Side-scrolling video game

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<h3>Side-scrolling space/vehicle games (1977–1985)</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Shoot_%27em_up/dyAgF51H">Shoot 'em up</a>, <a href="/facts/Platform_game/KJnmd0Il">Platform game</a>, and <a href="/facts/Racing_game/szkhmK4d">Racing game</a>
<a href="/facts/Sega/f9TY2kyl">Sega</a>'s Bomber was a side-scrolling <a href="/facts/Shooter_video_game/CcCtH1mD">shooter video game</a> released for arcades in April 1977.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> Side-scrolling was later popularized by side-scrolling <a href="/facts/Shoot_%27em_ups/dyAgF51H">shoot 'em ups</a> in the early 1980s. <a href="/facts/Defender_(video_game)/4Xw2K2Dq">Defender</a>, demonstrated by <a href="/facts/Williams_Electronics/kfVWKka5">Williams Electronics</a> in late 1980 and entering production in early 1981, allowed side-scrolling in both directions with wrap-around, extending the boundaries of the game world, while also including a <a href="/facts/Mini-map/XBk5oY5x">mini-map</a> radar. <a href="/facts/Scramble_(video_game)/7SLUF7wy">Scramble</a>, released by <a href="/facts/Konami/pBu2rpta">Konami</a> in early 1981, had continuous scrolling in a single direction and was the first side-scroller with multiple distinct <a href="/facts/Level_(video_games)/jj3NuhAx">levels</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a>
The first scrolling <a href="/facts/Platform_game/KJnmd0Il">platform game</a> was <a href="/facts/Jump_Bug/g35LJ26H">Jump Bug</a>, a platform-shooter released in 1981. Players controlled a bouncing car and navigated it to jump on various platforms like buildings, clouds, and hills. While it primarily scrolls horizontally, one section includes coarse vertical scrolling.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> <a href="/facts/Taito/BW9Dl8jh">Taito</a>'s first attempt at a side-scrolling <a href="/facts/Platform_game/KJnmd0Il">platformer</a> was the arcade game <a href="/facts/Jungle_Hunt/V2INhIy6">Jungle King</a> (1982), later altered and renamed to Jungle Hunt due to legal controversy over similarities to <a href="/facts/Tarzan/DMjBa2xo">Tarzan</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>
The side-scrolling format was enhanced by <a href="/facts/Parallax_scrolling/pXPNCUo3">parallax scrolling</a>, which gives an illusion of depth. The background images are presented in multiple layers that scroll at different rates, so objects closer to the horizon scroll slower than objects closer to the viewer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Some parallax scrolling was used in Jump Bug.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> It used a limited form of parallax scrolling with the main scene scrolling while the starry night sky is fixed and clouds move slowly, adding depth to the scenery. The following year, <a href="/facts/Irem/IcuaHWHE">Irem</a>'s <a href="/facts/Moon_Patrol/3S6EFUbD">Moon Patrol</a> (1982) implemented a full form of parallax scrolling, with three separate background layers scrolling at different speeds, simulating the distance between them.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> Moon Patrol is often credited with popularizing parallax scrolling.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> Jungle Hunt also had parallax scrolling<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> and was released the same month as Moon Patrol in June 1982.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
<a href="/facts/Activision/NmDDD1wW">Activision</a> published two side-scrolling <a href="/facts/Racing_games/szkhmK4d">racing games</a> for the <a href="/facts/Atari_VCS/wSTCRAvp">Atari VCS</a> in 1982: the biplane-based <a href="/facts/Barnstorming_(video_game)/9Mu3fHvV">Barnstorming</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> and the top-view <a href="/facts/Grand_Prix_(video_game)/esdwyNq9">Grand Prix</a>. By 1984, there were other racing games played from a side-scrolling view, including <a href="/facts/Nintendo/dMrLpaHu">Nintendo</a>'s <a href="/facts/Excitebike/m5LrgIXG">Excitebike</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> <a href="/facts/SNK/SJ95qGKk">SNK</a>'s <a href="/facts/List_of_SNK_games/ff6ExzpU">Jumping Cross</a>[<a href="/facts/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS/8a6NWTwL">broken anchor</a>].<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> and <a href="/facts/Mystic_Marathon/x9zTw73f">Mystic Marathon</a> from <a href="/facts/Williams_Electronics/kfVWKka5">Williams Electronics</a>, a footrace between fantasy creatures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>
