2017_0400_FBL_Booklet.pdf">Project Booklet</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Dougherty, Phil (June 26, 2015). "Evergreen Point Floating Bridge opens on August 28, 1963". HistoryLink. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=690" target="_blank">http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=690</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024. <a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" target="_blank">/wiki/John_J._McCusker</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Dougherty, Phil (June 26, 2015). "Evergreen Point Floating Bridge opens on August 28, 1963". HistoryLink. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=690" target="_blank">http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=690</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Highway Department: Commission Bars Traffic Study". The Seattle Times. December 16, 1969. p. E6. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Lange, Greg (January 14, 1999). "Lake Washington Floating Bridge is dedicated on July 2, 1940". HistoryLink. Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017. <a href="http://www.historylink.org/File/682" target="_blank">http://www.historylink.org/File/682</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Flores, Sergio (January 2017). "The Longest Floating Bridge: SR 520". American Infrastructure. pp. 66–70. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017. <a href="http://penpubinc.com/magazine/online/2017/AI/JanFeb/?page=66" target="_blank">http://penpubinc.com/magazine/online/2017/AI/JanFeb/?page=66</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"SR 520 Floating Bridge Replacement". GeoEngineers. Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017. <a href="http://www.geoengineers.com/project/sr-520-floating-bridge-replacement" target="_blank">http://www.geoengineers.com/project/sr-520-floating-bridge-replacement</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Flores, Sergio (January 2017). "The Longest Floating Bridge: SR 520". American Infrastructure. pp. 66–70. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017. <a href="http://penpubinc.com/magazine/online/2017/AI/JanFeb/?page=66" target="_blank">http://penpubinc.com/magazine/online/2017/AI/JanFeb/?page=66</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Ten Years of SR 520 Bridge Project". Shannon & Wilson. Archived from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318084320/http://www.shannonwilson.com/news/sr520" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170318084320/http://www.shannonwilson.com/news/sr520</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">SR 520 Sustainability Report (PDF) (Report). Washington State Department of Transportation. January 2014. pp. 4, 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035556/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/81410031-4556-40D4-BD52-F51A69452188/0/2014_0122_SR520_SustainabilityReport_Final.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035556/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/81410031-4556-40D4-BD52-F51A69452188/0/2014_0122_SR520_SustainabilityReport_Final.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Evergreen Point bridge solutions?". Ellensburg Daily Record. Associated Press. March 25, 1997. p. 6. Retrieved April 17, 2016 – via Google News Archive. <a href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19970325&id=0gEfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9coEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2433,4043702&hl=en" target="_blank">https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19970325&id=0gEfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9coEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2433,4043702&hl=en</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Lindblom, Mike (April 28, 2010). "Seattle input alters Highway 520 bridge design". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-input-alters-highway-520-bridge-design/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-input-alters-highway-520-bridge-design/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Lindblom, Mike (March 11, 2010). "New 520 bridge won't solve I-5 merge mess". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/new-520-bridge-wont-solve-i-5-merge-mess/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/new-520-bridge-wont-solve-i-5-merge-mess/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Gaudette, Karen (April 27, 2005). "Group urges focus on 8-lane bridge". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/group-urges-focus-on-8-lane-bridge/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/group-urges-focus-on-8-lane-bridge/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Executive Summary" (PDF). SR 520 Bridge Replacement and HOV Program: Final Environmental Impact Statement and Section 4(f) and 6(f) Evaluations (Report). Washington State Department of Transportation. June 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035619/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BF5FB36E-1BBD-46FA-81F2-5E37E54D840A/0/FEIS_ExecSummary.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035619/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BF5FB36E-1BBD-46FA-81F2-5E37E54D840A/0/FEIS_ExecSummary.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">SR 520 Sustainability Report (PDF) (Report). Washington State Department of Transportation. January 2014. pp. 4, 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035556/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/81410031-4556-40D4-BD52-F51A69452188/0/2014_0122_SR520_SustainabilityReport_Final.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035556/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/81410031-4556-40D4-BD52-F51A69452188/0/2014_0122_SR520_SustainabilityReport_Final.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"SR 520 – Budget and Performance". Washington State Department of Transportation. June 2020. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022014015/https://wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Budget.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211022014015/https://wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Budget.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Lindblom, Mike (April 17, 2016). "Problems push 520 project over budget". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/problems-push-520-project-over-budget/" target="_blank">http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/problems-push-520-project-over-budget/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Kroman, David (November 16, 2023). "520 bridge contract delayed in hopes Legislature can cover cost hike". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/wsdot-delays-520-bridge-contract-hopes-legislature-can-cover-huge-cost-increase/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/wsdot-delays-520-bridge-contract-hopes-legislature-can-cover-huge-cost-increase/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"Ten Years of SR 520 Bridge Project". Shannon & Wilson. Archived from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318084320/http://www.shannonwilson.com/news/sr520" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170318084320/http://www.shannonwilson.com/news/sr520</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"Pontoon Tracking and Bridge Assembly". Washington State Department of Transportation. March 25, 2016. