Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Al-Faluja
open-in-new
<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The town was founded on a site that had been known as "Zurayq al-Khandaq", named "Zurayq" from the blue-colored <a href="/facts/Lupin/qrVAhIMc">lupin</a> that grew in the vicinity. Its name was changed to "al-Faluja" in commemoration of a <a href="/facts/Sufi/NFcCu5gP">Sufi</a> master, Shahab al-Din al-Faluji, who settled near the town after migrating there from <a href="/facts/Iraq/pqYSFJw8">Iraq</a> in the 14th century. He died in al-Faluja and his tomb was visited by the Syrian <a href="/facts/Sufi/NFcCu5gP">Sufi</a> teacher and traveller Mustafa al-Bakri al-Siddiqi (1688-1748/9), who travelled through the region in the first half of the eighteenth century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h3>Ottoman era</h3> <p>In 1596, during the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman</a> era, Al-Faluja was under the administration of the <i><a href="/facts/Nahiya/TnI1DQ7N">nahiya</a></i> of <a href="/facts/Gaza_City/4mmNgFq6">Gaza</a>, part of the <a href="/facts/Sanjak_of_Gaza/RBAokdFV">Sanjak of Gaza</a>, with a population of 75 <a href="/facts/Muslim/W2ukq4pg">Muslim</a> households, an estimated 413 persons. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on wheat, barley, sesame, fruits, vineyards, beehives, goats, and <a href="/facts/Water_buffalo/f2lsvXBv">water buffalo</a>; a total of 5,170 <a href="/facts/Ak%25C3%25A7e/nwcExgon">akçe</a>. Half of the revenue went to a <a href="/facts/Waqf/cKFuejpP">waqf</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>In 1838, <a href="/facts/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)/0ognGyx5">Robinson</a> noted <i>el Falujy</i> as a Muslim village in the Gaza district,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> though he did not visit it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>In 1863 <a href="/facts/Victor_Gu%25C3%25A9rin/7mYJEWEk">Victor Guérin</a> found six hundred inhabitants in the village. He also noticed near a <a href="/facts/Water_well/aPFvzk3V">well</a>, two ancient columns of gray-white marble, and next to a <a href="/facts/Maqam_(shrine)/Rkh8bkAq">wali</a>, a third similar but rather destroyed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that Faluja had a population of 670, in 230 houses, though the population count only included men.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>In 1883, the <a href="/facts/Palestine_Exploration_Fund/YejAap5y">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>'s <i><a href="/facts/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine/tI1AHd9t">Survey of Western Palestine</a></i> described al-Faluja as surrounded on three sides by a <a href="/facts/Wadi/bESSfU3D">wadi</a>. It had two <a href="/facts/Water_well/aPFvzk3V">wells</a> and a pool to the east, a small garden patch to the west, and the village houses were built from <a href="/facts/Adobe/JADhebUw">adobe</a> bricks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h3>British Mandate era</h3> <p>In the <a href="/facts/1922_census_of_Palestine/nVSHBv6A">1922 census of Palestine</a> conducted by the <a href="/facts/Mandate_for_Palestine/rTD4dAqo">British Mandate authorities</a>, Al-Faluja had a population of 2,482 inhabitants; 2,473 Muslims, 3 Jews and 6 Christians,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> where the Christians were all of the Orthodox faith.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> The population increased in the <a href="/facts/1931_census_of_Palestine/mKa7LBcJ">1931 census</a> to 3,161 inhabitants; 2 Christians and all the rest Muslim, in a total of 683 houses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>The nucleus of the village was centered around the shrine of Shaykh al-Faluji. Its residential area began to expand in the 1930s and eventually crossed over to the other side of the wadi, which henceforth divided al-Faluja into northern and southern sections. Bridges were constructed across the wadi to facilitate movement between the two sides, especially during the winter when the water often flooded and caused damage. The center of al-Faluja shifted to the north where modern houses, stores, coffee houses, and a clinic were erected. The village had also two schools; one for boys (built in 1919) and the other for girls (built in 1940).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <p>In the <a href="/facts/Village_Statistics%2c_1945/S25xWwA4">1945 statistics</a> Al-Faluja had a population of 4,670, all Muslims,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> with a total of 38,038 <a href="/facts/Dunam/tfNjURLz">dunams</a> of land, according to an official land and population survey.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Of this, 87 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 36,590 for cereals,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> while a total of 517 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <h3>1948 Arab-Israeli war</h3> <p>Al-Faluja was in the territory allotted to the Arab state under the 1947 <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine/uUhEPqgl">UN Partition Plan</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> During the war, the men of the village blockaded the local Jewish communities and attacked convoys being sent to bring them food, water, and other supplies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>On 24 February 1948, the village was attacked by Jewish forces.