In 1985, Konami's side-scrolling shooter: <a href="/facts/Gradius/0DXQhDId">Gradius</a> gave the player greater control over the choice of weaponry, thus introducing another element of strategy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> The game also introduced the need for the player to memorize levels in order to achieve any measure of success.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> Gradius, with its iconic protagonist, defined the side-scrolling <a href="/facts/Shoot_%27em_up/dyAgF51H">shoot 'em up</a> and spawned a series spanning several sequels.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>

<h3>Side-scrolling character action games (1984–1995)</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Action_game/nKkAcggC">Action game</a>
In the mid-1980s, side-scrolling character <a href="/facts/Action_game/nKkAcggC">action games</a> (also called "side-scrolling action games" or side-scrolling "character-driven" games) emerged, combining elements from earlier side-view, single-screen character action games, such as single-screen <a href="/facts/Platform_games/KJnmd0Il">platform games</a>, with the side-scrolling of space/vehicle games, such as scrolling space <a href="/facts/Shoot_%27em_ups/dyAgF51H">shoot 'em ups</a>. These new side-scrolling character-driven action games featured large characters <a href="/facts/Sprite_(computer_graphics)/qLHf8V8e">sprites</a> in colorful, side-scrolling environments, with the core gameplay consisting of fighting large groups of weaker enemies, using attacks/weapons such as punches, kicks, guns, swords, <a href="/facts/Ninjutsu/XkS6wMTs">ninjutsu</a> or magic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>
The most notable early example was <a href="/facts/Irem/IcuaHWHE">Irem</a>'s <a href="/facts/Kung-Fu_Master_(video_game)/q1w2FrBD">Kung-Fu Master</a> (1984),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> the first and most influential side-scrolling <a href="/facts/Martial_arts/IhdD9nVI">martial arts</a> action game.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> It adapted combat mechanics similar to single-screen <a href="/facts/Fighting_game/7Y7FaQTK">fighting game</a> <a href="/facts/Karate_Champ/bYeB1NvH">Karate Champ</a> (1984) for a side-scrolling format,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> along with adapting elements from two <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong_martial_arts/QveGUtK3">Hong Kong martial arts</a> films, <a href="/facts/Bruce_Lee/2yoY2eL6">Bruce Lee</a>'s <a href="/facts/Game_of_Death/JQ4a3oL9">Game of Death</a> (1973) and <a href="/facts/Jackie_Chan/9P10nhSV">Jackie Chan</a>'s <a href="/facts/Wheels_on_Meals/dDIBnAt0">Wheels on Meals</a> (1984),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> and had elements such as end-of-level <a href="/facts/Boss_battles/0emjxCls">boss battles</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> as well as <a href="/facts/Health_meter/YYEzz8oU">health meters</a> for the <a href="/facts/Player_character/YAfuo6f2">player character</a> and bosses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>
The side-scrolling character action game format was popular from the mid-1980s to the 1990s. Popular examples included <a href="/facts/Ninja/T6x4eMkV">ninja</a> action games such as <a href="/facts/Taito/BW9Dl8jh">Taito</a>'s <a href="/facts/The_Legend_of_Kage/vDfdXmgG">The Legend of Kage</a> (1985) and Sega's <a href="/facts/Shinobi_(1987_video_game)/oVMv9tsP">Shinobi</a> (1987), <a href="/facts/Beat_%27em_up/4Sq9w9qb">beat 'em up</a> games such as <a href="/facts/Techn%C5%8Ds_Japan/LMASDsF5">Technōs Japan</a>'s <a href="/facts/Renegade_(video_game)/1JuDoUb8">Renegade</a> (1986) and <a href="/facts/Double_Dragon_(video_game)/5cKB842J">Double Dragon</a> (1987),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> and <a href="/facts/Run_and_gun_video_game/dyAgF51H">run and gun video games</a> such as <a href="/facts/Namco/DA5E3xqv">Namco</a>'s <a href="/facts/Rolling_Thunder_(video_game)/K9putCaW">Rolling Thunder</a> (1986)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> and <a href="/facts/Treasure_(company)/zsFoDaNM">Treasure</a>'s <a href="/facts/Gunstar_Heroes/JlEHSvwn">Gunstar Heroes</a> (1993).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> Legend of Kage<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> notably had levels that extend in all directions, while maintained a side-view format. On <a href="/facts/Home_computers/CDEPVd1T">home computers</a>, such as the martial arts game <a href="/facts/Karateka_(video_game)/r0Gfr5gr">Karateka</a> (1984) successfully experimented with adding plot to its <a href="/facts/Fighting_game/7Y7FaQTK">fighting game</a> action, and was also the first side-scroller to include <a href="/facts/Cutscenes/aBheb0Ah">cutscenes</a>.