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416072339/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/BridgeAndLandings/520bridgeassembly.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160416072339/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/BridgeAndLandings/520bridgeassembly.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Newcomb, Tim (November 11, 2011). "How to Build the World's Longest Floating Bridge". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on February 24, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/g666/how-to-build-the-worlds-longest-floating-bridge/?slide=2" target="_blank">http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/g666/how-to-build-the-worlds-longest-floating-bridge/?slide=2</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"Pontoon construction complete for new floating bridge" (PDF). Washington State Department of Transportation. March 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035619/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BBBF7CE8-D8E4-44E0-AF04-45A26B5ADC9C/0/2015_0300_PontoonFactSheet.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035619/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BBBF7CE8-D8E4-44E0-AF04-45A26B5ADC9C/0/2015_0300_PontoonFactSheet.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Get in line: Largest pontoons for new SR 520 floating bridge all in final position on Lake Washington" (Press release). Washington State Department of Transportation. July 8, 2015. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2015/07/08_SR520PontoonMove.htm" target="_blank">http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2015/07/08_SR520PontoonMove.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Douglas, C.R. (August 27, 2013). "520 Bridge pontoon problems could reach nearly $400 million". Q13 FOX News. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016. <a href="http://q13fox.com/2013/08/27/520-bridge-pontoon-problems-could-reach-nearly-400-million/" target="_blank">http://q13fox.com/2013/08/27/520-bridge-pontoon-problems-could-reach-nearly-400-million/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Lindblom, Mike (February 26, 2013). "State admits costly mistakes on 520 bridge". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/state-admits-costly-mistakes-on-520-bridge/" target="_blank">http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/state-admits-costly-mistakes-on-520-bridge/</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"State fires top bridge engineer over 520 pontoon flaws". April 12, 2013. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/state-fires-top-bridge-engineer-over-520-pontoon-flaws/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/state-fires-top-bridge-engineer-over-520-pontoon-flaws/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"Drydock in the water: SR 520 coffer cell arrives on Lake Washington" (Press release). Washington State Department of Transportation. November 22, 2013. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. <a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2013/11/22_SR520CofferCell.htm" target="_blank">http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2013/11/22_SR520CofferCell.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Vedder, Tracy (February 28, 2014). "More woes plague SR-520 Bridge project". KOMO 4 News. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. <a href="http://komonews.com/archive/more-woes-plague-sr-520-bridge-project" target="_blank">http://komonews.com/archive/more-woes-plague-sr-520-bridge-project</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"SR 520 – Pontoon Modifications". Washington State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. <a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Library/PontoonMods.htm" target="_blank">http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Library/PontoonMods.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"WSDOT executes new SR 520 pontoon change order" (Press release). Washington State Department of Transportation. January 8, 2014. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. <a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2014/01/SR520PontoonChangeOrder01082014.htm" target="_blank">http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2014/01/SR520PontoonChangeOrder01082014.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Lindblom, Mike (February 26, 2013). "State admits costly mistakes on 520 bridge". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/state-admits-costly-mistakes-on-520-bridge/" target="_blank">http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/state-admits-costly-mistakes-on-520-bridge/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"SR 520 – Pontoon Modifications". Washington State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. <a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Library/PontoonMods.htm" target="_blank">http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Library/PontoonMods.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">Gutierrez, Scott (March 29, 2012). "Construction to begin on new 520 bridge". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/local/transportation/article/Construction-to-start-on-the-new-520-floating-3441908.php" target="_blank">http://www.seattlepi.com/local/transportation/article/Construction-to-start-on-the-new-520-floating-3441908.php</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Lindblom, Mike (March 28, 2012). "Modern design, retro touches: Here comes the new 520 bridge". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/modern-design-retro-touches-here-comes-the-new-520-bridge/" target="_blank">http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/modern-design-retro-touches-here-comes-the-new-520-bridge/</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Lindblom, Mike; Cornwell, Paige (March 18, 2015). "520 bridge incidents prompt extra safety training around state". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/road-project-crews-to-get-extra-safety-training/" target="_blank">http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/road-project-crews-to-get-extra-safety-training/</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Lindblom, Mike (August 23, 2015). "Road-deck milestone for new 520 bridge". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/road-deck-milestone-for-new-520-bridge/" target="_blank">http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/road-deck-milestone-for-new-520-bridge/</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Morse-Miller, Haylee (October 27, 2015). "State's newest floating bridge now all decked out". The WSDOT Blog. Washington State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://wsdotblog.blogspot.com/2015/10/states-newest-floating-bridge-now-all.html" target="_blank">http://wsdotblog.blogspot.com/2015/10/states-newest-floating-bridge-now-all.html</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Lindblom, Mike (November 1, 2018). "Goodbye viaduct, hello tunnel: WSDOT plans a celebration of the old and new Feb. 2-3". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 1, 2018. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/goodbye-viaduct-hello-tunnel-wsdot-plans-a-celebration-of-the-old-and-new-feb-2-3/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/goodbye-viaduct-hello-tunnel-wsdot-plans-a-celebration-of-the-old-and-new-feb-2-3/</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Peer, Steve (January 12, 2016). "April grand opening celebration announced for SR 520's new floating bridge" (Press release). Washington State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417084334/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2016/01/12_520GrandOpeningCelebration.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160417084334/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/News/2016/01/12_520GrandOpeningCelebration.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">"Longest bridge, floating bridge". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on June 30, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/69091-longest-bridge-floating-bridge" target="_blank">http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/69091-longest-bridge-floating-bridge</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Demay, Daniel (April 2, 2016). "Thousands cross new 520 Bridge – on foot". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/local/transportation/article/Photos-New-520-bridge-finally-opens-to-foot-7223377.php" target="_blank">http://www.seattlepi.com/local/transportation/article/Photos-New-520-bridge-finally-opens-to-foot-7223377.php</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Lindblom, Mike (January 12, 2016). "New 520 bridge to open in April; walkers, bicyclists get to try it first". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/new-520-bridge-to-open-in-april-walkers-bikes-will-get-to-try-it-first/" target="_blank">http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/new-520-bridge-to-open-in-april-walkers-bikes-will-get-to-try-it-first/</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">"Traffic switch from old SR 520 floating bridge to new bridge" (PDF). Washington State Department of Transportation. January 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417205923/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/F8E05309-7D6F-4A83-801F-A69BB5369D51/0/2016_FBL_TrafficSwitch_Overview.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160417205923/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/F8E05309-7D6F-4A83-801F-A69BB5369D51/0/2016_FBL_TrafficSwitch_Overview.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">"Building the West Approach Bridge North" (PDF). Washington State Department of Transportation. August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509141028/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/87A80F45-1111-40AB-9E19-E5FD179AAD3B/0/SR520_WestApproachBridgeNorth_Folio.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160509141028/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/87A80F45-1111-40AB-9E19-E5FD179AAD3B/0/SR520_WestApproachBridgeNorth_Folio.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:94">Lindblom, Mike (September 26, 2018). "I-5 will add a fifth express lane to serve future Eastside-South Lake Union bus routes". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/i-5-will-add-a-5th-express-lane-to-serve-future-eastside-south-lake-union-bus-routes/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/i-5-will-add-a-5th-express-lane-to-serve-future-eastside-south-lake-union-bus-routes/</a> <a href="#fnref:94" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:95">Lindblom, Mike (June 15, 2014). "Evergreen Point transit station opens Monday". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902133624/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2014/06/evergreen-point-transit-station-opens-monday/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170902133624/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2014/06/evergreen-point-transit-station-opens-monday/</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:96">"SR 520 – Light Rail in the Corridor". Washington State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/About/LightRail.htm" target="_blank">http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/About/LightRail.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:97">Carlton Harrell, Debera; Lange, Larry (March 17, 2008). "Light rail cut from the plan for 520 Bridge". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://www.seattlepi.com/local/transportation/article/light-rail-cut-from-the-plan-for-520-bridge-1267504.php" target="_blank">https://www.seattlepi.com/local/transportation/article/light-rail-cut-from-the-plan-for-520-bridge-1267504.php</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:98">"SR 520 – Budget and Performance". Washington State Department of Transportation. June 2020. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022014015/https://wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Budget.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211022014015/https://wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/SR520Bridge/Budget.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:99">Lindblom, Mike (July 10, 2024). "520 bridge tolls about to increase". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/520-bridge-tolls-about-to-increase/" target="_blank">https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/520-bridge-tolls-about-to-increase/</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:100">"SR 520 Bridge tolling". Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://wsdot.wa.gov/travel/roads-bridges/toll-roads-bridges-tunnels/sr-520-bridge-tolling" target="_blank">https://wsdot.wa.gov/travel/roads-bridges/toll-roads-bridges-tunnels/sr-520-bridge-tolling</a> <a href="#fnref:100" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:101">"SR 520 Bridge tolling". Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="https://wsdot.wa.gov/travel/roads-bridges/toll-roads-bridges-tunnels/sr-520-bridge-tolling" target="_blank">https://wsdot.wa.gov/travel/roads-bridges/toll-roads-bridges-tunnels/sr-520-bridge-tolling</a> <a href="#fnref:101" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:102">Stantec (June 26, 2024). SR 520 Bridge Traffic and Revenue Study 2024 Report (PDF) (Report). Washington State Department of Transportation. p. iv. Retrieved October 29, 2024. <a href="/wiki/Stantec" target="_blank">/wiki/Stantec</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:103">"New SR 520 floating bridge named America's top engineering feat" (Press release). Washington State Department of Transportation. April 26, 2017. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017. <a href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/news/2017/04/26/new-sr-520-floating-bridge-named-america%E2%80%99s-top-engineering-feat" target="_blank">http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/news/2017/04/26/new-sr-520-floating-bridge-named-america%E2%80%99s-top-engineering-feat</a> <a href="#fnref:103" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Evergreen Point Floating Bridge open-in-new

Evergreen Point Floating Bridge