Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Glossary of anarchism
open-in-new
<h2 id="a">A</h2> Acracy The negation of rule or "<a href="/facts/Government/N4bYL0VC">government</a> by none". While "anarchy" refers to the absence of a <a href="/facts/Hierarchy/mYJyqFrG">hierarchical</a> society-organizing <i>power principle</i>, "acracy" refers to the absence of <i><a href="/facts/Coercion/Cs2TDsUR">coercion</a></i>; the condition of acracy is one of voluntary <a href="/facts/Social_order/dmGpaE6s">order</a>. Derived from the <a href="/facts/Greek_language/pzDd6eIz">Greek</a> α- [no] and κρατία [system of government]. <a href="/facts/Adhocracy/TomIfF31">Adhocracy</a> A form of organic organization according to which different parts of an organization are temporarily assembled to meet the requirements of that particular point in time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Affinity_group/zQrbYA0b">Affinity group</a> A small non-hierarchical collective of individuals who collaborate on direct action via consensus decision-making.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Anarch_(sovereign_individual)/gAU5P9w8">Anarch</a> Coined by <a href="/facts/Ernst_J%25C3%25BCnger/lEEfLEHT">Ernst Jünger</a>, this refers to the ruler (i.e. individual) in a state of anarchy analogous to the <a href="/facts/Monarch/YNmBzgBl">monarch</a> in a state of <a href="/facts/Monarchy/Kg1vY7tt">monarchy</a>, a conception influenced by <a href="/facts/Max_Stirner/tGqWzlc5">Max Stirner</a>'s notion of the <a href="/facts/Sovereign_individual/AoUKNXgH">sovereign individual</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Anarchism_without_adjectives/bnasodVm">Anarchism without adjectives</a> A form of anarchism which does not declare affiliation with any specific subtype of anarchism (as may be suffixed to anarcho- or anarcha-), instead positioning itself as pluralistic, tolerant of all <a href="/facts/Anarchist_schools_of_thought/0n1LXQz0">anarchist schools of thought</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Anarchy/BA6reeTa">Anarchy</a> Derived from the <a href="/facts/Ancient_Greek/LIK7NlUh">Ancient Greek</a> ἀν (without) + ἄρχειν (to rule) "without <a href="/facts/Archon/y5baFucm">archons</a>," "without rulers".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Anomie/pqGbNTwv">Anomie</a> Social disorder and civil war in an absence of government, used to separate anarchy as in social order <i>and</i> absence of government. Ansoc Clipping of <a href="/facts/Anarcho-socialism/BICo0Hq1">anarcho-socialism</a> and/or anarcho-socialist used in informal discourse, particularly in <a href="/facts/Blogs/bb6awu2X">blogs</a> or other <a href="/facts/Internet_forums/bRuqfQfN">internet forums</a>. Anti-systemic library A library which is not organised hierarchically and that has no <a href="/facts/Library_catalog/mk474y74">catalogue</a>. The concept is influenced by the ideas of the <a href="/facts/Situationist_International/fYNjPtKB">Situationists</a>. <a href="/facts/Autonomism/tfSQ9ax9">Autonomism</a> A set of radical left-wing political movements in <a href="/facts/Western_Europe/YmWlV59w">Western Europe</a> which emerged in the late 20th century. <a href="/facts/Archon/y5baFucm">Archon</a> A Greek word meaning "ruler"; the absence of archons and archy (rule) defines a state of <i>anarchy</i>. Derived from the Ancient Greek άρχων, pl. άρχοντες. <h2 id="b">B</h2> <i><a href="/facts/Biennio_rosso/TTB7Q2vX">Biennio rosso</a></i> The "two red years" of political agitation, strikes and land occupation by <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italian</a> workers in 1919 and 1920.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Black_anarchism/o3FHDtml">Black anarchism</a> A political philosophy primarily of <a href="/facts/African-Americans/pTgcAdo8">African-Americans</a>, opposed to what it sees as the oppression of <a href="/facts/People_of_colour/wrK7eIBF">people of colour</a> by the <a href="/facts/White_people/DTcnHeMU">white</a> <a href="/facts/Ruling_class/6brqEKFD">ruling class</a> through the power of the <a href="/facts/State_(polity)/7ggBzTSk">state</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Black_bloc/1YT5CNga">Black bloc</a> An affinity group, or cluster of affinity groups that assembles during <a href="/facts/Protest/XlKeUgBy">protests</a>, <a href="/facts/Demonstration_(people)/d0ow1Fx3">demonstrations</a>, or other forms of <a href="/facts/Direct_action/3YbTLfsT">direct action</a>. Black blocs are noted for the distinctive all-black clothing worn by members to conceal their <a href="/facts/Identity_politics/VrWYN0SD">identity</a> and for their intentional defiance of state <a href="/facts/Property_law/Ld8Fq4DK">property law</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Bourse_du_Travail/YtckxqtW">Bourse du Travail</a></i> A distinctively French form of working class organization of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, <i>bourses du travail</i> promoted <a href="/facts/Mutual_aid_(politics)/lj3FhPFc">mutual aid</a>, education, and <a href="/facts/Self-organization/NSGBKxUa">self-organization</a> amongst their members.