Israel–Japan relations

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
Further information: <a href="/facts/Valley_of_Peace_initiative/pQxdn8gg">Valley of Peace initiative</a>

In 1993 both nations signed the "Convention between Japan and the State of Israel for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> In 2000, the two nations signed the "Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the State of Israel for Air Services."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> There were 708 Japanese nationals in Israel as of October 1999 and 604 Israeli nationals in Japan as of December 1998.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
The Japanese government appointed Yoshinori Katori, press secretary at the Foreign Ministry, as ambassador to Israel on August 1, 2006. Katori previously served as minister to <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a> and director-general of the Consular Affairs Bureau before assuming the current post in August 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> In September 2008, Katori ended his post to Israel and was replaced by ambassador Haruhisa Takeuchi, who presented his credentials on December 1, 2008.
In July 2006, Japan announced a plan for peace called "Corridor for Peace and Prosperity", which would be based on common economic development and effort by Israelis and Palestinians, rather than on continuous contention over land.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> Shimon Peres gave this idea much attention during his participation in an international conference in New York in September 2006 which was organized by former U.S. President <a href="/facts/Bill_Clinton/x5mwYkVh">Bill Clinton</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>
In July 2008, the Japanese government reiterated its support for the plan in meetings with Israelis and Palestinians, and urged the sides to continue working towards completion. Japan also indicated specific support for an agro-industrial park to be built near <a href="/facts/Jericho/934P9FMl">Jericho</a>, and said it hopes to begin construction by 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>
It was not until approximately 2014, when the governments of both respective countries pledged to each other to significantly upgrade the bilateral diplomatic and business ties between them. This rapid warming of relations is evidenced by the two countries entering into a number of important political and economic agreements – from a series of high-level dialogues on national security and cybersecurity to their first bilateral investment agreement – transforming their once limited bilateral relationship into one more characteristic of allied partners, a process that has been described as "rising sun relations" in <a href="/facts/Foreign_Affairs/sXwA3pIh">Foreign Affairs</a> magazine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>
Since the mid-2010s, bilateral ties between Israel and Japan have strengthened significantly, creating enumerable mutual investments between the two nations. Japanese prime minister <a href="/facts/Shinzo_Abe/n6aG71Km">Shinzo Abe</a> visited Israel twice – once in 2015<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> and a second time in 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> In May 2014, Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Benjamin_Netanyahu/581DW7MB">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> visited Japan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
In 2021, there were 1,156 Japanese citizens living in Israel and 589 Israelis living in Japan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>
In 2024, Israel were not invited to Nagasaki's annual peace ceremony by the city's mayor <a href="/facts/Shiro_Suzuki_(politician)/YbGnx7JT">Shiro Suzuki</a> over "security risks and potential disruption".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>
In June 2025, Japan condemned <a href="/facts/Iran%25E2%2580%2593Israel_war/cqFcawYL">Israeli strikes against Iran</a>, calling them "completely unacceptable and deeply regrettable".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>

<h2 id="economy">Economy</h2>
See also: <a href="/facts/Free_trade_agreements_of_Israel/V2qCDFfI">Free trade agreements of Israel</a>
Up until the 1990s, Japan was the sole industrialized East Asian nation that acquiesced most strongly to the <a href="/facts/Arab_League_boycott_of_Israel/W5V3wwf2">Arab demands to boycott Israel</a>. As a result, economic relations between Japan and the Jewish state have been limited for much of the State of Israel's history.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>
Israeli exports to Japan, consisting primarily of polished diamonds, chemical products, machinery, electrical equipment, and citrus fruit are worth $810 million. Japanese exports to Israel, consisting primarily of motor vehicles, machinery, electrical equipment, and chemical products are collectively worth $1.3 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>
Since the 2010s, trade between Israel and Japan have expanded considerably with economic relations between the two countries having increased significantly, particularly in the realm of high-technology, as well as the forging of partnerships between start-up companies and venture capitalists among the two nations. According to the <a href="/facts/Japan_External_Trade_Organization/nL4UkbPN">Japan External Trade Organization</a> (JETRO), 35 Japanese companies had subsidiaries in Israel by 2015 with as many as 50 by November 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>
In 2021, data compiled by consulting firm Harel-Hertz shows a surge of $1.1 billion of Japanese investment in the Israeli high-technology industry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> Total Japanese investment in Israel's high technology industry was $2.9 billion in 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> Japanese investors accounted for 15.8% of all foreign investment in the Israeli economy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> Total volume of trade is $3.574 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>
As of 2022, Israel and Japan are negotiating a <a href="/facts/Free_trade_deal/drQ3kco6">free trade deal</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> The move according to <a href="/facts/Times_of_Israel/VPVdqXEm">Times of Israel</a> will help boost Japanese exports and make Japanese exports cheaper for Israeli consumers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> About 90 Japanese companies worked in 2023 in Israel, triple the number in 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>
In 2023, Israel and Japan signed a "Work-Holiday" agreement which allows citizens of either country to work for up to a year in the other country. This agreement came in part due to Japanese interest in Israel's high technology sector and in Israel's human talent.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> The agreement is aimed at citizens between the ages of 18 and 30.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> Direct flights between Tokyo and Tel Aviv commenced in 2023, operated by Israeli airline, <a href="/facts/El_Al/N0hrkGYH">El Al</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> Ambassador <a href="/facts/Gilad_Cohen/wKaYzbUm">Gilad Cohen</a> remarked following the signage of the agreement: "Israelis and Japanese [people] have never been closer. I am sure that our relations will continue to deepen and we will continue to collaborate for the benefit of the citizens of Israel and Japan."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a>