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> A battle between Jewish forces and villagers in al-Faluja on 14 March 1948 left thirty-seven Arabs and seven Jews dead, as well as scores of Arabs and four Jews wounded. Israeli sources at the time told the <i>New York Times</i> that a supply convoy, protected by armored cars of the <a href="/facts/Haganah/23nxUEpt">Haganah</a>, "had to fight its way through the village." A Haganah demolition squad returned later in the day and blew up ten houses in the village, including the town hall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p><p>Egyptian forces crossed into the former mandate on 15 May 1948 and a column of them were stopped by the Israelis near <a href="/facts/Ashdod/gT36N3zy">Ashdod</a>. This column retreated to and encamped at al-Faluja and <a href="/facts/Iraq_al-Manshiyya/v4rcRLWR">Iraq al-Manshiyya</a>, the so-called Faluja pocket. Between late October 1948 and late February 1949 some 4,000 Egyptian troops were encircled and besieged there by Israeli forces; the siege was a formative period for <a href="/facts/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser/Dm5lMejj">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>, who was a major in the Egyptian army at Al-Faluja during the siege.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p> <h3>Armistice agreement</h3> <p>As part of the terms of the February 4, 1949 <a href="/facts/1949_Armistice_Agreements/1sCB8Xg4">Israel–Egypt Armistice Agreement</a>, the surrounded Egyptian forces (including future Egyptian President <a href="/facts/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser/Dm5lMejj">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>) agreed to return to Egypt.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> The agreement (uniquely to the two villages), guaranteed the safety and property of the 3,140 Arab civilians (over 2,000 locals, plus refugees from other villages). The agreement, and a further exchange of letters filed with the United Nations, stated <i>".... those of the civilian population who may wish to remain in al-Faluja and Iraq al-Manshiya are to be permitted to do so. ... All of these civilians shall be fully secure in their persons, abodes, property and personal effects."</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p> <h3>Israel</h3> <p> Few civilians left when the Egyptian brigade withdrew on 26 February 1949 but Israelis promptly violated the armistice agreement and began to intimidate the populace into flight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> United Nations observers reported to UN mediator <a href="/facts/Ralph_Bunche/KGXSUQon">Ralph Bunche</a> that the intimidation included beatings, robberies, and attempted rape.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> Quaker observers bore witness to the beatings </p><blockquote><p><i>"Jane Smith (one of the Quaker party) has bandaged six men. The worst case was a man with two bloody eyes, a torn ear, and a face pounded until it was blue ... A young Arab told me: 'We could not sleep last night because of much shooting and because the Israeli soldiers came into the homes and tried to "make into" the Arab women.'"</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></p></blockquote><p> On 3 March they wrote that at <i>"<a href="/facts/Iraq_al-Manshiyya/v4rcRLWR">Iraq al Manshiya</a>, the acting <a href="/facts/Mukhtar/zpp7oyeo">mukhtar</a> or mayor told them that 'the people had been much molested by the frequent shooting, by being told that they would be killed if they did not go to Hebron, and by the Jews breaking into their homes and stealing things"</i>. <a href="/facts/Moshe_Sharett/NeckUQsa">Moshe Sharett</a> (Israeli Foreign Minister) was very concerned at the international repercussions, especially the possible effect on Israeli-Egyptian relations. He was angry at the actions of the IDF, carried out without Cabinet authorization and behind his back and was not easily appeased. He used most uncharacteristic language <i>"The IDF's actions"</i> threw into question </p><blockquote><p>our sincerity as a party to an international agreement ... One may assume that Egypt in this matter will display special sensitivity as her forces saw themselves as responsible for the fate of these civilian inhabitants. There are also grounds to fear that any attack by us on the people of these two villages may be reflected in the attitude of the Cairo Government toward the Jews of Egypt.</p></blockquote><p> Sharett pointed out that Israel was seeking membership of the United Nations, and was encountering difficulties </p><blockquote><p>over the question of our responsibility for the Arab refugee problem. We argue that we are not responsible ... From this perspective, the sincerity of our professions is tested by our behavior in these villages ... Every intentional pressure aimed at uprooting [these Arabs] is tantamount to a planned act of eviction on our part.