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Quercus palmeri
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<h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p><i>Quercus palmeri</i> is a <a href="/facts/Shrub/X1gKVxL5">shrub</a> or small tree growing 2–6 m (6 ft 7 in – 19 ft 8 in) in height. It branches into angular twigs and is reddish brown. The <a href="/facts/Leaves/1m6wCNTg">leaves</a> are 1 to 3 centimetres (3⁄8 to 1+1⁄8 inches) in length. They are stiff, leathery, and brittle, their edges wavy with sharp spine-teeth. The upper surface is shiny, waxy, and olive green in color, the lower gray-green and coated with glandular hairs. The fruit is an <a href="/facts/Acorn/zvf2emQr">acorn</a> with a hairy cap up to 2.5 cm (1 in) wide and a blunt-ended nut 2 to 3 cm (3⁄4 to 1+1⁄4 in) long.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <p><i>Quercus palmeri</i> usually grows in small populations, some of which are actually all clones of a single plant.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> One such clone in the <a href="/facts/Jurupa_Mountains/vkUnAnpH">Jurupa Mountains</a> in <a href="/facts/Riverside_County%2c_California/Jegs2NMl">Riverside County, California</a>, named the <a href="/facts/Jurupa_Oak/r1Db636w">Jurupa Oak</a>, was determined to be over 13,000 years old, a single individual living as a <a href="/facts/Relict_(biology)/eH1gkAg3">relict</a> from the <a href="/facts/Pleistocene/0ya9eUp5">Pleistocene</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> It is therefore one of the <a href="/facts/List_of_oldest_trees/KEBc52vm">oldest living plants in the world</a>. </p> <h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p><i>Quercus palmeri</i> is placed in <a href="/facts/Quercus_sect._Protobalanus/or49dFSM"><i>Quercus</i> section <i>Protobalanus</i></a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p><i>Quercus dunnii</i> Kellogg, common name Dunn oak, is synonymous with Palmer oak. Palmer oak does not occur in New Mexico; the specimens were misidentified and later corrected to <i>Quercus grisea,</i> per SEINet. Per FNA, the population of golden oaks in eastern Arizona appear to be introgressed <i>Quercus chrysolepis</i> and <i>Q. palmeri,</i> best called <i>Q. chrysolepis</i> aff. <i>Q. palmeri</i>. These populations of <i>Q. chrysolepis</i> demonstrate historical hybridization between <i>Q. chrysolepis</i> and <i>Q. palmeri</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <i>Quercus palmeri</i> was recently discovered in southern Nevada in Christmas Tree Pass that was previously only known from fossils.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7002">Calflora</a></li> <li><a href="http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=40584">Jepson eFlora</a>, <a href="/facts/University_and_Jepson_Herbaria/Ezlv77Aq">The Jepson Herbarium</a>, <a href="/facts/University_of_California%2c_Berkeley/MXVEjklr">University of California, Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?where-taxon=Quercus+palmeri"><i>Quercus palmeri</i></a> in the <a href="/facts/CalPhotos/eCY49YYF">CalPhotos</a> photo database, <a href="/facts/University_of_California%2c_Berkeley/MXVEjklr">University of California, Berkeley</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Quercus palmeri". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. <a href="http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Quercus%20palmeri.png" target="_blank">http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Quercus%20palmeri.png</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus palmeri". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter <a href="http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=3591&taxauthid=1" target="_blank">http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=3591&taxauthid=1</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus palmeri". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus palmeri". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>May, M. R., et al. (2009). Pleistocene clone of Quercus palmeri Engelm. PLoS ONE <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008346" target="_blank">http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008346</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-18. <a href="https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1" target="_blank">https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Quercus palmeri in Flora of North America @". Efloras.org. Retrieved 2022-05-01. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501072</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"SEINet Portal NetworkDetailed Collection Record Information". <a href="https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/individual/index.php?occid=27105453&clid=0" target="_blank">https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/individual/index.php?occid=27105453&clid=0</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>