<h2 id="defense">Defense</h2>
Israel and Japan signed in 2022 a defense cooperation deal, focused on equipment, defense technology and more.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> Japanese Defense Minister Yasukazu Hamada said the deal will help Japan advance a “free and open Indo-Pacific,”.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a>
Following the <a href="/facts/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip/BRh59Vmb">Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a> and <a href="/facts/Gaza_war/dmUoIpBw">Gaza war</a>, Japanese company Itochu Corporation announced in February 2024 that it will end its partnership with Israeli weapons manufacturer Elbit Systems by the end of February.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>

<h2 id="academic-relations">Academic relations</h2>
Universities in both countries are making special efforts to conduct lively exchange of studies. In May 2012, a <a href="http://eastasia.huji.ac.il/japan-israel-2012/index.html">symposium</a> to commemorate the sixtieth anniversary of the diplomatic relations was held at the <a href="/facts/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem/aEpNukpQ">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>, to discuss issues of regional, bilateral, and cultural exchanges. The <a href="http://www.japan-studies.org/">Israeli Association of Japanese studies</a> was also launched on that occasion.

<h2 id="public-opinion">Public opinion</h2>
According to a 2025 <a href="/facts/Pew_Research_Center/082PuVBq">Pew</a> <a href="/facts/Pew_Research_Center/082PuVBq">Reserach Center</a> survey, 13% of people in Japan had a favorable view of Israel, while 79% had an unfavorable view; 10% had confidence in Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Benjamin_Netanyahu/581DW7MB">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, while 78% did not.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a>