</p></blockquote><p> Sharett also protested that the IDF were carrying out a covert </p><blockquote><p>whispering propaganda' campaign among the Arabs, threatening them with attacks and acts of vengeance by the army, which the civilian authorities will be powerless to prevent. This whispering propaganda (ta'amulat lahash) is not being done of itself. There is no doubt that here there is a calculated action aimed at increasing the number of those going to the <a href="/facts/Hebron/FlKSDvJS">Hebron</a> Hills as if of their own free will, and, if possible, to bring about the evacuation of the whole civilian population of [the pocket].</p></blockquote><p> He also referred to the army's actions as <i>"'an unauthorized initiative by the local command in a matter relating to Israeli government policy'"</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> Allon admitted (to Yadin) only that his troops had <i>"beaten three Arabs ... There is no truth to the observers' announcement about abuse/cruelty [hit'alelut], etc. I investigated this personally."</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p><p>Morris further writes that the decision to cleanse the "Faluja pocket" population was approved by Israeli prime minister <a href="/facts/David_Ben-Gurion/QVytuG6W">David Ben-Gurion</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> The last civilians left on 22 April,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> and the order to demolish these (and a string of other) villages was made 5 days later by Rabin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Depopulated_Palestinian_locations_in_Israel/U3Sdtsqn">Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Operation_Yoav/FMUf7VmT">Operation Yoav</a></li></ul> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). <a href="https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922"><i>Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Claude_Reignier_Conder/pLayuFBg">Conder, C.R.</a>; <a href="/facts/Herbert_Kitchener%2c_1st_Earl_Kitchener/AoPGVaHw">Kitchener, H.H.</a> (1883). <a href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology</i></a>. Vol. 3. London: <a href="/facts/Palestine_Exploration_Fund/YejAap5y">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</li> <li>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). <a href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390"><i>Village Statistics, April, 1945</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Victor_Gu%25C3%25A9rin/7mYJEWEk">Guérin, V.</a> (1869). <a href="https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog02gu"><i>Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine</i></a> (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sami_Hadawi/4J7xlmPB">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html"><i>Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine</i></a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from <a href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html">the original</a> on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2009.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Martin_Hartmann/NIClSFaf">Hartmann, M.</a> (1883). <a href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ">"Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. 6: 102–149.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Wolf-Dieter_H%25C3%25BCtteroth/WNYhceAR">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="/facts/Kamal_Abdulfattah/aCSg1BkL">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ"><i>Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century</i></a>. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 3-920405-41-2.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Walid_Khalidi/Qy9oJEcm">Khalidi, W.</a> (1992). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ"><i>All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948</i></a>. <a href="/facts/Washington_D.C./enXPK156">Washington D.C.</a>: <a href="/facts/Institute_for_Palestine_Studies/9j1yxqbh">Institute for Palestine Studies</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-88728-224-5.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Walid_Khalidi/Qy9oJEcm">Khalidi, W.</a> (1992). <a href="https://archive.org/details/palestinereborn00khal"><i>Palestine Reborn</i></a>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781850435631.</li> <li>Mills, E., ed. (1932). <a href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas"><i>Census of Palestine 1931: Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas</i></a>. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Benny_Morris/cacND7es">Morris, B.</a> (1987). <a href="https://archive.org/details/birthofpalestini00morr"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-1949</i></a>. <a href="/facts/Cambridge_University_Press/fgEBSSRq">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-521-33028-9.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Benny_Morris/cacND7es">Morris, B.</a> (2004). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-521-00967-6.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Gamal_Abdul_Nasser/Dm5lMejj">Nasser, G.A.</a> (1973) [1955]. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830233111/http://www.palestine-studies.org/enakba/Memoirs/Nasser,%20Memoirs%20of%20the%20First%20Palestine%20War.pdf">"Memoirs of the First Palestine War"</a> (PDF). <i><a href="/facts/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies/93aHaYva">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>. 