Character action games also include scrolling platform games like <a href="/facts/Super_Mario_Bros./ryoTeTg7">Super Mario Bros.</a> (1985),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> <a href="/facts/Sonic_the_Hedgehog_(1991_video_game)/fbBzznzr">Sonic the Hedgehog</a> (1991)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> and <a href="/facts/Bubsy/eVmrDm65">Bubsy</a> (1993).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> Super Mario Bros. in particular, released for the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_Entertainment_System/YD59GCQQ">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (NES) console, had a significant impact on the game industry, establishing the conventions of the scrolling platform genre and helping to reinvigorate the North American home <a href="/facts/Video_game_monetization/48o4IWfS">video game market</a> (which had <a href="/facts/Video_game_crash_of_1983/dvAcwzmf">crashed in 1983</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> It combined the platform gameplay of <a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)/C6LxVrLl">Donkey Kong</a> (1981) and <a href="/facts/Mario_Bros./sBGmD3xh">Mario Bros.</a> (1983) with side-scrolling elements from the racer Excitebike and the beat 'em up Kung-Fu Master,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> and was more expansive than earlier side-scrollers,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> striking a balance between <a href="/facts/Arcade_genre/dCRltFVF">arcade-like</a> action and longer play sessions suited for home systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>

<h4>Beat 'em ups</h4>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Beat_%27em_up/4Sq9w9qb">Beat 'em up</a>
In 1984, <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong_action_cinema/QveGUtK3">Hong Kong cinema</a>-inspired <a href="/facts/Kung-Fu_Master_(video_game)/q1w2FrBD">Kung-Fu Master</a> laid the foundations for side-scrolling <a href="/facts/Beat_%27em_up/4Sq9w9qb">beat 'em ups</a>, by simplifying the combat of Karate Champ and introducing numerous enemies along a side-scrolling playfield.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> In 1986, <a href="/facts/Techn%C5%8Ds_Japan/LMASDsF5">Technōs Japan</a>'s <a href="/facts/Renegade_(video_game)/1JuDoUb8">Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun</a> introduced street brawling to the genre. The Western adaptation Renegade (released the same year) added an underworld revenge plot that proved more popular with gamers than the principled combat sport of other games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> Renegade set the standard for future beat 'em up games as it introduced the ability to move both <a href="/facts/Belt_scroll/tPEjrRM8">horizontally and vertically</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a>
In 1987, the release of <a href="/facts/Double_Dragon_(video_game)/5cKB842J">Double Dragon</a> ushered in a "Golden Age" for the beat 'em up a genre that lasted nearly 5 years. The game was designed as <a href="/facts/Technos_Japan/LMASDsF5">Technos Japan</a>'s spiritual successor to Renegade,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> but it took the genre to new heights with its detailed set of martial arts attacks and its outstanding two-player cooperative gameplay.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> Double Dragon's success largely resulted in a flood of beat 'em ups that came in the late 1980s,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> where acclaimed titles such as <a href="/facts/Golden_Axe/nRwl47jm">Golden Axe</a> and <a href="/facts/Final_Fight_(video_game)/FGaxdyQ5">Final Fight</a> (both 1989) distinguished themselves from the others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a> Final Fight was <a href="/facts/Capcom/XBPVAyhV">Capcom's</a> intended sequel to <a href="/facts/Street_Fighter/5xGYPpqs">Street Fighter</a> (provisionally titled Street Fighter '89),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a> but the company ultimately gave it a new title.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> Acclaimed as the best game in the genre,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> Final Fight spawned two sequels and was later ported to other systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> Golden Axe was acclaimed for its visceral <a href="/facts/Hack_and_slash/4MmevSJJ">hack and slash</a> action and cooperative mode and was influential through its selection of multiple protagonists with distinct fighting styles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> It is considered one of the strongest beat 'em up titles for its fantasy elements, distinguishing it from the urban settings seen in other beat 'em ups.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a>