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> <h2 id="c">C</h2> <a href="/facts/Anarchist_companionship/Uda47aLX">Companion</a> A term used to speak about a fellow anarchist, akin to 'comrade' in communism and a <a href="/facts/Anarchist_companionship/Uda47aLX">former organizational structure of anarchism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Consensus_decision-making/z965PMKc">Consensus decision-making</a> A <a href="/facts/Participation_(decision_making)/oujuu4FW">participatory</a> <a href="/facts/Decision_making/NbJYprSw">decision making</a> process for collectives that seeks the resolution or mitigation of minority objections (according to the principle of <a href="/facts/Inclusion_(value_and_practice)/8or1ar6F">inclusivity</a>) as well as the <a href="/facts/Majority_favorite_criterion/7ayptJfM">agreement of the majority</a> of participants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Cost_the_limit_of_price/ppIeDbXC">Cost the limit of price</a> A maxim coined by <a href="/facts/Individualist_anarchist/wT2HMmVU">individualist anarchist</a> <a href="/facts/Josiah_Warren/4UAyBSJQ">Josiah Warren</a> (1798–1874) to express a <a href="/facts/Normative_economics/3mo8HD4c">normative</a> conception of the <a href="/facts/Labor_theory_of_value/N01J0w3j">labor theory of value</a>—that is, that the price of a good or service should never exceed its cost.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Counter-economics/r6F7MvSV">Counter-economics</a> Abbreviation of "counter-establishment economics", a concept in <a href="/facts/Agorism/e9fFP8MS">agorist</a> theory of the use and advocacy of <a href="/facts/Black_market/HDL3tQDz">black</a> and <a href="/facts/Grey_market/X6z7J0gS">grey markets</a> and the <a href="/facts/Underground_economy/HDL3tQDz">underground economy</a> to erode the moral authority of and the perceived necessity for the <a href="/facts/State_(polity)/7ggBzTSk">state</a>. <h2 id="d">D</h2> Dispute resolution organization (DRO) A private (or possibly cooperative) organization specialized in resolving disputes that would arise in an anarchical society (similar to a PDA).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Diversity_of_tactics/7sIB3xxz">Diversity of tactics</a> A united front of solidarity between participants who disagree on specific choice of tactics. For instance, during a protest action, demonstrators can create zones with varying degrees of tactical risk, rather than imposing a single code.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Dual_power/P4bX1dt7">Dual power</a> The concept of <a href="/facts/Revolution/PIkDlrC0">revolution</a> through the creation of "counter-institutions" in place of and in opposition to state power.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Used in <a href="/facts/Anarcho-communist/2rDylfkT">anarcho-communist</a> discourse, it is distinct from the <a href="/facts/Dual_power/P4bX1dt7">earlier use</a> of the phrase by non-anarchist communists such as <a href="/facts/Vladimir_Lenin/Mrwq2Xs4">Vladimir Lenin</a>. <a href="/facts/Dumpster_diving/ULjnKd9o">Dumpster diving</a> Physically searching through the discarded belongings in a <a href="/facts/Waste_receptacle/HFUjRo3a">dumpster</a> or other trash receptacle, with the intention of salvaging useful material such as food or <a href="/facts/Information_diving/lQeb5B25">information</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> <h2 id="e">E</h2> <a href="/facts/Epistemological_anarchism/8MUcW9p8">Epistemological anarchism</a> A theory in the <a href="/facts/Philosophy_of_science/aonsfhTY">philosophy of science</a> advanced by <a href="/facts/Paul_Feyerabend/DD4GHkSG">Paul Feyerabend</a> which holds that there are no useful and exception-free rules governing the <a href="/facts/Scientific_progress/xerueoQV">progress of science</a>, and that the pragmatic approach is a <a href="/facts/Dada/jzSrVtQo">Dadaistic</a> "anything goes" attitude of <a href="/facts/Methodological_pluralism/vbQby8yN">methodological pluralism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> <h2 id="f">F</h2> <a href="/facts/Food_rescue/FNXQjQVF">Food rescue</a> The practice of retrieving edible food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to those in need.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Anarchistic_free_school/8CHnK5qJ">Free school</a> A <a href="/facts/Decentralization/5koMXAUs">decentralized</a> network in which skills, information and knowledge are shared with neither the social hierarchy nor the institutional environment of formal schooling. <a href="/facts/Free_soviets/l6IszPf1">Free soviets</a> Following the Russian Revolution, the concept of <a href="/facts/Workers%2527_councils/CcqfMwgP">workers' councils</a> (<a href="/facts/Soviet_(council)/M76TgTzy">soviets</a>) that were self-governing and free from party control.