2 (2 (Win. 73)). <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.1973.2.2.00p0045r">10.1525/jps.1973.2.2.00p0045r</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.palestine-studies.org/enakba/Memoirs/">the original</a> on 30 August 2011.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Edward_Henry_Palmer/WIC8IzXE">Palmer, E.H.</a> (1881). <a href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer</i></a>. <a href="/facts/Palestine_Exploration_Fund/YejAap5y">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)/0ognGyx5">Robinson, E.</a>; <a href="/facts/Eli_Smith/vt5zDwdD">Smith, E.</a> (1841). <a href="https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog"><i>Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838</i></a>. Vol. 2. Boston: <a href="/facts/Crocker_%2526_Brewster/zRGcop1M">Crocker & Brewster</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)/0ognGyx5">Robinson, E.</a>; <a href="/facts/Eli_Smith/vt5zDwdD">Smith, E.</a> (1841). <a href="https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft"><i>Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838</i></a>. Vol. 3. Boston: <a href="/facts/Crocker_%2526_Brewster/zRGcop1M">Crocker & Brewster</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Moshe_Sharon/PwzJcR8o">Sharon, M.</a> (2004). <a href="https://archive.org/details/9004131973"><i>Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, D-F</i></a>. Vol. 3. BRILL. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 90-04-13197-3. (pp. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/9004131973#page/n236/mode/1up">183</a> ff)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Albert_Socin/BUBYFKQD">Socin, A.</a> (1879). <a href="https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut">"Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. 2: 135–163.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.palestineremembered.com/Gaza/al-Faluja/index.html">Welcome To al-Faluja</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.zochrot.org/village/view?id=49437">al-Faluja</a>, <a href="/facts/Zochrot/35VjD7RI">Zochrot</a></li> <li>Survey of Western Palestine, Map 20: <a href="http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8382">IAA</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.20.jpg">Wikimedia commons</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.alnakba.org/villages/gaza/faluja.htm">Faluja</a> from the <a href="/facts/Khalil_Sakakini_Cultural_Center/CIxur3JG">Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729095043/http://alcor.concordia.ca/~pal/History/Villages/falj@vil.html">Al-Faluja</a> by <a href="/facts/Rami_Nashashibi/4KQ9GtDM">Rami Nashashibi</a> (1996), Center for Research and Documentation of Palestinian Society.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 382 <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Nur, Eviatar, ed. (1978), Carta's Atlas of Israel - The First Years 1948-1961, Jerusalem, Israel: Carta <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" target="_blank">/wiki/Jerusalem</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Khalidi, 1992, p.95. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 146. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 95 <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 119 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/119/mode/1up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/119/mode/1up</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, pp. 369, 392 <a href="https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n391" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n391</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 421 <a href="https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n443" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n443</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Victor Guérin 1869, pp. 124, 303 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/124/mode/1up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/124/mode/1up</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Socin, 1879, p. 154 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/154/mode/1up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/154/mode/1up</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Hartmann, 1883, p. 133, noted 149 houses <a href="https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n941/mode/1up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n941/mode/1up</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP, Vol. III, p. 260, Also cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 95 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/260/mode/1up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/260/mode/1up</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 8 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" target="_blank">/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Barron, 1923, Table XIII, p. 44 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n46/mode/1up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n46/mode/1up</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Mills, 1932, p. 3. <a href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Khalidi, 1992, p.95. <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 31 <a href="http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p31.jpg" target="_blank">http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p31.