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Isotropic formulations
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<h2 id="uses">Uses</h2> <p>While it is well established that the skin provides an ideal site for the administration of local and systemic <a href="/facts/Medication/h9mhwWP2">drugs</a>, it presents a formidable barrier to the permeation of most substances.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Isotropic formulations have been used to deliver drugs locally and systemically via the skin appendages, intercellular and transcellular routes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Leslie FM. “Continuum Theory for Nematic Liquid Crystals Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics.” 1992. 4 (3): 167 [1] <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01130288" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01130288</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Ghosh SK. “A Model for the Orientational Order in Liquid Crystals.” Il Nuovo Cimento D 1984 4 (3): 229 [2] <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02453342" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02453342</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Chen C, Han D, Cai C, Tang X. “An Overview of Liposome Lyopholisation and its Future Potential Journal of Controlled Release.” 2010; 142:299-311 [3] <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168365909007366" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168365909007366</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Gregoriadis G. “Lipsomes in Drug Delivery.” Harwood Academic Publishers, 1993; [4] <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IqqYFne6deEC&dq=Liposomes+in+Drug+Delivery&pg=PR7" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=IqqYFne6deEC&dq=Liposomes+in+Drug+Delivery&pg=PR7</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Landman L. “The Epidermal Permeability Barrier.” Anat Embryol (Berl) 1988; 178:1-13 [5] <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00305008" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00305008</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Harada K. Murakami T. Yata N et al. “Role of Intercellular Lipids in Stratum Corneum in the Percutaneous Permeation of Drugs.” J Invest Dermatol 1992; 9 99: 278-282 [6] <a href="http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v99/n3/abs/5611978a.html" target="_blank">http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v99/n3/abs/5611978a.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>