1.1.1.1

<h2 id="service">Service</h2>
The 1.1.1.1 DNS service operates recursive name servers for public use at the twelve <a href="/facts/IP_address/z9V22Sw9">IP addresses</a> listed below.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> These addresses are mapped to the nearest operational server by <a href="/facts/Anycast/d6lUjbno">anycast</a> routing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> The DNS service is also available for <a href="/facts/Tor_(anonymity_network)/Wj6jjkx1">Tor</a> clients.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Users can set up the service by manually changing their DNS resolvers to the IP addresses below. Mobile users on both Android and iPhone have the alternative of downloading the 1.1.1.1 mobile application, which automatically configures the DNS resolvers on the device.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>

<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>1.1.1.1</th><th colspan="2">1.1.1.1 for Families</th></tr><tr><th>Filters <a href="/facts/Domain_name/FDLD2m5G">domains</a></th><td rowspan="2">No<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a></td><td colspan="2">Yes<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></td></tr><tr><th>Passes <a href="/facts/EDNS_Client_Subnet/uw0ktxm9">ECS</a></th><td colspan="2">No</td></tr><tr><th>Validates <a href="/facts/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions/cL9zwhjj">DNSSEC</a></th><td>Yes</td><td colspan="2">Yes</td></tr><tr><th>Via <a href="/facts/DNS_over_HTTPS/lLQMrGIk">DoH</a></th><td>https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a></td><td>https://security.cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query</td><td>https://family.cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query</td></tr><tr><th>Via <a href="/facts/DNS_over_TLS/4LqIexsq">DoT</a></th><td>one.one.one.one<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>1dot1dot1dot1.cloudflare-dns.com</td><td>security.cloudflare-dns.com</td><td>family.cloudflare-dns.com</td></tr><tr><th>Via <a href="/facts/IPv4/bnQ5MEqm">IPv4</a></th><td>1.1.1.11.0.0.1</td><td>1.1.1.21.0.0.2</td><td>1.1.1.31.0.0.3</td></tr><tr><th>Via <a href="/facts/IPv6/d4dg7kIL">IPv6</a></th><td>2606:4700:4700::11112606:4700:4700::1001</td><td>2606:4700:4700::11122606:4700:4700::1002</td><td>2606:4700:4700::11132606:4700:4700::1003</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="technology">Technology</h2>
1.1.1.1 is a recursive DNS resolver. Cloudflare runs an authoritative DNS resolver with a network of over 20 million Internet properties. With the recursor and the resolver on the same network, some DNS queries can be answered directly.[independent source needed]
With the release of the 1.1.1.1 mobile application in November 2018, Cloudflare added the ability for users to encrypt their DNS queries over <a href="/facts/HTTPS/MSWYz4zo">HTTPS</a> (<a href="/facts/DNS_over_HTTPS/lLQMrGIk">DoH</a>) or <a href="/facts/Transport_Layer_Security/pGy16TnA">TLS</a> (<a href="/facts/DNS_over_TLS/4LqIexsq">DoT</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> Later on, a VPN tunnel was implemented based on <a href="/facts/Cloudflare/CmQr5dy4">Cloudflare</a>'s own BoringTun, a <a href="/facts/User_space/0yIzMY8t">user space</a> implementation of <a href="/facts/WireGuard/zSJv87LA">WireGuard</a> written in <a href="/facts/Rust_(programming_language)/8JNMV19F">Rust</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>

<h3>Prior usage of the IP address</h3>
Technology websites noted that by using 1.1.1.1 as the <a href="/facts/IP_address/z9V22Sw9">IP address</a> for its service, Cloudflare exposed misconfigurations in existing setups that violated Internet standards (such as <a href="/facts/RFC_1918/CqVdg83c">RFC 1918</a>). 1.1.1.1 was not a <a href="/facts/Reserved_IP_addresses/Kry30Gpl">reserved IP address</a>, yet was abused by many existing <a href="/facts/Router_(computing)/Nh5cIyVf">routers</a> (mostly those sold by <a href="/facts/Cisco_Systems/ocDgQt6T">Cisco Systems</a>) and companies for hosting login pages to private networks, exit pages or other purposes, rendering the proper routing of 1.1.1.1 impossible on those systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> Additionally, 1.1.1.1 is blocked on many networks and by multiple <a href="/facts/ISP/dUacAxef">ISPs</a> because the simplicity of the address means that it was previously often used inappropriately for testing purposes and not legitimate use.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> These previous uses have led to a huge influx of garbage data to Cloudflare's servers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>