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Freeganism/y3gALWRu">Freeganism</a> An <a href="/facts/Anti-consumerist/entCY2sX">anti-consumerist</a> lifestyle according to which participants attempt to restrict their consumption of natural resources and participation in the conventional economy to using salvaged and discarded goods.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Freigeld/4bM95CnM">Freigeld</a></i> A <a href="/facts/Monetary/3BYGU6C8">monetary</a> system in the <i><a href="/facts/Freiwirtschaft/MQt8mtTA">Freiwirtschaft</a></i> theory, according to which units of currency retain their value or lose it at a certain rate, making <a href="/facts/Inflation/YvKtKrVI">inflation</a> and profiting from <a href="/facts/Interest/qfNEuKg0">interest</a> impossible. <i>Freigeld</i> is a <a href="/facts/German_language/oWaQIDA8">German</a> phrase with the literal meaning "free money".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> <h2 id="g">G</h2> <a href="/facts/Give-away_shop/GRVfkm2E">Give-away shop</a> <a href="/facts/Second-hand_store/A1z1GRK9">Second-hand stores</a> where all goods are free. An example of a <a href="/facts/Gift_economy/lFp9Y2GU">gift economy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Guerrilla_gardening/ss6hkKld">Guerrilla gardening</a> Nonviolent direct action whereby disused plots are converted to <a href="/facts/Garden/HMvxMDLB">gardens</a> without seeking the permission of the putative property owners.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> Related: squatting. <h2 id="h">H</h2> Haymarket Martyrs The seven anarchists tried and executed for the murder of a Chicago policeman during the <a href="/facts/Haymarket_affair/jJL8jVgE">Haymarket affair</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> Haymarket Tragedy See Haymarket Martyrs Hierarchy See social hierarchy <i><a href="/facts/Horizontalidad/V9a4DKf0">Horizontalidad</a></i> (also Horizontalism) A form of non-hierarchical social organization which utilises direct democracy and consensus decision-making.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> <h2 id="i">I</h2> <a href="/facts/Illegalism/6RQ7wzMP">Illegalism</a> A doctrine which rejects all <a href="/facts/Moral_obligations/NG6tQP6U">moral obligations</a> and governmental <a href="/facts/Law/luzxWkg0">law</a> in favour of the satisfaction of one's own desires.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> Pioneered by the <a href="/facts/Bonnot_Gang/x0ISL4rK">Bonnot Gang</a> in <a href="/facts/Anarchism_in_France/Uuld0HPs">France</a> and heavily influenced by the <a href="/facts/Individualist_anarchist/wT2HMmVU">individualist anarchist</a> <a href="/facts/Philosophy_of_Max_Stirner/sMMAn8Ca">philosophy of Max Stirner</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Immediatism/Cc3coIQR">Immediatism</a> A philosophy which demands the embracing of immediate social interactions with people as a means of countering the <a href="/facts/Social_alienation/IfTTKJBJ">antisocial consequences</a> of consumerist <a href="/facts/Capitalism/FbPc6TTw">capitalism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> Individual reclamation (<i>reprise individuelle</i>) A form of direct action that advocates for criminal acts in service of a cause. Influenced by Bolshevik theory.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Infoshop/cds2qJA8">Infoshop</a> A space (often a <a href="/facts/Social_center/Iv32Yk6H">social center</a>) that serves as a node for anarchists involved with radical movements and <a href="/facts/Counterculture/8vyVeL92">countercultures</a> for trading publications (typically books, <a href="/facts/Zines/m8kIhUKL">zines</a>, stickers and posters), meeting and networking with similar individuals and groups.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> The primary directive of an infoshop is the <a href="/facts/Dissemination/D3eh1QDb">dissemination</a> of information.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> Related: zine library. <a href="/facts/Invisible_dictatorship/ocWaJYSv">Invisible dictatorship</a> A <a href="/facts/Vanguardist/71nR0VpC">vanguardist</a> organisation of <a href="/facts/Revolutionaries/lf2244Ca">revolutionaries</a> first proposed by <a href="/facts/Mikhail_Bakunin/ocWaJYSv">Mikhail Bakunin</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> <h2 id="j">J</h2> <a href="/facts/Jurisdictional_arbitrage/1Vj9dmdP">Jurisdictional arbitrage</a> Exploitation of differences in national laws and regulations<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> to maximise <a href="/facts/Liberty/fHvkBVSv">liberty</a>. Related: dynamic geography, panarchism. <h2 id="k">K</h2> <i><a href="/facts/Kabouters/ndfu46kM">Kabouters</a></i> Dutch anarchists influenced by <a href="/facts/Peter_Kropotkin/JBVeQUrG">Peter Kropotkin</a> who sought to promote awareness of alternatives to authoritarian and capitalist solutions to social problems in 1960s <a href="/facts/Amsterdam/Xdd393bz">Amsterdam</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> <h2 id="l">L</h2> Land and liberty <p class="note">For other uses, see <a href="/facts/Land_and_liberty_(disambiguation)/kMrSsTTh">Land and liberty (disambiguation)</a>.