Plaion

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<h3>Early history (1994–2015)</h3>

Koch Media was founded in 1994 by Franz Koch (founder of <a href="/facts/Koch_International/sceeATNY">Koch International</a>) and his business partner, Klemens Kundratitz to market and distribute software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> Koch Media operated out of offices in Germany and Austria, while a regional subsidiary, Koch Media Ltd., was opened in England.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> In 1995, Koch Media sold more than 250,000 software licenses, and in 1996, the company began distributing video games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> Another regional subsidiary, Koch Media AG, was formed in Switzerland in 1998.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> A <a href="/facts/Holding_company/nBGIp6rU">holding company</a>, Koch Media Holding, was established in 2000 to unite Koch Media's business areas.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> The same year, Koch Media srl was formed as a regional subsidiary for Italy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
In 2002, Koch Media established <a href="/facts/Deep_Silver/tVYC0TFM">Deep Silver</a> as a video game publishing division to "complement games that [Koch Media] was distributing".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> A film division, Koch Home Entertainment, was announced in June 2003 and formally formed in early October.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> A game label for mass-market games, Fantastic.tv, was announced in November 2003.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> In October 2005, Koch Media acquired French distributor SG Diffusion, which had recently signed with <a href="/facts/NCsoft/rRxVja0A">NCsoft</a> to distribute their game <a href="/facts/Guild_Wars/CcuzAtT5">Guild Wars</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> SG Diffusion was renamed Koch Media SAS in January 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> In February 2006, they established Koch Media Licensing GmbH as their license holding subsidiary.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> Another game label, named Spielen wir (lit. "Let's Play"), was created in July 2008 to publish <a href="/facts/Casual_game/GMwNs85S">casual games</a> under.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> The same month, Koch Media acquired Proein, the Spanish distribution arm of <a href="/facts/SCi_Entertainment/JTDFxrCt">SCi Entertainment</a>, to undisclosed terms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> Proein was renamed Koch Media S.L.U. in January 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> Regional offices for <a href="/facts/Scandinavia/KpLQ40kl">Scandinavian</a> and <a href="/facts/Benelux/nWQHWmFc">Benelux</a> countries, operated by the England subsidiary, were opened in February and July that year, respectively.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> In March 2012, Koch Media had 250 employees.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> The creation of another game publishing label named Ravenscourt, focusing on <a href="/facts/Simulation_game/Cg6yt1Mx">simulation games</a>, was announced in March 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> In August 2015, Koch Media Licensing GmbH was renamed Koch Films GmbH and absorbed the operations of the former Koch Home Entertainment division.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>

