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Perry Robinson
open-in-new
<h2 id="early-life-and-education">Early life and education</h2> <p>Robinson was born and grew up in New York City.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> He attended the <a href="/facts/Lenox_School_of_Jazz/1Br1BdgJ">Lenox School of Jazz</a> in Massachusetts in mid-1959.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="career">Career</h2> <p>Robinson served in a U.S. military band in the early-1960s. His first record, <i>Funk Dumpling</i> (with <a href="/facts/Kenny_Barron/fFDyQARH">Kenny Barron</a>, <a href="/facts/Henry_Grimes/VvEBdtSn">Henry Grimes</a>, and <a href="/facts/Paul_Motian/QKk4TJIl">Paul Motian</a>) was recorded by <a href="/facts/Savoy_Records/WyhtkrYw">Savoy</a> in 1962.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> He also appeared with Grimes on <i>The Call</i> in 1965, on the <a href="/facts/ESP-Disk/q6vfI4lp">ESP-Disk</a> label (ESP 1026). Although the album is credited to "Henry Grimes Trio" the album liner notes, written by ESP-Disk label head <a href="/facts/Bernard_Stollman/WnU8sRaV">Bernard Stollman</a>, stated: "[Grimes] chose Perry Robinson, a virtuoso who merits far wider recognition, to pair with, and this recording reflects both of their contributions, in equal measure. A more accurate title for the album would be Henry Grimes/Perry Robinson." Two of the album's six songs are credited to Robinson, including the title track. </p><p>From 1973, Robinson worked with <a href="/facts/Jeanne_Lee/h73H1cA3">Jeanne Lee</a> and <a href="/facts/Gunter_Hampel/j0PDHl5K">Gunter Hampel</a>'s Galaxie Dream Band.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> He contributed to <a href="/facts/Dave_Brubeck/434rJDwL">Dave Brubeck</a>' s <i><a href="/facts/Two_Generations_of_Brubeck/WHUusAt9">Two Generations of Brubeck</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> and played with <a href="/facts/Burton_Greene/c66lEmtY">Burton Greene</a>' s Dutch <a href="/facts/Klezmer/G5JhxYtg">klezmer</a> band, Klezmokum. He was the featured clarinetist on Archie Shepp's LP <i><a href="/facts/Mama_Too_Tight/7gYtQxXU">Mama Too Tight</a></i> on the <a href="/facts/Impulse!_Records/xtE4CkVr">Impulse!</a> label.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> He led his own groups in performances and on record, with albums on the Chiaroscuro, WestWind, and Timescraper labels. More recently, he worked with <a href="/facts/William_Parker_(musician)/0boXTYr9">William Parker</a> and <a href="/facts/Walter_Perkins_(musician)/3XQI9MDt">Walter Perkins</a> on <i>Bob's Pink Cadillac</i> and several discs on the <a href="/facts/CIMP/Mr65hotF">CIMP</a> label. </p><p>From 1975 until 1977, Robinson was a member of the <a href="/facts/Clarinet_Contrast/sH8vfgue">Clarinet Contrast</a> group, which featured German clarinet players <a href="/facts/Theo_J%C3%B6rgensmann/2jH2JGQe">Theo Jörgensmann</a> and Bernd Konrad. He recorded with Lou Grassi as a member of his PoBand since the late Nineties, and with Lou Grassi, Wayne Lopes and <a href="/facts/Luke_Faust/5oKVfevn">Luke Faust</a> in The Jug Jam, an improvisational jug band. He plays in a free jazz and world music trio along with tabla player <a href="/facts/Badal_Roy/vwpGaaAe">Badal Roy</a> and bassist <a href="/facts/Ed_Schuller/TJzmGqLd">Ed Schuller</a>, with whom he recorded the CD <i>Raga Roni</i>. He played with <a href="/facts/Darius_Brubeck/4aDoE9hI">Darius Brubeck</a> and <a href="/facts/Muruga_Booker/oXfTSkp7">Muruga Booker</a> in the MBR jazz trio. Robinson also played an integral part in the formation of Cosmic Legends, an improvisational