</p> A slogan expressing the desire of freedom from landowners originally used by the revolutionary leaders of the <a href="/facts/Mexican_Revolution/00UPAByl">Mexican Revolution</a>. <a href="/facts/Spanish_language/95BgYNfv">Spanish</a>: <i>Tierra y Libertad</i>, <a href="/facts/Russian_language/ETXrTgHV">Russian</a>: Земля и Воля <i>Zemlya i Volya</i>. <a href="/facts/Law_of_equal_liberty/bx6qU329">Law of equal liberty</a> A doctrine asserting that each individual has the right to assert their fullest liberty to act so long as it does not extend them greater liberty than any other individual. Named by <a href="/facts/Herbert_Spencer/d1qsSq4r">Herbert Spencer</a>. Lifestylism Anarchists who prioritize cultural and identity protest over class struggle politics. Associated with <a href="/facts/Murray_Bookchin/2DQjJNIz">Murray Bookchin</a>'s <a href="/facts/Social_Anarchism_or_Lifestyle_Anarchism/BGssoBXF">1995 essay</a> in pejorative reference to <a href="/facts/Anarcho-primitivist/Q8kAYaBf">anarcho-primitivists</a>, <a href="/facts/Contemporary_anarchism/18629SvN">poststructural anarchists</a>, and <a href="/facts/Individualist_anarchism/wT2HMmVU">individualists</a>/<a href="/facts/Egoist_anarchism/sD3NbvYs">egoists</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Lois_sc%25C3%25A9l%25C3%25A9rates/baYHCU40">Lois scélérates</a></i> A <a href="/facts/Pejorative_term/UId8vPsx">pejorative term</a> for a set of French laws passed during 1893–1894 restricting the <a href="/facts/Freedom_of_the_press/9RLTKfod">freedom of the anarchist press</a> in the aftermath of an outbreak of <a href="/facts/Propaganda_of_the_deed/d5bVBMIh">propaganda of the deed</a>. <h2 id="m">M</h2> <a href="/facts/Makhnovshchina/wUD0STaj">Makhnovshchina</a> Mass movement to establish anarchist-communism in Ukraine, led by the Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary <a href="/facts/Nestor_Makhno/75srVs8H">Nestor Makhno</a> (1888–1934) and his followers in the <a href="/facts/Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine/qmtXVMQa">Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine</a>. <a href="/facts/Modern_School_(United_States)/v8vu13yz">Modern School</a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">American</a> <a href="/facts/School/AxxKew5Y">schools</a> formed in the early 20th century based on the ideas of educator and anarchist <a href="/facts/Francesc_Ferrer_i_Gu%25C3%25A0rdia/LjA5RzIn">Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia</a> and modelled after his <i><a href="/facts/Escuela_Moderna/TI7fcspR">Escuela Moderna</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Mutual_aid_(politics)/lj3FhPFc">Mutual aid</a> The voluntary reciprocal exchange of resources and services for mutual benefit. Related: gift economy, voluntarism. <h2 id="n">N</h2> Netwar Low-intensity social conflict employing a network structure for organisational control and communication.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> Related: Security culture. <h2 id="p">P</h2> Panarchy (political philosophy) <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Panarchy_(political_philosophy)/PW66EDMh">Panarchy (political philosophy)</a></p> Participatory politics <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Participatory_politics/WYF7CSCV">Participatory politics</a></p> Polycentric law <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Polycentric_law/pDRnyb6C">Polycentric law</a></p> Popular assembly <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Popular_assembly/4erD0D8B">Popular assembly</a></p> Post-left <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Post-left_anarchy/DpgqsCU2">Post-left anarchy</a></p> Prefigurative politics <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Prefigurative_politics/C9GLbmgE">Prefigurative politics</a></p> Primitivist Used interchangeably with <a href="/facts/Anarcho-primitivism/Q8kAYaBf">anarcho-primitivist</a>. Propaganda of the deed <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Propaganda_of_the_deed/d5bVBMIh">Propaganda of the deed</a></p> Property is theft! <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Property_is_theft!/a4H4ffpI">Property is theft!</a></p> <i><a href="/facts/Provo_(movement)/PsYNyrQM">Provo</a></i> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Provo_(movement)/PsYNyrQM">Provo (movement)</a></p> Punk house <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Punk_house/tSCtRKaF">Punk house</a></p> <h2 id="r">R</h2> Radical cheerleading <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Radical_cheerleading/P4s793mx">Radical cheerleading</a></p> <a href="/facts/Really_Really_Free_Market/raYyCcxl">Really Really Free Market</a> A free market based on the principle of <a href="/facts/Gift_economics/lFp9Y2GU">gift economics</a> whereby participants bring gifts and resources to share with one another, without <a href="/facts/Money/3BYGU6C8">money</a> being exchanged.