Linux-HA

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<p>The project originated from a mailing list started in November 1997. Eventually Harald Milz wrote an odd sort of Linux-HA HOWTO.  Unlike most HOWTOs, this was not about how to configure or use existing software, it was a collection of HA techniques which one could use if one were to write HA software for Linux.
</p><p>Alan Robertson was inspired by this description and thought that he could perhaps write some of the software for the project to act as a sort of initial seed crystal to help jump start the project. He got this initial software running on 18 March 1998.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> He created the first web site for the project on 19 October 1998,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> and the first version of the software was released on 15 November 1998.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The first production customer of the software was Rudy Pawul of ISO-NE.  The ISO-NE web site went into production in the second half of 1999.
</p><p>At this point, the project was limited to two nodes and very simple takeover semantics, and no resource monitoring.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p><p>This was cured with version 2 of the software, which added n-node clusters, resource monitoring, dependencies, and policies.  Version 2.0.0 came out on 29 July 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> This release represented another important milestone as it was the first version where very large contributions (in terms of code size) were made by the Linux-HA community at large. This series of releases brought the project to a level of feature parity-or-superiority with respect to commercial HA software.
</p><p>After version 2.1.4, the cluster resource manager component (responsible for starting and stopping resources and monitoring resource and node failure) was split off into a separate project called <a href="/facts/Pacemaker_(software)/l7CS7uxI">Pacemaker</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> and the resource agents and other "glue" infrastructure were moved to separate packages. Thus with the version 3 series, the name <i>Heartbeat</i> should be used for the cluster messaging layer only.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/High-availability_cluster/MNWwE5RX">High-availability cluster</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Cluster_Framework/87phYwME">Open Cluster Framework</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Pacemaker_(software)/l7CS7uxI">Pacemaker (software)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Corosync_Cluster_Engine/XCdDvHJw">Corosync Cluster Engine</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<ul><li>Pfister, Gregory F (1998). <a href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofcluste00pfis"><i>In Search of Clusters</i></a> (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-899709-8.</li>
<li>Marcus, Evan; Stern, Hal (2003). <i>Blueprints for High Availability</i> (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-471-43026-9.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422234943/http://www.linux-ha.org/wiki/Main_Page">Linux-HA Wiki</a> at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2023-04-22)</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191224212931/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/">archives of Linux-HA's main mailing list</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Alan Robertson The Evolution of The LinuxHA project. IBM Linux Technology Center, 2010 [1] <a href="http://linux-ha.com/_cache/TechnicalPapers__HBevolution.pdf" target="_blank">http://linux-ha.com/_cache/TechnicalPapers__HBevolution.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>"Linux-HA heart beats!". Lists.linux-ha.org. Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2016-03-04. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119035759/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/1998-March/000076.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20081119035759/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/1998-March/000076.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>"MAC addr takeover". Lists.linux-ha.org. 1998-10-16. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2016-03-04. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719221439/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/1998-October/001274.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110719221439/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/1998-October/001274.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>"Heartbeat Software Now Available". Archived from the original on November 16, 2005. Retrieved April 28, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051116110906/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/1998-November/002335.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20051116110906/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/1998-November/002335.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Alan Robertson The Evolution of The LinuxHA project. IBM Linux Technology Center, 2010 [1] <a href="http://linux-ha.com/_cache/TechnicalPapers__HBevolution.pdf" target="_blank">http://linux-ha.com/_cache/TechnicalPapers__HBevolution.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>"[Linux-HA] Heartbeat, DRBD, Named-chroot, Fedora Core 4". Lists.linux-ha.org. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2016-03-04. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705201825/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/2005-July/015449.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080705201825/http://lists.linux-ha.org/pipermail/linux-ha/2005-July/015449.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>"Project History". ClusterLabs.org. Retrieved 2016-03-04. <a href="http://clusterlabs.org/wiki/Project_History" target="_blank">http://clusterlabs.org/wiki/Project_History</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>"Heartbeat". Linux-HA.org. 2010-01-25. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-03-04. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003120/http://www.linux-ha.org/wiki/Heartbeat#Historical_note" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003120/http://www.linux-ha.org/wiki/Heartbeat#Historical_note</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

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