music/performance group led by composer/pianist Sylvie Degiez which included musicians <a href="/facts/Rashied_Ali/ElNKoVqP">Rashied Ali</a>, Wayne Lopes, <a href="/facts/Hayes_Greenfield/3mhIFgn7">Hayes Greenfield</a>, and <a href="/facts/Michael_Hashim/PEr3WHGz">Michael Hashim</a>. In 2005 he was featured on his cousin <a href="/facts/Jeffrey_Lewis/mqVgpafs">Jeffrey Lewis</a>' album <i>City and Eastern Songs</i> on <a href="/facts/Rough_Trade_Records/Cw3FgAjw">Rough Trade Records</a>, produced by <a href="/facts/Kramer_(musician)/cHCJfmUo">Kramer</a>. A later release was <i>OrthoFunkOlogy</i> in 2008 with the band Free Funk, also featuring <a href="/facts/Muruga_Booker/oXfTSkp7">Muruga Booker</a>, <a href="/facts/Badal_Roy/vwpGaaAe">Badal Roy</a>, Richie Shakin' Nagan and Shakti Ma Booker. </p><p>His autobiography, <i>Perry Robinson: The Traveler</i> (co-authored by Florence F. Wetzel), was published in 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="personal-life">Personal life</h2> <p>Robinson died in <a href="/facts/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey/AvSVfx19">Jersey City, New Jersey</a>, in December 2018, at the age of 80.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="discography">Discography</h2> <h3>As leader or co-leader</h3> <ul><li>1962: <i>Funk Dumpling</i> (<a href="/facts/Savoy_Records/WyhtkrYw">Savoy</a>)</li> <li>1978: <i>Kundalini</i> (<a href="/facts/Improvising_Artists/0aJdcPGG">Improvising Artists</a>)</li> <li>1978: <i>The Traveler</i> (<a href="/facts/Chiaroscuro_Records/p7FTSKml">Chiaroscuro</a>)</li> <li>1989: <i>Nightmare Island: Live at the Leverkusener Jazztage</i> (<a href="/facts/West_Wind_Records/L9nSIlKt">West Wind</a>)</li> <li>1990: <i>Call to the Stars</i> (West Wind)</li> <li>1998: <i>Angelology</i> (Timescraper)</li> <li>2003: <i>Still Traveling</i> (WestWind)</li> <li>2005: <i>Children's Song</i> (Konnex) (Recorded in 1990)</li> <li>2005: <i>The Gone Orchestra Presents: Perry Robinson and the Eternal Flame</i> (Mahaffay Musical Archives)</li> <li>2009: <i>Two Voice in the Desert</i> with Burton Greene (<a href="/facts/Tzadik_Records/NF85sQ3A">Tzadik</a>)</li> <li>2010: <i>Mystic Overflow</i> with Muruga Booker (Sagittarius/Qbico)</li> <li>2021: <i><a href="/facts/Ave_B_Free_Jam/zXVD63bU">Ave B Free Jam</a></i> (Inky Dot Media) recorded in 1967</li> <li>2023: <i><a href="/facts/Stop_Time:_Live_at_Prince_Street,_1978/nUsL1b6E">Stop Time: Live at Prince Street, 1978</a></i> with <a href="/facts/Barry_Altschul/xtPgqBwJ">Barry Altschul</a> and <a href="/facts/David_Izenzon/2vM25VoP">David Izenzon</a> (NoBusiness) recorded in 1978</li></ul> <p>Source:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h3>As sideman</h3> <ul><li><i><a href="/facts/The_Call_(Henry_Grimes_album)/HUWXCX6n">The Call</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Henry_Grimes/VvEBdtSn">Henry Grimes</a> (<a href="/facts/ESP-Disk/q6vfI4lp">ESP-Disk</a>, 1965)</li> <li><i>Mouvement</i> – Patrick Favre and Perry Robinson (Bleu Regard, 1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Mama_Too_Tight/7gYtQxXU">Mama Too Tight</a></i> – Archie Shepp (Impulse!, 1966)</li> <li><i>Bunky & Jake</i> – <a href="/facts/Bunky_and_Jake/7KFTAmIA">Bunky and Jake</a> (<a href="/facts/Mercury_Records/4uPSg8KB">Mercury</a>, 1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/It_Crawled_into_My_Hand,_Honest/sF808E8P">It Crawled into My Hand, Honest</a></i> – The Fugs (Reprise, 1968)</li> <li><i>L.A.M.F.