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> Related: participatory economics, voluntary association. Refusal of work <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Refusal_of_work/mqTcz2GG">Refusal of work</a></p> Responsible autonomy <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Responsible_autonomy/lnlXIY3k">Responsible autonomy</a></p> Revolutionary spontaneity <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Revolutionary_spontaneity/TTejwc36">Revolutionary spontaneity</a></p> Rewilding <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Rewilding_(conservation_biology)/DEl1RMe9">Rewilding (conservation biology)</a></p> <i>Reprise individuelle</i> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Individual_reclamation/IuEwtfD4">Individual reclamation</a></p> <h2 id="s">S</h2> <a href="/facts/Seasteading/2m293fyj">Seasteading</a> The creation of permanent dwellings on the ocean, analogous to <a href="/facts/Homesteading/ucNyKw3A">homesteading</a> on land. A seastead is a structure meant for permanent occupation on the ocean.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> Security culture Secrecy practiced by an affinity group which engages in illegal activities, and its precautions to avoid surveillance or infiltration by law enforcement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> Related: direct action, netwar Social center <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Social_center/Iv32Yk6H">Social center</a></p> Social ecology <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Social_ecology_(theory)/BR8Ax6C4">Social ecology (theory)</a></p> Social hierarchy <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Social_hierarchy/AdXjXrKt">Social hierarchy</a></p> Social revolution <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Social_revolution/NjFCDlg3">Social revolution</a></p> Somatherapy <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Somatherapy/efxws8ja">Somatherapy</a></p> Spokescouncil <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Spokescouncil/z965PMKc">Spokescouncil</a></p> Spontaneous order <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Spontaneous_order/kVqnqDwd">Spontaneous order</a></p> Street reclamation <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Street_reclamation/3UMCdfYK">Street reclamation</a></p> <i>Swaraj</i> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Swaraj/PVzLeff3">Swaraj</a></p> <h2 id="t">T</h2> <a href="/facts/TANSTAAFL/cDqNNJkm">TANSTAAFL</a> Acronym coined by <a href="/facts/Libertarian_science_fiction/5ItgDTCg">libertarian science fiction</a> writer <a href="/facts/Robert_A._Heinlein/h0oY0898">Robert A. Heinlein</a> in <i><a href="/facts/The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress/RGSYJKIw">The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress</a></i> for "There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch". Used to express scepticism towards socialist economics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Tragic_Week_(Catalonia)/G5c2Jadz">Tragic Week</a> The name given to a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish army and the anarchist-backed working classes in <a href="/facts/Catalonia/p2KeGXbf">Catalunyan</a> cities from July 25-August 2, 1909.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Trial_of_the_thirty/uKySGsyN">Trial of the thirty</a> A <a href="/facts/Show_trial/zYRV8LyR">show trial</a> in 1894 in <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a> aimed at legitimizing the <i><a href="/facts/Lois_sc%25C3%25A9l%25C3%25A9rates/baYHCU40">lois scélérates</a></i> passed in 1893–1894 against the <a href="/facts/Anarchism_in_France/Uuld0HPs">French anarchist movement</a> and at <a href="/facts/Censorship_in_France/JhoX2Mg2">restricting press freedom</a> by proving the existence of an effective association between anarchists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> French: <i>Procès des trente</i> <h2 id="v">V</h2> <a href="/facts/Veganarchism/nKNFroAg">Veganarchism</a> The <a href="/facts/Political_philosophy/JuLBNdAX">political philosophy</a> of <a href="/facts/Veganism/ENrKFBzz">veganism</a> (more specifically <a href="/facts/Anarchism_and_animal_rights/nKNFroAg">animal liberation</a>) and <a href="/facts/Anarchism/4a262gvQ">anarchism</a>, creating a combined <a href="/facts/Praxis_(process)/Lrb2zfEe">praxis</a> as a means for <a href="/facts/Social_revolution/NjFCDlg3">social revolution</a>. <a href="/facts/Voluntaryism/S7Yk1dBX">Voluntarism</a> The use of or reliance on voluntary action to maintain an institution, carry out a policy, or achieve an end.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Voluntaryism/S7Yk1dBX">Voluntaryism</a> A <a href="/facts/Political_philosophy/JuLBNdAX">political philosophy</a> which advocates <a href="/facts/Voluntary_association/RVqXhl3v">voluntary association</a> as the foundation of society, and opposes <a href="/facts/Coercion/Cs2TDsUR">coercion</a> and <a href="/facts/Aggression/deWEwTyk">aggression</a>. <h2 id="w">W</h2> <a href="/facts/Wage_slavery/nEQAyMGX">Wage slavery</a> A term which asserts a similarity between <a href="/facts/Slavery/IXX2S92u">slavery</a>—the ownership and control of one person by another—and <a href="/facts/Wage_labour/IN7u4epK">wage labour</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Workers%2527_self-management/MXwBJktg">Workers' self-management</a> A form of workplace decision-making in which the workers rather than professional managers decide on issues related to the operation of the business.