<h3>Cleanup of 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1</h3>
The 1.0.0.0/8 IP block was assigned in 2010 to <a href="/facts/APNIC/X8VM9khM">APNIC</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> before this time it was unassigned space.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> An unassigned IP space, however is not the same as a reserved IP space for private use (called a <a href="/facts/Reserved_IP_addresses/Kry30Gpl">reserved IP address</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> For example, <a href="/facts/AT%2526T/y3Lo9uhk">AT&T</a> has said it is working on fixing this issue<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>[better source needed] within its <a href="/facts/Customer-premises_equipment/dVGqvkWL">CPE</a> hardware.

<h2 id="warp">WARP</h2>
In September 2019, Cloudflare released a <a href="/facts/VPN_service/0PGNDjS6">VPN service</a> called WARP which is built into the 1.1.1.1 app.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> WARP is based on Cloudflare's own <a href="/facts/WireGuard/zSJv87LA">WireGuard</a> implementation written in <a href="/facts/Rust_(programming_language)/8JNMV19F">Rust</a> called BoringTun.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> It tunnels the connection between device and nearest Cloudflare data center, claiming to increase connection speed, encrypting data and DNS requests.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> Connection speed gain is claimed to be achieved by converting TCP to UDP traffic (both <a href="/facts/IPv4/bnQ5MEqm">IPv4</a>, <a href="/facts/IPv6/d4dg7kIL">IPv6</a> are supported), DNS resolution inside Cloudflare's network, and direct access to sites which are using Cloudflare's infrastructure.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>
Although WARP connects to the closest <a href="/facts/Datacentre/DS5wJY41">datacentre</a>, it hides the user's <a href="/facts/IP_address/z9V22Sw9">IP address</a>, instead "replacing" it with a Cloudflare address which represents the user's approximate location.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>

<h3>WARP+ and WARP+ Unlimited</h3>
WARP+ routes users' internet traffic into less congested pathways using Cloudflare's own private backbone called Argo, which makes it much faster than basic WARP. WARP+ is a limited data plan, to get more data to use WARP+, users must refer more people to use the service.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>[34]
WARP+ Unlimited is a paid monthly subscription service to secure more data to use for WARP+ without any data limits.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>[34]