</i> – Bunky and Jake (Kiribati Productions, 1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Liberation_Music_Orchestra_(album)/9QFfmLpx">Liberation Music Orchestra</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Charlie_Haden/XP6sKJu9">Charlie Haden</a> (1969)</li> <li><i>Jake & The Family Jewels</i> – Jake & The Family Jewels (<a href="/facts/Polydor/m9p4KeJQ">Polydor</a>, 1970)</li> <li><i>Jazz Composers Orchestra: <a href="/facts/Escalator_over_the_Hill/j6lWS2VV">Escalator over the Hill</a></i> – (<a href="/facts/Jazz_Composer%27s_Orchestra/DpuaXUq3">JCOA</a>, November 1968 – June 1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/I%27m_the_One_(Annette_Peacock_album)/eHBR9QpK">I'm The One</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Annette_Peacock/med5czrq">Annette Peacock</a> (<a href="/facts/RCA/NWyjNN6R">RCA</a>, 1972)</li> <li><i>Impulsively!</i> – Various Artists (<a href="/facts/Impulse!_Records/xtE4CkVr">Impulse!</a>, 1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Numatik_Swing_Band/881bAhey">Numatik Swing Band</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Roswell_Rudd/yFANokk6">Roswell Rudd</a> & <a href="/facts/Jazz_Composer%27s_Orchestra/DpuaXUq3">Jazz Composer's Orchestra</a> (JCOA, 1973)</li> <li><i>Conspiracy</i> – Jeanne Lee (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Brother,_the_Great_Spirit_Made_Us_All/uEYXRpNk">Brother, the Great Spirit Made Us All</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Dave_Brubeck/434rJDwL">Dave Brubeck</a> (<a href="/facts/Atlantic_Records/mDWQefs5">Atlantic</a>, 1974)</li> <li><i>Poum</i> – Composers Collektive (Perry Robinson, <a href="/facts/John_Fischer_(pianist)/0p1awM6t">John Fischer (pianist)</a>, <a href="/facts/Mark_Whitecage/NupXnfXg">Mark Whitecage</a>, Laurence Cook, <a href="/facts/Mario_Pavone/QBlyjUdt">Mario Pavone</a>) (1974)</li> <li><i>Secret Sauce</i> – Skyking (<a href="/facts/Columbia_Records/yV1YYE69">Columbia</a>, 1975)</li> <li><i>Interface</i> – John Fischer (with Mark Whitecage, Perry Robinson Armen Halburian, Rick Kilburn, <a href="/facts/John_Shea/l1MJqPky">John Shea</a>, <a href="/facts/Jay_Clayton_(musician)/1mldwE6K">Jay Clayton</a> & Laurence Cook) (1975)</li> <li><i>Live at Environ</i> – John Fischer (with Perry Robinson & Rick Kilburn) (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Echoes_of_Prayer/jbWc35cx">Echoes of Prayer</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Grachan_Moncur_III/q85g2YAn">Grachan Moncur III</a> & <a href="/facts/Jazz_Composer%27s_Orchestra/DpuaXUq3">Jazz Composer's Orchestra</a> (JCOA, 1975)</li> <li><i>Environ Days</i> – John Fischer (with <a href="/facts/Lester_Bowie/NdP4I95G">Lester Bowie</a>, Perry Robinson, <a href="/facts/Charles_Tyler_(musician)/Fyd32wGz">Charles Tyler</a>, <a href="/facts/Marion_Brown/vobF32xI">Marion Brown</a>, <a href="/facts/Arthur_Blythe/aTWe0UHU">Arthur Blythe</a> & <a href="/facts/Phillip_Wilson_(drummer)/oGc6kWDF">Phillip Wilson</a>) (recorded 1970s, released 1991)</li> <li><i>I Wanna Play for You</i> – <a href="/facts/Stanley_Clarke/fgYQTEBl">Stanley Clarke</a> (<a href="/facts/Sony_Music/G2expBwI">Sony</a>, 1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/It_Just_So_Happens/RhzD0gVK">It Just So Happens</a></i> – Ray Anderson (<a href="/facts/Enja_Records/FCLBK0Ww">Enja</a>, 1978)</li> <li><i>You Better Fly Away</i> – <a href="/facts/Clarinet_Summit/cEjmJ2FF">Clarinet Summit</a> (with <a href="/facts/John_Carter_(jazz_musician)/t5cQWaXp">John Carter</a>, <a href="/facts/Gianluigi_Trovesi/nCb3fJwB">Gianluigi Trovesi</a>, <a href="/facts/Theo_J%C3%B6rgensmann/2jH2JGQe">Theo Jörgensmann</a>, Bernd Konrad, <a href="/facts/Ernst-Ludwig_Petrowsky/WVR0Qjlm">Ernst-Ludwig Petrowsky</a>, <a href="/facts/Didier_Lockwood/Y5opBM2K">Didier