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> <h2 id="z">Z</h2> <a href="/facts/Zenarchy/5y3dqRUV">Zenarchy</a> Compound of <i><a href="/facts/Zen/Fvgltk1w">zen</a></i> and "archy". The <a href="/facts/Social_order/dmGpaE6s">social order</a> which arises from <a href="/facts/Meditation/8KjW0lHy">meditation</a>. As a doctrine, zenarchism is the belief that "universal enlightenment" is a prerequisite to the abolition of the state.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Zine/Cm5JnwLp">Zine</a> A low-circulation, non-commercial <a href="/facts/List_of_anarchist_periodicals/NyY8LtMe">periodical</a> of original or <a href="/facts/Appropriation_(art)/JALs8j49">appropriated</a> texts and images. Usually reproduced via <a href="/facts/Photocopier/aF7URdyU">photocopier</a> on a variety of colored paper stock. <a href="/facts/Zine_library/m8kIhUKL">Zine library</a> A <a href="/facts/Archive/BgCG3dxa">repository</a> of zines and other associated artifacts, such as <a href="/facts/Small_press/scQLkYGt">small press</a> books. Zine libraries are typically run on a minimal budget, and have a close association with infoshops and other forms of <a href="/facts/DIY_culture/C2Gf8VJW">DIY culture</a> and <a href="/facts/Independent_media/eQAFFbP6">independent media</a>. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Anarchism portal</li></ul> For a list of words relating to Anarchism, see the Anarchism category of words in <a href="/facts/Wiktionary/CkYghv2h">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary. <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_basic_anarchism_topics/hCbalDMb">List of basic anarchism topics</a></li></ul> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Bouhey, Vivien (2009), <i>Les Anarchistes contre la République</i> [<i>The Anarchists against the Republic</i>], Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes (PUR)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Alvesson, Mats (1995). Management of Knowledge-Intensive Companies. Walter De Gruyter Inc. p. 93. ISBN 978-3110128659. <a href="978-3110128659" target="_blank">978-3110128659</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Recipes for Disaster, p.28-31 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Warrior, Waldgänger, Anarch: An essay on Ernst Jünger's concept of the sovereign individual Archived 2008-06-09 at the Wayback Machine by Abdalbarr Braun. Retrieved 22 December 2007. <a href="http://www.fluxeuropa.com/juenger-anarch.htm" target="_blank">http://www.fluxeuropa.com/juenger-anarch.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Esenwein, George Richard "Anarchist Ideology and the Working Class Movement in Spain, 1868–1898" [p. 135] <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Anarchy Merriam-Webster's Online dictionary <a href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anarchy" target="_blank">http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anarchy</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Macdonald, Hamish (1998). Mussolini and Italian Fascism. Trans-Atlantic Publications. p. 17. ISBN 978-0748733866. <a href="978-0748733866" target="_blank">978-0748733866</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Daquan, Bridger (2007). Delusion Addiction. Trafford Publishing. p. 118. ISBN 978-1425117696. <a href="978-1425117696" target="_blank">978-1425117696</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Blocs, Black and Otherwise". Crimethinc.com. CrimethInc. 20 November 2003. Retrieved 2008-08-05. <a href="http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/pastfeatures/blocs.php" target="_blank">http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/pastfeatures/blocs.php</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>ACME Collective, A communique from one section of the black bloc of N30 in Seattle. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Ogg, Frederic Austin (1917). Economic development of modern Europe. New York: The Macmillan company. p. 464. OCLC 603770. <a href="https://archive.org/details/economicdevelop00ogggoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/economicdevelop00ogggoog</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Testard, François (2024). "Le non-recours intentionnel aux minima sociaux : sociologie d'expériences radicales". Transversales (in French) (24): 8. <a href="https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04596981v1/document" target="_blank">https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04596981v1/document</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Bouhey 2009, p. 68-81. - Bouhey, Vivien (2009), Les