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 45 Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Gaza/Page-045.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Gaza/Page-045.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 86 Archived 2013-09-30 at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Gaza/Page-086.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Gaza/Page-086.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 136 Archived 2013-09-30 at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Gaza/Page-136.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Gaza/Page-136.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Map of UN Partition Plan". United Nations. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124212115/http://domino.un.org/maps/m0103_1b.gif" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090124212115/http://domino.un.org/maps/m0103_1b.gif</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Gaza: A History, Jean-Pierre Filiu, page 59 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vPhzBAAAQBAJ&dq=Al-Faluja+attacked+convoys+1948&pg=PA59" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=vPhzBAAAQBAJ&dq=Al-Faluja+attacked+convoys+1948&pg=PA59</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Alfalouja text of "All that Remains" by Professor Walid Khalidi, Institute for Palestine Studies (November 1992). Archived from the original on 2007-06-15. Retrieved 2015-03-27. <a href="http://www.jerusalemiloveyou.net/spip.php?article51" target="_blank">http://www.jerusalemiloveyou.net/spip.php?article51</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"37 Arabs, 7 Jews Reported Killed in Palestine Fight: Haganah Armored Cars, Aiding Supply Unit, Said to Have Pushed Through Village," The New York Times, March 15, 1948, page A1. <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Al-Hardan, Anaheed (5 April 2016). Palestinians in Syria: Nakba Memories of Shattered Communities. Columbia University Press. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-0-231-54122-0. <a href="978-0-231-54122-0" target="_blank">978-0-231-54122-0</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Intel chip plant located on disputed Israeli land San Francisco Chronicle. July 8, 2002. Accessed 26 June 2007. <a href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/07/08/BU162036.DTL" target="_blank">http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/07/08/BU162036.DTL</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Israel State Archives, Documents Vol. III, 702-703, as cited by Morris, 1989, p. 522 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA522" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA522</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Alfalouja text of "All that Remains" by Professor Walid Khalidi, Institute for Palestine Studies (November 1992). Archived from the original on 2007-06-15. Retrieved 2015-03-27. <a href="http://www.jerusalemiloveyou.net/spip.php?article51" target="_blank">http://www.jerusalemiloveyou.net/spip.php?article51</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Bunche to Shiloah, 4 Mar. 1949, Israel State Archives FM 2431\1. Cited by Morris, 2004, p. 522 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA522" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA522</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>'Visit of the Quaker team to Faluja 26 February to Mar 6, Reported by Ray Hartsough ... AFSCA - Foreign Service 1949, Palestinians - Faluja. Cited by Morris, 2004, p. 522 <a href="/wiki/Mar_6" target="_blank">/wiki/Mar_6</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Sharett to Dori, 6 Mar. 1949, Israel State Archives FM 2425\7. Cited by Morris, 2004, p. 523 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA523" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA523</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Allon to OC General Staff Division, 5 Mar. 1949, IDFA 1046\70\\434. Cited by Morris, 2004, pp. 523-4. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA523" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA523</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Entry for 28 February 1949, Weitz, Diary, IV, 15; and Y Berdichevsky to Machnes, 3 Mar 1949, ISA MAM 297\60. Cited by Morris, 2004, p. 524 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA524" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA524</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Alfalouja text of "All that Remains" by Professor Walid Khalidi, Institute for Palestine Studies (November 1992). Archived from the original on 2007-06-15. Retrieved 2015-03-27. <a href="http://www.jerusalemiloveyou.net/spip.php?article51" target="_blank">http://www.jerusalemiloveyou.net/spip.php?article51</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>Entry for 28 February 1949, Weitz, Diary, IV, 15; and Y Berdichevsky to Machnes, 3 Mar 1949, ISA MAM 297\60. Cited by Morris, 2004, p. 524 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA524" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA524</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Rabin to 3rd Brigade, 26 April 1949, IDFA 979\51\\17. Cited by Morris, 2004, p. 524 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA524" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA524</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>