Lockwood</a>, <a href="/facts/Stan_Tracey/B7XV5Whn">Stan Tracey</a>, <a href="/facts/Eje_Thelin/nb1uFLww">Eje Thelin</a>, Kai Kanthak, <a href="/facts/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Jenny-Clark/LjAaEyds">Jean-François Jenny-Clark</a>, <a href="/facts/G%C3%BCnter_Sommer/7eV6C4pS">Günter "Baby" Sommer</a>, <a href="/facts/Aldo_Romano/Jq1Fzo6t">Aldo Romano</a>) (1979)</li> <li><i>Mr. Playdough Man</i> – Cool and the Clones, Ejaz (cassette) – 1979 – 1983</li> <li><i>Celestial Glory</i> – Gunter Hampel & His Galaxie Dream Band (1981)</li> <li><i>Inscapes</i> – Gunter Hampel, Birth (video)</li> <li><i>Live in Eastern Europe</i> – John Fischer (1983)</li> <li><i>Licorice Factory</i> – Licorice Factory (1986)</li> <li><i>Songs of the Working People</i> – (<a href="/facts/Flying_Fish_Records/gJ0B8KhP">Flying Fish</a>, 1988)</li> <li><i>Materialized Perception</i> – <a href="/facts/German_Clarinet_Duo/wGr8NWmA">German Clarinet Duo</a> (1992)</li> <li><i>Jew–azzic Park</i> – Klezmokum (1994)</li> <li><i>PoGressions</i> – Lou Grassi (1995)</li> <li><i>ReJew–Venation</i> – Klezmokum (1998)</li> <li><i>Pushin' 30</i> – Eli Yamin, (Yamin Music, 1998)</li> <li><i>The Best of Kilopop!</i> – Chris Butler, (Future Fossil Music, 2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/PoZest/4usgy1AX">PoZest</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Marshall_Allen/IQrLL3c9">Marshall Allen</a> (CIMP, 2000)</li> <li><i>New Prohibition: A Music History of Hemp</i> (Various Artists) (Viper, 2001)</li> <li><i>Klezmokum: Le Dor Va Dor</i> – (BVHAAST, 2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Bob%27s_Pink_Cadillac/tArbXfjW">Bob's Pink Cadillac</a></i> – William Parker Clarinet Trio (<a href="/facts/Eremite_Records/0gtdzc2j">Eremite</a>, 2002)</li> <li><i>ComPOsed</i> – Lou Grassi's PoBand/John Tchicai (2002)</li> <li><i>Buzzy Linhart Presents the Big Few</i> (2003) – Buzzy Linhart</li> <li><i>Kundalini Rhapsody</i> – Muruga Booker, Dr. Dennis Chernin, & Perry Robinson (2003)</li> <li><i>One Global Village</i> – Global Village Ceremonial Band (Qbico, 2005)</li> <li><i>Honeysuckle Dog</i> – Chris Smither (Okra–tone, 2004)</li> <li><i>Invisible Cities</i> – Steve Swell/Perry Robinson 2004</li> <li><i>Rarum XV</i> – Carla Bley (<a href="/facts/ECM_Records/5rAX8MmY">ECM</a>, 2004)</li> <li><i>Holy Ghost: Rare & Unissued Recordings (1962–70)</i> (<a href="/facts/Revenant_Records/8Roe2XUx">Revenant</a>, 2004)</li> <li><i>Children Song</i> – Children Song (Konnex, 2005)</li> <li><i>Free Funk</i> (Qbico, 2005)</li> <li><i>Carnival Skin</i> – Perry Robinson, Peter Evans, Bruce Eisenbeil, Hilliard Greene, Klaus Kugel (Nemu, 2005)</li> <li><i>Impulse Story</i> – Archie Shepp (Impulse!, 2006)</li> <li><i>Still Travelling</i> – (<a href="/facts/West_Wind_Records/L9nSIlKt">West Wind</a>, 2006)</li> <li><i>First Blues</i> – Allen Ginsberg – (Water, 2006)</li> <li><i>Muruga & The Global Village Ceremonial Band</i> (Qbico, 2005)</li> <li><i>House That Trane Built: Story of Impulse Records</i> – Various Artists (Impulse!, 2006)</li> <li><i>The Soul in the Mist</i> – <a href="/facts/Andrea_Centazzo/AahS0hMI">Andrea Centazzo</a>, Perry Robinson & Nobu Stowe (<a href="/facts/Ictus_Records/9oJFzIFF">Ictus</a>, 2007)</li> <li><i>Hommage an Klaus Kinski</i> – Nobu Stowe–Lee Pembleton Project (<a href="/facts/Soul_Note_Records/IcsP3els">Soul Note</a>, 2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/A_Long_Story_(Anat_Fort_album)/CKGjvVab">A Long Story</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Anat_Fort/btUwt6dx">Anat Fort</a> (ECM, 2007)</li> <li><i>Ancestors, Mindreles, Nagila Monsters</i> – Klez–Edge (Tzadik, 2008)</li> <li><i>OrthoFunkOlogy</i> – Free Funk (Musart, 2008)</li> <li><i>Three Neighbours</i> – (<a href="/facts/Gerald_Achee/mUcbF4c9">Gerald Achee</a>, Perry Robinson and Joel Chassan, 2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Trails_of_Tears_(Jacques_Coursil_album)/Pwy6NKQj">Trails of Tears</a></i> – <a href="/facts/Jacques_Coursil/Cc0p27Rc">Jacques Coursil</a> (Sunnyside, 2010)</li> <li><i>Live at Sage Court Studio</i> – Muruga-Robinson Ensemble (Musart, 2014)</li> <li><i>Fathership – Mothership World Connection</i> – Muruga and the Cosmic Hoedown Band meet George Clinton and P-Funk All-Stars (Musart, 2015)</li> <li><i>@ The Wormhole Cafe</i> – Wormhole Cafe (Musart, 2016)</li> <li><i>Essence</i> – Perry Robinson & Muruga Booker (Musart, 2016)</li> <li><i>Night Shift</i> — Rick Jacobi (Musart, 2017)</li> <li><i>Clarinet Summit</i> – <a href="/facts/Theo_J%C3%B6rgensmann/2jH2JGQe">Theo Jörgensmann</a>, <a href="/facts/Gianluigi_Trovesi/nCb3fJwB">Gianluigi Trovesi</a>, Bernd Konrad, Annette Maye, Sebastian Gramss, Albrecht Maurer and <a href="/facts/G%C3%BCnter_Sommer/7eV6C4pS">Günter Sommer</a> (Jazzwerkstatt, 2017).</li> <li><i>The N.Y. Clarinet Society- Coco</i> - w/ Michael Marcus & Jay Rosen (FSR Records, 2022)</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115211557/http://www.jazzdiscography.com/Artists/Robinson/prdisc.htm">"Perry Robinson Discography"</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=618">"A Fireside Chat with Perry Robinson"</a> — at <i>All About Jazz</i> posted November 13, 2003</li> <li><a href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/326417-Perry-Robinson">Entry at discogs.com</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Perry Robinson | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved July 31, 2021. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Who's Who of Jazz (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 338. ISBN 0-85112-580-8. <a href="0-85112-580-8" target="_blank">0-85112-580-8</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Perry Robinson | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved July 31, 2021. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Perry Robinson | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved July 31, 2021. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Who's Who of Jazz (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 338. ISBN 0-85112-580-8. <a href="0-85112-580-8" target="_blank">0-85112-580-8</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Perry Robinson | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved July 31, 2021. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Perry Robinson | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved July 31, 2021. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Perry Robinson | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved July 31, 2021. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Perry Robinson; Florence F. Wetzel (2002). Perry Robinson: The Traveler. iUniverse. ISBN 9780595215386. <a href="9780595215386" target="_blank">9780595215386</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Perry Robinson | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved July 31, 2021. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Perry Robinson | Album Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved July 31, 2021. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/discography" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/artist/perry-robinson-mn0000315419/discography</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>