<h4>Scrolling platform games</h4>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Platform_game/KJnmd0Il">Platform game</a>
In 1984, <a href="/facts/Pac-Land/xngsFvTk">Pac-Land</a> took the scrolling platform game a step further. It was not only a successful title,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> but it more closely resembled later scrolling platformers like <a href="/facts/Wonder_Boy/XakJ95wa">Wonder Boy</a> and <a href="/facts/Super_Mario_Bros./ryoTeTg7">Super Mario Bros.</a> It also has multi-layered <a href="/facts/Parallax_scrolling/pXPNCUo3">parallax scrolling</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> The same year, <a href="/facts/Sega/f9TY2kyl">Sega</a> released <a href="/facts/Flicky/MSY6ExYu">Flicky</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a> a simple platformer with horizontally scrolling levels and first mascot character. <a href="/facts/Namco/DA5E3xqv">Namco</a> followed up Pac-Land with the fantasy-themed <a href="/facts/Dragon_Buster/IhSS080R">Dragon Buster</a> the following year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a>
Nintendo's platform game <a href="/facts/Super_Mario_Bros./ryoTeTg7">Super Mario Bros.</a>, designed by <a href="/facts/Shigeru_Miyamoto/xYoBgNnb">Shigeru Miyamoto</a> and released for the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_Entertainment_System/YD59GCQQ">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> in 1985, became the archetype for many scrolling platformers to follow. It established many of the conventions of the side-scrolling platform genre and struck a balance between <a href="/facts/Arcade_genre/dCRltFVF">arcade-like</a> action and longer play sessions suited for home systems, helping to reinvigorate the North American home video game market.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a> Compared to earlier platformers, Super Mario Bros. was more expansive, with the player having to "strategize while scrolling sideways" over long distances across colorful levels aboveground as well as underground. Its side-scrolling elements were influenced by two earlier side-scrollers that Miyamoto's team worked on, the racer Excitebike and the NES port of beat 'em up Kung-Fu Master.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a> It used the same game engine as Excitebike, which allowed Mario to <a href="/facts/Accelerate/UVDmjYvR">accelerate</a> from a walk to a run, rather than move at a constant speed like earlier platformers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a>
Super Mario Bros. went on to sell over 40 million copies according to the 1999 <a href="/facts/Guinness_Book_of_World_Records/Az88wVWk">Guinness Book of World Records</a>. Its success contributed greatly to popularizing the genre during the 8-bit console generation. <a href="/facts/Sega/f9TY2kyl">Sega</a> attempted to emulate this success with their <a href="/facts/Alex_Kidd/74jtaFC2">Alex Kidd</a> series, as well as with the <a href="/facts/Wonder_Boy/XakJ95wa">Wonder Boy</a> series. The later Wonder Boy games were also notable for combining <a href="/facts/Adventure_game/jXMz5Ds8">adventure</a> and <a href="/facts/Role_Playing_Game/bN0QjhPs">role-playing</a> elements with traditional platforming.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a>

<h4>Run and gun</h4>
Further information: <a href="/facts/Run_and_gun_video_game/dyAgF51H">Run and gun video game</a> and <a href="/facts/Shooter_game/CcCtH1mD">Shooter game</a>
In 1984, <a href="/facts/Bangai-O/zhGc3CN1">Hover Attack</a> for the <a href="/facts/Sharp_X1/CKbqVvMK">Sharp X1</a> was an early <a href="/facts/Run_and_gun_(video_game)/dyAgF51H">run & gun</a> shooter that freely scrolled in all directions and allowed the player to shoot diagonally as well as straight ahead. 1985 saw the release of <a href="/facts/Thexder/gW5RIKfc">Thexder</a>, a breakthrough title for platform shooters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a>
Run and gun video games became popular during the mid-to-late 1980s, with titles such as <a href="/facts/Konami/pBu2rpta">Konami</a>'s <a href="/facts/Rush%27n_Attack/xMw1PhDd">Green Beret</a> (1985)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> and <a href="/facts/Namco/DA5E3xqv">Namco</a>'s <a href="/facts/Rolling_Thunder_(video_game)/K9putCaW">Rolling Thunder</a> (1986).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> 1987's <a href="/facts/Contra_(video_game)/pt4xYDhK">Contra</a> was acclaimed for its multi-directional aiming and two-player cooperative gameplay.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a> However, by the early 1990s and with the <a href="/facts/History_of_video_game_consoles_(fourth_generation)/cB4oJnpS">popularity of 16-bit consoles</a>, the scrolling shooter genre was overcrowded, with developers struggling to make their games stand out.