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/8.8.8.8/rBl4078M">8.8.8.8</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/DNS_over_HTTPS/lLQMrGIk">DNS over HTTPS</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/DNS_over_TLS/4LqIexsq">DNS over TLS</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Public_recursive_name_server/a8DYk4Vp">Public recursive name server</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/IPv4/bnQ5MEqm">IPv4</a> and <a href="/facts/IPv6/d4dg7kIL">IPv6</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quad9/YbaFDb5s">Quad9</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://one.one.one.one">Official website</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/">The Cloudflare Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setting-up-1.1.1.1">Cloudflare Docs: Setting up 1.1.1.1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver">Cloudflare Docs: 1.1.1.1 Public DNS Resolver</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Huston, Geoff (April 2, 2018). "APNIC Labs enters into a research agreement with Cloudflare". APNIC Blog. <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/2018/04/02/apnic-labs-enters-into-a-research-agreement-with-cloudflare/" target="_blank">https://blog.apnic.net/2018/04/02/apnic-labs-enters-into-a-research-agreement-with-cloudflare/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Warren, Tom (April 1, 2018). "Cloudflare launches 1.1.1.1 DNS service that will speed up your internet". The Verge. Retrieved June 3, 2024. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/1/17185732/cloudflare-dns-service-1-1-1-1" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/1/17185732/cloudflare-dns-service-1-1-1-1</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Cimpanu, Catalin. "Cloudflare launches Android and iOS apps for its 1.1.1.1 service". ZDNet. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloudflare-launches-android-and-ios-apps-for-its-1-1-1-1-service/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloudflare-launches-android-and-ios-apps-for-its-1-1-1-1-service/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"WARP is here (sorry it took so long)". The Cloudflare Blog. September 25, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2022. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-warp-plus/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-warp-plus/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Set up Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 resolver · Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 docs". Cloudflare Docs. January 17, 2024. Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. Retrieved June 3, 2024. <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setup/" target="_blank">https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setup/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Guðmundsson, Ólafur (April 1, 2018). "Introducing DNS Resolver, 1.1.1.1 (not a joke)". The Cloudflare Blog. Retrieved June 3, 2024. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/dns-resolver-1-1-1-1" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/dns-resolver-1-1-1-1</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Introducing DNS Resolver for Tor". Cloudflare. June 5, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/welcome-hidden-resolver/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/welcome-hidden-resolver/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"1.1.1.1 — The free app that makes your Internet faster". 1.1.1.1. Archived from the original on August 17, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2019. <a href="https://1.1.1.1/" target="_blank">https://1.1.1.1/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Does 1.1.1.1 do web content filtering like Cisco's OpenDNS?". Cloudflare Community. November 11, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://community.cloudflare.com/t/does-1-1-1-1-do-web-content-filtering-like-ciscos-opendns/43780" target="_blank">https://community.cloudflare.com/t/does-1-1-1-1-do-web-content-filtering-like-ciscos-opendns/43780</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Introducing 1.1.1.1 for Families". The Cloudflare Blog. April 1, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-1-1-1-1-for-families/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-1-1-1-1-for-families/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Making requests". The Cloudflare Blog. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827102118/https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/dns-over-https/request-structure" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210827102118/https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/dns-over-https/request-structure</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"DNS over TLS · 1.1.1.1 docs". Cloudflare Docs. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021. <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/encrypted-dns/dns-over-tls#how-it-works" target="_blank">https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/encrypted-dns/dns-over-tls#how-it-works</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Introducing Warp: Fixing Mobile Internet Performance and Security". The Cloudflare Blog. April 1, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2019. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/1111-warp-better-vpn/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/1111-warp-better-vpn/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Krasnov, Vlad (18 December 2018). "BoringTun, a userspace WireGuard implementation in Rust". Cloudflare Blog. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/boringtun-userspace-wireguard-rust/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/boringtun-userspace-wireguard-rust/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"CloudFlare Launches "BoringTun" As Rust-Written WireGuard User-Space Implementation". phoronix.com. Retrieved March 29, 2019. <a href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=CloudFlare-BoringTun-WireGuard" target="_blank">https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=CloudFlare-BoringTun-WireGuard</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"The Technical Challenges of Building Cloudflare WARP". The Cloudflare Blog. September 25, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2019. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/warp-technical-challenges/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/warp-technical-challenges/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Cherry, Denny (April 5, 2018). "5 reasons Cloudflare's roll-out of 1.1.1.1 has been a disaster". Tech Target. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213118/https://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/sql-server/5-reasons-cloudflare-putting-1-1-1-1-horrible/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213118/https://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/sql-server/5-reasons-cloudflare-putting-1-1-1-1-horrible/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"1.1.1.1: Cloudflare's new DNS attracting 'gigabits per second' of rubbish". ZDNet. April 4, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/1-1-1-1-cloudflares-new-dns-attracting-gigabits-per-second-of-rubbish/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/1-1-1-1-cloudflares-new-dns-attracting-gigabits-per-second-of-rubbish/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Cherry, Denny (April 5, 2018). "5 reasons Cloudflare's roll-out of 1.1.1.1 has been a disaster". Tech Target. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213118/https://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/sql-server/5-reasons-cloudflare-putting-1-1-1-1-horrible/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213118/https://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/sql-server/5-reasons-cloudflare-putting-1-1-1-1-horrible/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"1.1.1.1: Cloudflare's new DNS attracting 'gigabits per second' of rubbish". ZDNet. April 4, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/1-1-1-1-cloudflares-new-dns-attracting-gigabits-per-second-of-rubbish/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/1-1-1-1-cloudflares-new-dns-attracting-gigabits-per-second-of-rubbish/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"1/8 and 27/8 allocated to APNIC". NANOG. January 21, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2018. <a href="http://seclists.org/nanog/2010/Jan/776" target="_blank">http://seclists.org/nanog/2010/Jan/776</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">List of assigned /8 IPv4 address blocks <a href="/wiki/List_of_assigned_/8_IPv4_address_blocks" target="_blank">/wiki/List_of_assigned_/8_IPv4_address_blocks</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"Fixing reachability to 1.1.1.1, GLOBALLY!". The Cloudflare Blog. April 10, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2024. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/fixing-reachability-to-1-1-1-1-globally" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/fixing-reachability-to-1-1-1-1-globally</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">@billplein (April 4, 2018). "Well, they did try to throw Cloudflare under the bus a little but I doubt the person responding realizes that 1.1.1.1 isn't a reserved or special IP address. It just looks like one" (Tweet). Archived from the original on February 2, 2019 – via Twitter. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202020419/https://twitter.com/billplein/status/981333404397588480" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190202020419/https://twitter.com/billplein/status/981333404397588480</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Khalid, Amrita (April 2, 2019). "Cloudflare's privacy-focused DNS app adds a free VPN". Engadget. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2019. <a href="https://www.engadget.com/2019/04/01/cloudflares-privacy-focused-dns-app-adds-a-free-vpn/" target="_blank">https://www.engadget.com/2019/04/01/cloudflares-privacy-focused-dns-app-adds-a-free-vpn/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Humphries, Matthew (September 26, 2019). "Cloudflare Finally Launches Warp, But It's Not a Mobile VPN". PCMag. Retrieved November 19, 2022. <a href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/370979/cloudflare-finally-launches-warp-but-its-not-a-mobile-vpn" target="_blank">https://www.pcmag.com/news/370979/cloudflare-finally-launches-warp-but-its-not-a-mobile-vpn</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"1.1.1.1 — The free app that makes your Internet faster". 1.1.1.1. Archived from the original on August 17, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2019. <a href="https://1.1.1.1/" target="_blank">https://1.1.1.1/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"BoringTun, a userspace WireGuard implementation in Rust". The Cloudflare Blog. March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 22, 2023. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/boringtun-userspace-wireguard-rust/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/boringtun-userspace-wireguard-rust/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"WARP is here (sorry it took so long)". The Cloudflare Blog. September 25, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2022. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-warp-plus/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-warp-plus/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"The Technical Challenges of Building Cloudflare WARP". The Cloudflare Blog. September 25, 2019. Retrieved March 22, 2023. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/warp-technical-challenges/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/warp-technical-challenges/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"FAQ · Cloudflare WARP client docs". Cloudflare Docs. November 9, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2024. <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/warp-client/known-issues-and-faq/" target="_blank">https://developers.cloudflare.com/warp-client/known-issues-and-faq/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">"WARP is here (sorry it took so long)". The Cloudflare Blog. September 25, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2022. <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-warp-plus/" target="_blank">https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-warp-plus/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Humphries, Matthew (September 26, 2019). "Cloudflare Finally Launches Warp, But It's Not a Mobile VPN". PCMag. Retrieved November 19, 2022. <a href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/370979/cloudflare-finally-launches-warp-but-its-not-a-mobile-vpn" target="_blank">https://www.pcmag.com/news/370979/cloudflare-finally-launches-warp-but-its-not-a-mobile-vpn</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">Humphries, Matthew (September 26, 2019). "Cloudflare Finally Launches Warp, But It's Not a Mobile VPN". PCMag. Retrieved November 19, 2022. <a href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/370979/cloudflare-finally-launches-warp-but-its-not-a-mobile-vpn" target="_blank">https://www.pcmag.com/news/370979/cloudflare-finally-launches-warp-but-its-not-a-mobile-vpn</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

1.1.1.1 open-in-new

1.1.1.1