<h3>Under Embracer Group (2018–present)</h3>
On 14 February 2018, Koch Media Holding was acquired by <a href="/facts/THQ_Nordic_AB/XxoA7o6U">THQ Nordic AB</a> (later known as Embracer Group), a Swedish video game holding company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> The purchase agreement was signed at 8:00 AM, and the deal was announced that same day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> The deal comprised a purchase price of <a href="/facts/Euro/NWG2nlCx">€</a>91.5 million, split into <a href="/facts/Euro/NWG2nlCx">€</a>66 million in cash paid at closure of the deal (which was expected to occur later on the same day), €9.5 million in stock to be paid by 15 June 2018, and another €16 million in cash to be paid by 14 August 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> The total consideration for Koch Media's share capital amounted to €121 million on a cash and debt-free basis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>
Koch and Kundratitz had owned 90% and 10% in the company, respectively, and both of them sold their shares, and THQ Nordic AB became the sole owner of the company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> According to manager Reinhard Gratl, the sale primarily came about because Koch wanted to retire, and no one in his family was interested in taking over the business.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> He asked for all money to be paid to Koch Media instead of him, so the company could profit from the deal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> Koch resigned from Koch Media on the same day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> Koch Media's management, consisting of <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a> Kundratitz, <a href="/facts/Chief_financial_officer/MUJ9Cggg">chief financial officer</a> Gratl and <a href="/facts/Chief_operating_officer/2tbaQsmn">chief operating officer</a> Stefan Kapelari, was subsequently joined by THQ Nordic AB's Erik Stenberg.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>
On 13 February 2019, Koch Media entered into an agreement to acquire Czech developer <a href="/facts/Warhorse_Studios/RkupVvDw">Warhorse Studios</a>. Warhorse's game <a href="/facts/Kingdom_Come:_Deliverance/1kXzswzB">Kingdom Come: Deliverance</a> had been co-published by Deep Silver exactly one year prior, and Koch Media paid €42.8 million, equal to Warhorse's 2018 earnings, to seize ownership over the studio and its <a href="/facts/Intellectual_property/PqHW9mVP">intellectual property</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> The acquisition closed later that day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> Also on the same day, it was announced that Koch Media had also acquired 18point2, an Australian publishing partner, for €1.9 million, aiming at establishing a stronger presence in the Australian market for Koch Media.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> The two acquisitions added 120 and 8 employees, respectively, to Koch Media's staff.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a>
In June 2019, THQ Nordic AB acquired KSM GmbH, a German distributor of <a href="/facts/Anime_film/d5j1by0m">anime films</a>, from its founder and <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a> (CEO), Benjamin Krause.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> KSM is to be merged into Koch Films.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a> Also acquired was Gaya Entertainment, a <a href="/facts/Merchandise/1bqc9qV0">merchandise</a> production company; Nordic Games Group, a holding company controlled by THQ Nordic AB CEO Lars Wingefors, sold the subsidiary to THQ Nordic AB for €1 at the end of the latter's first <a href="/facts/Fiscal_quarter/qcR3PIXe">fiscal quarter</a> of 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> Gaya Entertainment is to be consolidated with Koch Media's operations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> On 14 August 2019, Koch Media agreed to fully acquire <a href="/facts/Racing_game/szkhmK4d">racing game</a> developer <a href="/facts/Milestone_srl/eAv0n1QK">Milestone srl</a> and all of its intellectual property for €44.9 million paid in cash.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> The acquisition was completed later that day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>
Koch Films acquired Sola Media, a Stuttgart, Germany-based television-and-film licenser for children and family properties, in August 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> Later that month, Koch Media opened offices in <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/facts/Tokyo/GTvuw4ct">Tokyo</a>, both headed by Kundratitz, to expand publishing operations in <a href="/facts/Southeast_Asia/VafwT517">Southeast Asia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a>
In September 2020, Koch Media acquired Vertigo Games, who develops, publishes, and distributes games exclusively for virtual reality platforms, including <a href="/facts/Arizona_Sunshine/4bDKSaKD">Arizona Sunshine</a> and After the Fall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a>
In November 2020, Koch Media acquired <a href="/facts/Flying_Wild_Hog/8b6FrG7p">Flying Wild Hog</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a>
In March 2021, Koch Media signed a €50 million co-publishing deal with <a href="/facts/Starbreeze_Studios/kcWYAHbA">Starbreeze Studios</a> to finance the production, release, and post-launch support of <a href="/facts/Payday_3/PplLvGXp">Payday 3</a>, with Starbreeze Studios retaining ownership of the IP.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a>
Koch Media opened a new publishing division, Prime Matter, in June 2021, operating from its <a href="/facts/Munich/Pr6zw2ev">Munich</a> headquarters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a>

<h3>Rebranding as Plaion</h3>
On 4 August 2022, Koch Media rebranded themselves as Plaion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> In October 2022, Plaion Pictures acquired British anime distribution company <a href="/facts/Anime_Limited/sSwn58hK">Anime Limited</a> for an undisclosed sum.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a> In May 2023, <a href="/facts/GamesIndustry.biz/SW2goULD">Gamesindustry.biz</a> learned of plans to dissolve Deep Silver, Ravenscourt and Prime Matter, and consolidate the publishing business under the "Plaion" label.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a>
In January 2025, Kundratitz announced he was stepping down as CEO, and would be transferring leadership to Pihl Rogers in April.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a>

<h2 id="offices">Offices</h2>
As of February 2018, Plaion is headquartered in <a href="/facts/H%C3%B6fen,_Tyrol/QqGeCfFy">Höfen</a>, a municipality with a population of roughly 1,200 people that is located in Austria's <a href="/facts/Tyrol/qeGduUeK">Tyrol</a> region and close to <a href="/facts/Bavaria/CLbr6NIG">Bavaria</a>, Germany.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> In Höfen, Plaion occupies an office complex in which the company employs 150 people in various departments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> The property, as well as an adjacent 7,000 square metres (75,000 sq ft) plot, is owned by Embracer Group.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> In <a href="/facts/Planegg/2kAAI9a7">Planegg</a>, a municipality in Bavaria that is located close to <a href="/facts/Munich/Pr6zw2ev">Munich</a>, Plaion operates a subsidiary branch also called Plaion GmbH.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a>