<h3>IBM PC compatibles</h3>
Side-scrolling was a well-known phenomenon in arcades, and <a href="/facts/Home_computer/CDEPVd1T">home computer</a> and <a href="/facts/Console_games/3RoDIJPA">console games</a> of the 1980s, as they often possessed hardware optimized for the task like the <a href="/facts/Atari_8-bit_computers/aT04N5zR">Atari 8-bit computers</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> and <a href="/facts/Famicom/YD59GCQQ">Famicom</a>, but <a href="/facts/IBM_compatible/zGUpl7Sh">IBM compatibles</a> did not. Smooth scrolling on IBM PCs using the <a href="/facts/Color_Graphics_Adapter/zcX23HQo">Color Graphics Adapter</a> was a challenge for developers. There were a small number of IBM PC compatible ports of smooth scrolling arcade games in the early 1980s, including <a href="/facts/Moon_Patrol/3S6EFUbD">Moon Patrol</a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a> and <a href="/facts/Defender_(video_game)/4Xw2K2Dq">Defender</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a> The second version of <a href="/facts/Sopwith_(video_game)/uwVjaxxP">Sopwith</a>, released in 1986, also had smooth scrolling.
In 1990 <a href="/facts/John_D._Carmack/PKRfqBQn">John Carmack</a>, then working for <a href="/facts/Softdisk/tksXjNGc">Softdisk</a>, combined horizontal smooth scrolling feature of the <a href="/facts/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter/VFU5QRyp">Enhanced Graphics Adapter</a> with a software technique he called <a href="/facts/Adaptive_tile_refresh/4wDxd9mm">adaptive tile refresh</a>. It was demonstrated in the <a href="/facts/Proof_of_concept/1YzUH8LJ">proof-of-concept</a> game Dangerous Dave in Copyright Infringement, which was a clone of the first level of <a href="/facts/Super_Mario_Bros._3/RaXFMqkB">Super Mario Bros. 3</a>, but with Mario replaced by the character <a href="/facts/Dangerous_Dave/8Rh4oTVW">Dangerous Dave</a> of earlier Softdisk games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a> This led Carmack and others at Softdisk to resign and form their own company, <a href="/facts/Id_Software/NsbHCMsV">id Software</a>. Id Software released <a href="/facts/Commander_Keen/oMKeBN1l">Commander Keen</a> the same year, which was the first publicly available MS-DOS <a href="/facts/Platform_game/KJnmd0Il">platform game</a> with smoothly-scrolling graphics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/2.5D/yYrVGBAY">2.5D</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Flip-screen/KvCvXrMA">Flip-screen</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Parallax_scrolling/pXPNCUo3">Parallax scrolling</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Scrolling/tPEjrRM8">Scrolling</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Vertically_scrolling_video_game/EdYvUnHm">Vertically scrolling video game</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Platformer/KJnmd0Il">Platformer</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="sources">Sources</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Steven_L._Kent/B4lwCElI">Steven L. Kent</a> (2001). <a href="/facts/The_Ultimate_History_of_Video_Games/dDrHKjDH">The Ultimate History of Video Games</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780761536437.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">IGN Presents the History of SEGA: Coming Home , IGN <a href="http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/974/974695p2.html" target="_blank">http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/974/974695p2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"ボンバー" [Bomber]. Sega (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 May 2021. <a href="https://sega.jp/history/arcade/product/9580/" target="_blank">https://sega.jp/history/arcade/product/9580/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Sega Arcade History. Famitsu DC (in Japanese). Enterbrain. 2002. p. 33. <a href="https://archive.org/details/segaarcadehistoryfamitsudc/page/n34" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/segaarcadehistoryfamitsudc/page/n34</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Game Genres: Shmups, Jim Whitehead, January 29, 2007. Retrieved June 17, 2008. Archived June 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/classes/cmps080k/Winter07/lectures/shmups.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/classes/cmps080k/Winter07/lectures/shmups.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">IGN: The Leif Ericson Awards, IGN <a href="http://retro.ign.com/articles/861/861550p2.html" target="_blank">http://retro.ign.com/articles/861/861550p2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Lendino, Jamie (27 September 2020). Attract Mode: The Rise and Fall of Coin-Op Arcade Games. Steel Gear Press. pp. 222–3. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d6wCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA222" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=d6wCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA222</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"History of Computing: Video games - Golden Age". Thocp.net. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Retrieved 2018-01-09. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113081152/http://www.thocp.net/software/games/golden_age.htm#MoonPatrol" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180113081152/http://www.thocp.net/software/games/golden_age.htm#MoonPatrol</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Purcaru, Bogdan Ion (13 March 2014). "Games vs. Hardware. The History of PC video games: The 80's". Purcaru Ion Bogdan – via Google Books. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lB4PAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=lB4PAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Uduslivii, Igor (26 December 2013). iPhone Game Blueprints. Packt Publishing Ltd. p. 339. ISBN 978-1-84969-027-0. <a href="978-1-84969-027-0" target="_blank">978-1-84969-027-0</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"History of Computing: Video games - Golden Age". Thocp.net. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Retrieved 2018-01-09. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113081152/http://www.thocp.net/software/games/golden_age.htm#MoonPatrol" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180113081152/http://www.thocp.net/software/games/golden_age.htm#MoonPatrol</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Jungle Hunt Was a Terrible Waste of Quarters". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-27. <a href="http://retrovolve.com/jungle-hunt-was-a-terrible-waste-of-quarters/" target="_blank">http://retrovolve.com/jungle-hunt-was-a-terrible-waste-of-quarters/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971-2005) [Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971-2005)] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. pp. 13, 42. ISBN 978-4990251215. <a href="978-4990251215" target="_blank">978-4990251215</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Barnstorming". Atari Mania. <a href="http://www.atarimania.com/game-atari-2600-vcs-barnstorming_11534.html" target="_blank">http://www.atarimania.com/game-atari-2600-vcs-barnstorming_11534.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Excitebike at the Killer List of Videogames, <a href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=7725" target="_blank">https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=7725</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Jumping Cross at the Killer List of Videogames <a href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=12730" target="_blank">https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=12730</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Mystic Marathon". Arcade Museum. <a href="http://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=8803" target="_blank">http://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=8803</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Game Genres: Shmups, Jim Whitehead, January 29, 2007. Retrieved June 17, 2008. Archived June 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/classes/cmps080k/Winter07/lectures/shmups.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/classes/cmps080k/Winter07/lectures/shmups.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Brian Ashcraft (2008), Arcade Mania! The Turbo-Charged World of Japan's Game Centers, p. 76, Kodansha International <a href="/wiki/Kodansha_International" target="_blank">/wiki/Kodansha_International</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Kasavin, Greg, Gradius Collection Review, GameSpot, June 7, 2006 Accessed February 12, 2009 <a href="https://archive.today/20120703144918/http://uk.gamespot.com/psp/action/gradiusportable/review.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gssummary&tag=summary;read-review" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20120703144918/http://uk.gamespot.com/psp/action/gradiusportable/review.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gssummary&tag=summary;read-review</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Gregersen, Andreas (19 July 2016). "Hit It: Core Cognitive Structures and the Fighting Game". In Perron, Bernard; Schröter, Felix (eds.). Video Games and the Mind: Essays on Cognition, Affect and Emotion. McFarland & Company. pp. 61–3. ISBN 978-1-4766-2627-7. <a href="978-1-4766-2627-7" target="_blank">978-1-4766-2627-7</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Gregersen, Andreas (19 July 2016). "Hit It: Core Cognitive Structures and the Fighting Game". In Perron, Bernard; Schröter, Felix (eds.). Video Games and the Mind: Essays on Cognition, Affect and Emotion. McFarland & Company. pp. 61–3. ISBN 978-1-4766-2627-7. <a href="978-1-4766-2627-7" target="_blank">978-1-4766-2627-7</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Spencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups, Eurogamer, Feb 6, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009 <a href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/the-tao-of-beat-em-ups-article?page=2" target="_blank">http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/the-tao-of-beat-em-ups-article?page=2</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Dellafrana, Danilo (29 August 2017). "Le origini di Street Fighter". The Games Machine (in Italian). Retrieved 20 March 2021. <a href="https://www.thegamesmachine.it/speciali/90208/street-fighter/" target="_blank">https://www.thegamesmachine.it/speciali/90208/street-fighter/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Stuart, Keith (9 April 2014). "Bruce Lee, UFC and why the martial arts star is a video game hero". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2020. