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Ammonium metavanadate
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<h2 id="synthesis-and-structure">Synthesis and structure</h2> <p>The compound is prepared by the addition of ammonium salts to solutions of vanadate ions, generated by dissolution of <a href="/facts/Vanadium(V)_oxide/LPtvz4pq">V2O5</a> in basic aqueous solutions, such as hot sodium carbonate. The compound precipitates as a colourless solid.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> This precipitation step can be slow. </p><p>The compound adopts a polymeric structure consisting of chains of [VO3]−, formed as corner-sharing VO4 tetrahedra. These chains are interconnected via <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_bond/85V86IIg">hydrogen bonds</a> with <a href="/facts/Ammonium/jYm8wc1n">ammonium</a> ions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ball-and-stick_model/0FQhyys8">ball-and-stick model</a></td><td>polyhedral model</td><td>[(VO3)n]n− chains</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="uses">Uses</h2> <p>Vanadium is often purified from aqueous extracts of slags and ore by selective precipitation of ammonium metavanadate. The material is then roasted to give <a href="/facts/Vanadium_pentoxide/LPtvz4pq">vanadium pentoxide</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> 2 NH4VO3 → V2O5 + 2 NH3 + H2O <h3>Other</h3> <p>Vanadates can behave as structural mimics of phosphates, and in this way they exhibit biological activity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>Ammonium metavanadate is used to prepare <a href="/facts/Mandelin_reagent/jh91eY8o">Mandelin reagent</a>, a qualitative test for <a href="/facts/Alkaloid/m6hUXohz">alkaloids</a>. </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Günter Bauer, Volker Güther, Hans Hess, Andreas Otto, Oskar Roidl, Heinz Roller, Siegfried Sattelberger "Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_367 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>G. Brauer "Ammonium Metavanadate" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1272. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Robert H. Baker, Harry Zimmerman, R. N. Maxson "Ammonium Metavanadate" Inorganic Syntheses, 1950, Vol. 3, 117-118. doi:10.1002/9780470132340.ch30 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Vladimír Syneček and František Hanic (1954). "The crystal structure of ammonium metavanadate". Czechoslovak Journal of Physics. 4 (2): 120–129. Bibcode:1954CzJPh...4..120S. doi:10.1007/BF01687750. S2CID 97890604. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Günter Bauer, Volker Güther, Hans Hess, Andreas Otto, Oskar Roidl, Heinz Roller, Siegfried Sattelberger "Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_367 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Korbecki, Jan; Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena; Gutowska, Izabela; Chlubek, Dariusz "Biochemical and medical importance of vanadium compounds" Acta Biochimica Polonica 2012, vol. 59, pp. 195-200. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Crans, D. C.; Chatterjee, P. B. "Vanadium Biochemistry" Reedijk, Jan; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth, Eds. Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II (2013), 3, 323-342. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097774-4.00324-7 <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Poeppelmeier" target="_blank">/wiki/Kenneth_Poeppelmeier</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>