<h2 id="subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h2>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Division</th><th>Subsidiary</th><th>Location</th><th>Founded/Acquired</th><th>Ref.</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Deep_Silver/tVYC0TFM">Deep Silver</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Dambuster_Studios/lWgJ9wpH">Dambuster Studios</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nottingham/7NmKsSUg">Nottingham</a></td><td>July 2014</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Fishlabs/SWhdSaFI">Fishlabs</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Hamburg/kmAAsYtT">Hamburg</a></td><td>December 2013</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Plaion Pictures</td><td><a href="/facts/Anime_Limited/sSwn58hK">Anime Limited</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Glasgow/hHUX44Ra">Glasgow</a> / <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a> / <a href="/facts/San_Francisco/cb9l7hbC">San Francisco</a></td><td>October 2022</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a></td></tr><tr><td>Sola Media</td><td><a href="/facts/Stuttgart/H4DCyM2U">Stuttgart</a></td><td>August 2020</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></td></tr><tr><td>Spotfilm Networx</td><td><a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a></td><td>December 2021</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Vertigo Games</td><td>Vertigo Arcade</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Rotterdam/p8LbhGmE">Rotterdam</a> / <a href="/facts/Los_Angeles/pyXpYEX9">Los Angeles</a> / <a href="/facts/Amsterdam/Xdd393bz">Amsterdam</a></td><td rowspan="3">September 2020</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></td></tr><tr><td>Vertigo Publishing</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></td></tr><tr><td>Vertigo Studios</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">DPI Merchandising</td><td><a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a></td><td>March 2022</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/DigixArt/kgBcbcC5">DigixArt</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Montpellier/jz011snV">Montpellier</a></td><td>August 2021</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Flying_Wild_Hog/8b6FrG7p">Flying Wild Hog</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Warsaw/0cRqN3pw">Warsaw</a></td><td>November 2020</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Milestone_(Italian_company)/eAv0n1QK">Milestone</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Milan/0xrtbPdt">Milan</a></td><td>August 2019</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Prime Matter</td><td><a href="/facts/Munich/Pr6zw2ev">Munich</a></td><td>June 2021</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Ravenscourt</td><td><a href="/facts/Munich/Pr6zw2ev">Munich</a></td><td>2014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Splatter Connect</td><td><a href="/facts/Manchester/2Do01QHs">Manchester</a></td><td>October 2021</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Voxler</td><td><a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a> / <a href="/facts/Marseille/kj7te1HG">Marseille</a></td><td>February 2020</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Warhorse_Studios/RkupVvDw">Warhorse Studios</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Prague/txpRNTUE">Prague</a></td><td>February 2019</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>Divested subsidiaries</h3>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Division</th><th>Subsidiary</th><th>Location</th><th>Founded/Acquired</th><th>Divested</th><th>Ref.</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Deep_Silver/tVYC0TFM">Deep Silver</a></td><td>Deep Silver Vienna</td><td><a href="/facts/Vienna/NSpIURsA">Vienna</a></td><td>August 2007</td><td>February 2010</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Volition_(company)/PDGxJbam">Volition</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Champaign,_Illinois/WSYI1SH3">Champaign</a></td><td>January 2013</td><td>November 2022</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Free_Radical_Design/VgmRD5HJ">Free Radical Design</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nottingham/7NmKsSUg">Nottingham</a></td><td>May 2021</td><td>December 2023</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a></td></tr><tr><td>Plaion Pictures</td><td>KSM</td><td><a href="/facts/Planegg/2kAAI9a7">Planegg</a></td><td>August 2019</td><td>December 2019</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Deep_Silver_games/PR4HpEw5">List of Deep Silver games</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_Prime_Matter_games/Mgw57Vla">List of Prime Matter games</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_Ravenscourt_games/B5W89Jtk">List of Ravenscourt games</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://plaion.com/">Official website</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Hall, Charlie (8 August 2014). "Meet the strategic mind behind publisher Deep Silver, Homefront's new owner". Polygon. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019. <a href="https://www.polygon.com/2014/8/8/5984229/meet-the-strategic-mind-behind-publisher-deep-silver-homefronts-new" target="_blank">https://www.polygon.com/2014/8/8/5984229/meet-the-strategic-mind-behind-publisher-deep-silver-homefronts-new</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Sarkar, Samit (7 July 2014). "Deep Silver parent company Koch Media: 'We are not for sale'". Polygon. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019. <a href="https://www.polygon.com/2014/7/7/5877043/deep-silver-koch-media-not-for-sale" target="_blank">https://www.polygon.com/2014/7/7/5877043/deep-silver-koch-media-not-for-sale</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Koch Media | Unternehmen" (in German). Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917111124/https://www.kochmedia.com/de/company/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160917111124/https://www.kochmedia.com/de/company/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"History – Company". Koch Media. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"History – Company". Koch Media. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"History – Company". Koch Media. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"History – Company". Koch Media. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"History – Company". Koch Media. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161414/http://www.kochmedia.com/company/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Steininger, Stefan (12 November 2002). "Koch Media etabliert neues Label für Games". beta.gamesmarkt.de (in German). Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019. <a href="http://beta.gamesmarkt.de/details/124095" target="_blank">http://beta.gamesmarkt.de/details/124095</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">McNicol, Craig (5 August 2014). "Twenty years of Koch Media". MCV. ISSN 1469-4832. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022. <a href="https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/twenty-years-of-koch-media/" target="_blank">https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/twenty-years-of-koch-media/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

Plaion open-in-new

Plaion