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/09/bruce-lee-ea-sports-" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/09/bruce-lee-ea-sports-</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Viewpoint". GameFan. Vol. 1, no. 10. September 1993. pp. 14–5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/Gamefan_Vol_1_Issue_10/page/n13/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/Gamefan_Vol_1_Issue_10/page/n13/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Legend of Kage". Arcade History. Retrieved 2007-01-31. <a href="http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=the-legend-of-kage&page=detail&id=1369" target="_blank">http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=the-legend-of-kage&page=detail&id=1369</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Horowitz, Ken (21 October 2016). Playing at the Next Level: A History of American Sega Games. McFarland & Company. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-7864-9994-6. <a href="978-0-7864-9994-6" target="_blank">978-0-7864-9994-6</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Conference Proceedings: Conference, March 15-19 : Expo, March 16-18, San Jose, CA : the Game Development Platform for Real Life. The Conference. 1999. p. 299. what do you get if you put Sonic the Hedgehog (or any other character action game for that matter) in 3D <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_UA-AQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=_UA-AQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Now Playing". Nintendo Power. No. 50. July 1993. pp. 102–4. <a href="https://archive.org/details/Nintendo_Power_Issue001-Issue127/Nintendo%20Power%20Issue%20050%20July%201993/page/n105/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/Nintendo_Power_Issue001-Issue127/Nintendo%20Power%20Issue%20050%20July%201993/page/n105/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Horowitz, Ken (30 July 2020). Beyond Donkey Kong: A History of Nintendo Arcade Games. McFarland & Company. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-4766-4176-8. <a href="978-1-4766-4176-8" target="_blank">978-1-4766-4176-8</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Shigeru Miyamoto (December 2010). Super Mario Bros. 25th Anniversary - Interview with Shigeru Miyamoto #2 (in Japanese). Nintendo Channel. Archived from the original on 2021-11-18. Retrieved 12 April 2021. <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" target="_blank">/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Spencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups, Eurogamer, Feb 6, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009 <a href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/the-tao-of-beat-em-ups-article?page=2" target="_blank">http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/the-tao-of-beat-em-ups-article?page=2</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">Kunkel, Bill; Worley, Joyce; Katz, Arnie, "The Furious Fists of Sega!", Computer Gaming World, Oct 1988, pp. 48-49 <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Spencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups (part 2), EuroGamer, Feb 12, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009 <a href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/a_taoofbeatemups_pt2_retro" target="_blank">http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/a_taoofbeatemups_pt2_retro</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Evolution of a Genre: Beat 'Em Ups, ABC Television, Nov 6, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2009. <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/tv/goodgame/stories/s2067970.htm" target="_blank">http://www.abc.net.au/tv/goodgame/stories/s2067970.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Spencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups (part 2), EuroGamer, Feb 12, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009 <a href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/a_taoofbeatemups_pt2_retro" target="_blank">http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/a_taoofbeatemups_pt2_retro</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">Spencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups (part 2), EuroGamer, Feb 12, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009 <a href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/a_taoofbeatemups_pt2_retro" target="_blank">http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/a_taoofbeatemups_pt2_retro</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">Cassidy, William, Hall of Fame: Double Dragon Archived 2009-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, Gamespy, Jan 5, 2003, Accessed, March 24, 2009 <a href="http://www.gamespy.com/articles/488/488826p1.html" target="_blank">http://www.gamespy.com/articles/488/488826p1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">Cassidy, William, Hall of Fame: Double Dragon Archived 2009-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, Gamespy, Jan 5, 2003, Accessed, March 24, 2009 <a href="http://www.gamespy.com/articles/488/488826p1.html" target="_blank">http://www.gamespy.com/articles/488/488826p1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">Spencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups (part 2), EuroGamer, Feb 12, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009 <a href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/a_taoofbeatemups_pt2_retro" target="_blank">http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/a_taoofbeatemups_pt2_retro</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">Did You Know? Volume 1: Street Fighter '89 Archived 2008-07-01 at the Wayback Machine, Capcom, Accessed Aug 17, 2009 <a href="http://www.snk-capcom.com/didyouknow/archives/00000001.htm" target="_blank">http://www.snk-capcom.com/didyouknow/archives/00000001.