<h2 id="friendship-leagues">Friendship leagues</h2>
<ul><li>1965 Japan-Israel Friendship Association<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a></li>
<li>1984 Japan-Israel Parliamentary Friendship League<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a></li>
<li>1996 Japan-Israel Chamber of Commerce<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="bilateral-treaties-and-agreements">Bilateral Treaties and Agreements</h2>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Year</th><th>Agreement</th></tr><tr><td>1971</td><td>Visa Exemption Arrangements<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></td></tr><tr><td>1993</td><td>Convention between Israel and Japan on "Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></td></tr><tr><td>1994</td><td>Education and Culture Arrangements<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></td></tr><tr><td>1995</td><td>Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the State of Israel on "Cooperation in Science and Technology"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a></td></tr><tr><td>2000</td><td>Agreement between the Israel and Japan regarding Air Services<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a></td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td>Agreement between Israel and Japan for Promotion, Protection and Liberalization of Investment<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="visits">Visits</h2>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Year</th><th>To Israel</th><th>To Japan</th></tr><tr><td>1985</td><td></td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Yitzhak_Shamir/nV9RX1Ho">Yitzhak Shamir</a></td></tr><tr><td>1988</td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Sousuke_Uno/SXgvMRMj">Sousuke Uno</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1989</td><td></td><td>President <a href="/facts/Chaim_Herzog/W6PLf5mq">Chaim Herzog</a>, Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Moshe_Arens/oI4aPnn1">Moshe Arens</a></td></tr><tr><td>1990</td><td></td><td>President <a href="/facts/Chaim_Herzog/W6PLf5mq">Chaim Herzog</a></td></tr><tr><td>1991</td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Taro_Nakayama/V88Wupbw">Taro Nakayama</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1992</td><td></td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Shimon_Peres/76kA3azd">Shimon Peres</a></td></tr><tr><td>1994</td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Koji_Kakizawa/CCSsRYhr">Koji Kakizawa</a>, Special Envoy <a href="/facts/Kabun_Muto/oz5L6jaH">Kabun Muto</a></td><td>Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Yitzhak_Rabin/Wvd6myha">Yitzhak Rabin</a></td></tr><tr><td>1995</td><td>Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Tomiichi_Murayama/YyI454A8">Tomiichi Murayama</a>, Foreign Minister and Special Envoy <a href="/facts/Yohei_Kono/mF7g9vtH">Yohei Kono</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1996</td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Yukihiko_Ikeda/RFdrw5mW">Yukihiko Ikeda</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1997</td><td></td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)/RT338HUC">David Levy</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Benjamin_Netanyahu/581DW7MB">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></td></tr><tr><td>1999</td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Masahiko_Koumura/W6PpE44R">Masahiko Koumura</a>, State Secretary for Foreign Affairs <a href="/facts/Nobutaka_Machimura/t47vMnXF">Nobutaka Machimura</a>, Senior State Secretary for Foreign Affairs Shozo Azuma</td><td>Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/facts/Nawaf_Massalha/6KnMbalM">Nawaf Massalha</a></td></tr><tr><td>2002</td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Yoriko_Kawaguchi/o37K2xzN">Yoriko Kawaguchi</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2003</td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Yoriko_Kawaguchi/o37K2xzN">Yoriko Kawaguchi</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2005</td><td>Foreign Minister <a href="/facts/Nobutaka_Machimura/t47vMnXF">Nobutaka Machimura</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2006</td><td>Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Junichiro_Koizumi/qNyPbjVE">Junichiro Koizumi</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2008</td><td></td><td>Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Ehud_Olmert/skIkQc7h">Ehud Olmert</a></td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td></td><td>Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Benjamin_Netanyahu/581DW7MB">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Shinzo_Abe/n6aG71Km">Shinzo Abe</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td>Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Shinzo_Abe/n6aG71Km">Shinzo Abe</a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Israel portal</li><li>Japan portal</li></ul> 
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Foreign_relations_of_Israel/3RaHkp5m">Foreign relations of Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Foreign_relations_of_Japan/MH15Dwx1">Foreign relations of Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Antisemitism_in_Japan/5Jo2hYVI">Antisemitism in Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan/roRjkNsC">History of the Jews in Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/International_recognition_of_Israel/6V9uClU9">International recognition of Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Japanese-Jewish_common_ancestry_theory/MoAe8lac">Japanese-Jewish common ancestry theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lod_Airport_massacre/lahRXlfl">Lod Airport massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Makuya/VuvYpjdw">Makuya</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Joseph_Ivor_Linton/mrSWXXLL">Joseph Ivor Linton</a> (first Israeli Minister in Japan)</li></ul>

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a>. <a href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/country-studies/about-this-collection/">Country Studies</a>. <a href="/facts/Federal_Research_Division/h1ch7cSG">Federal Research Division</a>.

