Omne datum optimum

<h2 id="background">Background</h2>
By the end of the 1130s, the Templars had prospered as a complete military order with a stratified structure, due to the efforts of Grand Master <a href="/facts/Robert_de_Craon/cRz8SSac">Robert de Craon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> Already facing ecclesiastical criticism for receiving tithes and alms, Robert de Craon reasoned that the Order could only flourish with papal support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> It was during one of Robert's visits to France and Italy that Innocent II issued the bull Omne datum optimum on 29 March 1139.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>

<h2 id="contents">Contents</h2>
The contents of Omne datum optimum:

<ul><li>promised all spoils from <a href="/facts/Muslim/W2ukq4pg">Muslim</a> conquest to the Order<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a></li>
<li>allowed the Order to build churches, cemeteries, and houses<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li>
<li>permitted a chaplain in every house<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></li>
<li>leaders of the Order could expel unworthy members<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a></li>
<li>allowed chapels for members and burials<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a></li>
<li>forbid the election of an outsider as Master of the Order<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li>
<li>no homage or tithes were to be extracted from the Order<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a></li></ul>
Included in the contents of the bull was the creation of a group of chaplain brothers for the Order.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> They were capable of hearing confessions and giving absolution, to all members of the Orders.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> The Omne datum optimum gave the Order the papal sanction it needed to operate independently of ecclesiastical and secular authorities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>

<h2 id="aftermath">Aftermath</h2>
Omne datum optimum was followed by <a href="/facts/Pope_Celestine_II/RrySHgRJ">Pope Celestine II</a>'s <a href="/facts/Milites_Templi/bx2Ea1Qt">Milites Templi</a> in 1144 and <a href="/facts/Pope_Eugene_III/UP3amgpj">Pope Eugene III</a>'s <a href="/facts/Militia_Dei/cnkbBgQb">Militia Dei</a> in 1145, which together gave the Templars an extraordinary range of rights and privileges.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> 

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Pie_postulatio_voluntatis/TM0ICrlE">Pie postulatio voluntatis</a>, a similar bull that gave papal protection to the <a href="/facts/Knights_Hospitaller/Xjkj29TT">Knights Hospitaller</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h2 id="sources">Sources</h2>
<ul><li>Barber, Malcolm (1978). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press.</li>
<li>Barber, Malcolm (1994). The New Knighthood. Cambridge University Press.</li>
<li>Barber, Malcolm; Bate, A. K. (2002). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rhTT3M9uWe4C&pg=PA59">The Templars: selected sources</a>. Manchester University Press. pp. 59–. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-7190-5110-4. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</li>
<li>Jones, Dan (2017). The Templars: The Rise and Spectacular Fall of God's Holy Warriors. Penguin Books.</li>
<li>Nicholson, Helen J.; Burgtorf, Jochen, eds. (2020). The Templars, the Hospitallers and the Crusades: Essays in Homage to Alan J Forey. Routledge.</li>
<li>Rayborn, Tim (2013). The Violent Pilgrimage: Christians, Muslims and Holy Conflicts, 850-1150. McFarland, Inc.</li>
<li>Selwood, Dominic (2001). Knights of the Cloister: Templars and Hospitallers in Central-southern Occitania, C.1100-c.1300. The Boydell Press.</li>
<li>Upton-Ward, Judith Mary, ed. (1997). "Introduction". The Rule of the Templars: The French Text of the Rule of the Order of the Knights Templar. The Boydell Press.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Barber 1978, p. 8. - Barber, Malcolm (1978). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Barber & Bate 2002, p. 59. - Barber, Malcolm; Bate, A. K. (2002). The Templars: selected sources. Manchester University Press. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-0-7190-5110-4. Retrieved 5 May 2011. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rhTT3M9uWe4C&pg=PA59" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=rhTT3M9uWe4C&pg=PA59</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Upton-Ward 1997, p. 5. - Upton-Ward, Judith Mary, ed. (1997). "Introduction". The Rule of the Templars: The French Text of the Rule of the Order of the Knights Templar. The Boydell Press. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Upton-Ward 1997, p. 5. - Upton-Ward, Judith Mary, ed. (1997). "Introduction". The Rule of the Templars: The French Text of the Rule of the Order of the Knights Templar. The Boydell Press. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Jones 2017, p. 56. - Jones, Dan (2017). The Templars: The Rise and Spectacular Fall of God's Holy Warriors. Penguin Books. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Barber 1994, p. 56-57. - Barber, Malcolm (1994). The New Knighthood. Cambridge University Press. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Selwood states that clergy, parishes, and monastic houses prevented the Order from building cemeteries, which caused them financial loss.[6] <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Selwood 2001, p. 90. - Selwood, Dominic (2001). Knights of the Cloister: Templars and Hospitallers in Central-southern Occitania, C.1100-c.1300. The Boydell Press. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Templar church and houses were served by the Order's own priests.[8] <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Barber 1978, p. 8. - Barber, Malcolm (1978). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Barber 1978, p. 8. - Barber, Malcolm (1978). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Barber 1978, p. 8. - Barber, Malcolm (1978). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Barber 1978, p. 8. - Barber, Malcolm (1978). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Barber 1978, p. 8. - Barber, Malcolm (1978). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Upton-Ward 1997, p. 5. - Upton-Ward, Judith Mary, ed. (1997). "Introduction". The Rule of the Templars: The French Text of the Rule of the Order of the Knights Templar. The Boydell Press. <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Upton-Ward 1997, p. 5. - Upton-Ward, Judith Mary, ed. (1997). "Introduction". The Rule of the Templars: The French Text of the Rule of the Order of the Knights Templar. The Boydell Press. <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Upton-Ward 1997, p. 5. - Upton-Ward, Judith Mary, ed. (1997). "Introduction". The Rule of the Templars: The French Text of the Rule of the Order of the Knights Templar. The Boydell Press. <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Rayborn 2013, p. 43. - Rayborn, Tim (2013). The Violent Pilgrimage: Christians, Muslims and Holy Conflicts, 850-1150. McFarland, Inc. <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Barber & Bate 2002, p. 8. - Barber, Malcolm; Bate, A. K. (2002). The Templars: selected sources. Manchester University Press. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-0-7190-5110-4. Retrieved 5 May 2011. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rhTT3M9uWe4C&pg=PA59" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=rhTT3M9uWe4C&pg=PA59</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Omne datum optimum open-in-new

Omne datum optimum