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">Kalata, Kurt, Final Fight Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, Hardcore Gaming 101, Accessed Feb 04, 2010 <a href="http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/finalfight/finalfight.htm" target="_blank">http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/finalfight/finalfight.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">Navarro, Alex, Final Fight Review Archived 2009-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, GameSpot, May 10, 2007, Accessed Mar 21 2009 <a href="http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/finalfight/review.html" target="_blank">http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/finalfight/review.html</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">Ashcraft, Brian, Clip: Top Ten Beat 'Em Ups Archived 2009-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, Kotaku, Mar 16, 2007, Accessed Mar 21, 2009 <a href="https://kotaku.com/244633/clip-top-ten-beat-em-ups" target="_blank">https://kotaku.com/244633/clip-top-ten-beat-em-ups</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">Kalata, Kurt, Final Fight Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, Hardcore Gaming 101, Accessed Feb 04, 2010 <a href="http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/finalfight/finalfight.htm" target="_blank">http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/finalfight/finalfight.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">Kasavin, Greg, Golden Axe Review Archived 2007-01-28 at the Wayback Machine, GameSpot, Dec 1, 2006, Accessed Mar 19, 2009 <a href="http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/goldenaxegen/review.html" target="_blank">http://uk.gamespot.com/wii/action/goldenaxegen/review.html</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">Cassidy, William, Hall of Fame: Golden Axe Archived 2009-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, GameSpy, June 8, 2003. Retrieved March 24, 2009. <a href="http://www.gamespy.com/articles/495/495400p1.html" target="_blank">http://www.gamespy.com/articles/495/495400p1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">"Pac-Land". Arcade History. Retrieved 2006-11-21. <a href="http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=pac-land&page=detail&id=1913" target="_blank">http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=pac-land&page=detail&id=1913</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">"Namco History Vol 4". Anime Densetsu. Retrieved 2006-11-24. <a href="http://www.densetsu.com/display.php?id=3&style=alphabetical" target="_blank">http://www.densetsu.com/display.php?id=3&style=alphabetical</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">"KLOV: Flicky". KLOV. Retrieved 2007-01-31. <a href="http://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=7825" target="_blank">http://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=7825</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">"Dragon Buster". Arcade History. Retrieved 2007-01-31. <a href="http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=dragon-buster&page=detail&id=694" target="_blank">http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=dragon-buster&page=detail&id=694</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">Horowitz, Ken (30 July 2020). Beyond Donkey Kong: A History of Nintendo Arcade Games. McFarland & Company. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-4766-4176-8. <a href="978-1-4766-4176-8" target="_blank">978-1-4766-4176-8</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">Shigeru Miyamoto (December 2010). Super Mario Bros. 25th Anniversary - Interview with Shigeru Miyamoto #2 (in Japanese). Nintendo Channel. Archived from the original on 2021-11-18. Retrieved 12 April 2021. <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" target="_blank">/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">"Hardcore Gaming 101: Wonderboy". Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from the original on 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2010-02-04. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107185101/http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/wonderboy/wonderboy.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100107185101/http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/wonderboy/wonderboy.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">IGN: The Leif Ericson Awards, IGN <a href="http://retro.ign.com/articles/861/861550p2.html" target="_blank">http://retro.ign.com/articles/861/861550p2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:67">Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design, and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6, 152–4. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1. <a href="978-1-317-50381-1" target="_blank">978-1-317-50381-1</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:69">"Chapter 6: Scrolling". De Re Atari. Atari, Inc. 1982. <a href="http://www.atariarchives.org/dere/chapt06.php" target="_blank">http://www.atariarchives.org/dere/chapt06.php</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:73">"Guinness World Records: First PC platform game to feature smooth scrolling". Retrieved 18 July 2012. <a href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-6000/first-pc-platform-game-to-feature-smooth-scrolling/" target="_blank">http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-6000/first-pc-platform-game-to-feature-smooth-scrolling/</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Side-scrolling video game open-in-new

Side-scrolling video game