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Rabbi Marvin Tokayer, The Fugu Plan. New York: Weatherhill, Inc. (1979)</li>
<li>John Katz, Israeli–Japanese Relations, 1948–1963 Tel Aviv: Saar (2007)</li>
<li>Matthew Brummer and Eitan Oren, <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/japan/2017-07-28/israel-and-japans-rising-sun-relations">Israel and Japan's Rising Sun Relations'</a>'. Foreign Affairs (2017)</li>
<li>Nakamura, Satoru, and Wright, Steven, eds. Japan and the Middle East (Springer Nature Singapore, 2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3459-9">online</a>.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html">Japan-Israel Relations</a> at the <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Japan/dfVxKw7K">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan</a> website</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Japan-Israel Relations Archived 2017-07-22 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Business and pleasure: Israel and Japan sign a new visa agreement". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2023-04-28. Retrieved 2024-07-23. <a href="https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/all-news/article-741541" target="_blank">https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/all-news/article-741541</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Relations with Asian States Archived 2018-04-30 at the Wayback Machine Library of Congress Country Studies <a href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+il0140)" target="_blank">http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+il0140)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Lipshiz, Cnaan (6 January 2015). "After decades of distance, Japan seeks closer ties with Israel". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2015. <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-decades-of-distance-japan-seeks-closer-ties-with-israel/" target="_blank">https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-decades-of-distance-japan-seeks-closer-ties-with-israel/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"PM Netanyahu meets with Japanese PM Shinzō Abe". mfa.gov.il. 18 January 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021. <a href="http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2015/Pages/PM-Netanyahu-meets-with-Japanese-PM-Abe-18-Jan-2015.aspx" target="_blank">http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2015/Pages/PM-Netanyahu-meets-with-Japanese-PM-Abe-18-Jan-2015.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Landau, Noa (2 May 2018). "Japan's Abe Tells Netanyahu: Israel Must Curb Settlements, Won't Move Embassy to Jerusalem". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022. <a href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2018-05-02/ty-article/japans-abe-voices-continued-support-for-two-state-solution/0000017f-f7ab-d318-afff-f7eb48a60000" target="_blank">https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2018-05-02/ty-article/japans-abe-voices-continued-support-for-two-state-solution/0000017f-f7ab-d318-afff-f7eb48a60000</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Israel and Japan advance toward free trade agreement". The Times of Israel. 22 November 2022. <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-japan-advance-toward-free-trade-agreement/" target="_blank">https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-japan-advance-toward-free-trade-agreement/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Business and pleasure: Israel and Japan sign a new visa agreement". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2023-04-28. Retrieved 2024-07-23. <a href="https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/all-news/article-741541" target="_blank">https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/all-news/article-741541</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Japan-Israel Relations Archived 2017-07-22 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Japan-Israel Relations Archived 2017-07-22 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Japan-Israel Relations Archived 2017-07-22 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Katori named Japan ambassador to Israel Archived 2011-05-16 at the Wayback Machine KERALANEXT.com <a href="http://www.keralanext.com/news/?id=798737" target="_blank">http://www.keralanext.com/news/?id=798737</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Japan's Concept for Creating the Corridor for Peace and Prosperity (Background Paper) Archived 2022-11-03 at the Wayback Machine July, 2006, Government of Japan. <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/palestine/concept0607.html" target="_blank">http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/palestine/concept0607.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Peres to meet Musharraf and kings of Jordan, Morocco Archived 2022-11-03 at the Wayback Machine, Israel Today, 9/18/06. <a href="http://www.israeltoday.co.il/default.aspx?tabid=178&nid=9528" target="_blank">http://www.israeltoday.co.il/default.aspx?tabid=178&nid=9528</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Japanese still solid on PA industry project[permanent dead link] ASSOCIATED PRESS, Jul 3, 2008, at jpost.com. <a href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1214726195993&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull" target="_blank">http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1214726195993&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Press statement: The Third Ministerial-Level Meeting of the Four-Party Consultative Unit for the "Corridor for Peace and Prosperity" Archived 2022-11-03 at the Wayback Machine Japan Min of Foreign Affairs, 2 July 2008, Tokyo. In 2011 Japanese Earthquake, Israel was among first to respond with humanitarian aid. <a href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/peaceprocess/corridor/meet0807.html" target="_blank">http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/peaceprocess/corridor/meet0807.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Brummer, Matthew; Orem, Eitan (28 July 2017). "Israel and Japan's Rising Sun Relations: Why Tokyo and Tel Aviv Are Finally Cozying Up". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 24 September 2021. <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/japan/2017-07-28/israel-and-japans-rising-sun-relations" target="_blank">https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/japan/2017-07-28/israel-and-japans-rising-sun-relations</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Ronel, Asaf (23 January 2015). "For Shinzo Abe in Israel, it's strictly business". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2021. <a href="https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-strictly-business-for-shinzo-abe-in-israel-1.5364057" target="_blank">https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-strictly-business-for-shinzo-abe-in-israel-1.5364057</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:33">"Israel and Japan advance toward free trade agreement". The Times of Israel. 22 November 2022. <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-japan-advance-toward-free-trade-agreement/" target="_blank">https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-japan-advance-toward-free-trade-agreement/</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:44">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan <a href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html" target="_blank">https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/israel/data.html</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Israel–Japan relations open-in-new

Israel–Japan relations