Anarchistes contre la République [The Anarchists against the Republic], Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes (PUR) <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Bouhey 2009, p. 93-100. - Bouhey, Vivien (2009), Les Anarchistes contre la République [The Anarchists against the Republic], Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes (PUR) <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Cohn, Jesse (2006). Anarchism and the Crisis of Representation. Selinsgrove Pa.: Susquehanna University Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-1575911052. <a href="978-1575911052" target="_blank">978-1575911052</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Graeber, David (2007). "The Twilight of Vanguardism". In Macphee, Josh (ed.). Realizing the Impossible. Stirling: AK Press. ISBN 978-1904859321. <a href="978-1904859321" target="_blank">978-1904859321</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Antliff, Allan (2004). Only a Beginning. Arsenal Pulp Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-1551521671. <a href="978-1551521671" target="_blank">978-1551521671</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Tucker, Benjamin R., "State Socialism and Anarchism Archived 1999-01-17 at the Wayback Machine", Individual Liberty, Vanguard Press, New York, 1926 <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" target="_blank">/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Molyneux, Stefan (October 24, 2005). "The Stateless Society". LewRockwell.com. Retrieved 2008-08-02. <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" target="_blank">/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Starr, Amory (May 2006). "' (Excepting Barricades Erected to Prevent Us from Peacefully Assembling)': So-called 'Violence' in the Global North Alterglobalization Movement". Social Movement Studies. 5 (1): 61–81. doi:10.1080/14742830600621233. ISSN 1474-2837. S2CID 146798880. <a href="/wiki/Social_Movement_Studies" target="_blank">/wiki/Social_Movement_Studies</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Jarach, Lawrence (Winter 2002–2003). "Anarcho-Communists, Platformism, and Dual Power: Innovation or Travesty?". Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed (54). Retrieved 2008-08-02. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Jarach&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Jarach&action=edit&redlink=1</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Dubrawsky, Ido (2007). How to Cheat at Securing Your Network. Syngress. p. 50. ISBN 978-1597492317. <a href="978-1597492317" target="_blank">978-1597492317</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Feyerabend, Paul (1993). Against Method. London: Verso. ISBN 9780860916468. <a href="9780860916468" target="_blank">9780860916468</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Levinson, David, ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of Homelessness. Thousand Oaks. p. 286. ISBN 978-0761927518. <a href="978-0761927518" target="_blank">978-0761927518</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Graziosi, Andrea (1996). The Great Soviet Peasant War: Bolsheviks and Peasants, 1917–1933. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-916458-83-6. OCLC 40684852. <a href="978-0-916458-83-6" target="_blank">978-0-916458-83-6</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Kurutz, Steven (June 21, 2007). "Not Buying It". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-06-21. the small but growing subculture of anticonsumerists who call themselves freegans — the term derives from vegans, the vegetarians who forsake all animal products, as many freegans also do <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/21/garden/21freegan.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/21/garden/21freegan.html</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Zweig, Ferdynand (1934). The Economics of Consumers' Credit. London: P. S. King & Son. p. 7. OCLC 5358381. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Logs : micro-fondements d'émancipation sociale et artistique. Maisons-Alfort, France : Ére, [2005- ]. ISBN 2-915453-04-7 OCLC 60370621 p.20 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Notes from Nowhere (2003). We Are Everywhere. London: Verso. p. 150. ISBN 978-1859844472. <a href="978-1859844472" target="_blank">978-1859844472</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Foner, Philip S., ed. (1969). The Autobiographies of the Haymarket Martyrs. New York: Pathfinder Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0873488792. <a href="978-0873488792" target="_blank">978-0873488792</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Sitrin, Marina (2006). Horizontalism. Stirling: AK Press. ISBN 978-1904859581. <a href="978-1904859581" target="_blank">978-1904859581</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Parry, Richard (1987). "From illegality to illegalism". The Bonnot Gang. London: Rebel Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0946061044. <a href="978-0946061044" target="_blank">978-0946061044</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Parry, Richard (1987). "From illegality to illegalism". The Bonnot Gang. London: Rebel Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0946061044. <a href="978-0946061044" target="_blank">978-0946061044</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Bey, Hakim (1994). Immediatism. AK Press. ISBN 978-1873176429. <a href="978-1873176429" target="_blank">978-1873176429</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>Armstrong-Myers, Katy (1989). "Review of THE BONNOT GANG". Socialist Lawyer (9): 20. ISSN 0954-3635. JSTOR 42950027. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Filippo, Roy (2003). A New World in Our Hearts. Stirling: AK Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1902593616. <a href="978-1902593616" target="_blank">978-1902593616</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Curran, James (2003). Contesting Media Power. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 57. ISBN 978-0742523852. <a href="978-0742523852" target="_blank">978-0742523852</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Clark, John P. (2004). Anarchy, Geography, Modernity. Lexington: Lexington Books. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-0739108055. <a href="978-0739108055" target="_blank">978-0739108055</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Williams, P. (2001). "Transnational Criminal Networks" (PDF). Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy. Retrieved 2008-06-23. <a href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1382/MR1382.ch3.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1382/MR1382.ch3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Woodcock, George (2004). Anarchism: a History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. Peterborough: Broadview Press. p. 371. ISBN 978-1551116297. <a href="978-1551116297" target="_blank">978-1551116297</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>Morris, Brian (2014). "The Political Legacy of Murray Bookchin". Anthropology, Ecology, and Anarchism: A Brian Morris Reader. PM Press. pp. 169–170. ISBN 978-1-60486-986-6. <a href="978-1-60486-986-6" target="_blank">978-1-60486-986-6</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>Brennan, Elizabeth (1998). Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners. Phoenix: Oryx Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-1573561112. <a href="978-1573561112" target="_blank">978-1573561112</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>Arquilla, J.; Ronfeldt, D. (1996). The Advent of Netwar. RAND Corporation. ISBN 978-0833024145. <a href="978-0833024145" target="_blank">978-0833024145</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Recipes for Disaster, p. 241 <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>Friedman, Patri (14 April 2008). "A Brief Introduction to the Seasteading Institute". Seasteading.org. Seasteading Institute. Retrieved 2008-06-23. <a href="/wiki/Patri_Friedman" target="_blank">/wiki/Patri_Friedman</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>Starr, Amory; Fernandez, Luis A.; Scholl, Christian (2011). Shutting Down the Streets: Political Violence and Social Control in the Global Era. NYU Press. pp. 114, 142. ISBN 9780814741009. Retrieved 4 May 2019.; Anonymous (2005). Recipes for Disaster. Crimethinc.Workers Collective. p. 461. ISBN 978-0970910141. <a href="9780814741009978-0970910141" target="_blank">9780814741009978-0970910141</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>Stover, Leon (1987). Robert A. Heinlein. Boston: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 978-0805775099. <a href="978-0805775099" target="_blank">978-0805775099</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>Bookchin, Murray (1997). The Spanish Anarchists. Stirling: AK Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-1873176047. <a href="978-1873176047" target="_blank">978-1873176047</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>Jean Maitron, Le mouvement anarchiste en France, Tel Gallimard (first ed. François Maspero, 1975), tome I, chapter VI, "Le Procès des Trente. Fin d'une époque", pp.251-261 <a href="/wiki/Jean_Maitron" target="_blank">/wiki/Jean_Maitron</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>"Voluntarism". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. Archived from the original on 2009-02-08. Retrieved 2008-09-18. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208110642/http://bartleby.com/61/44/V0144400.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090208110642/http://bartleby.com/61/44/V0144400.html</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>Malachowski, Alan (2001). Business Ethics. New York: Routledge. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-0415184625. <a href="978-0415184625" target="_blank">978-0415184625</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>Taras, Ray (1984). Ideology in a Socialist State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–92. ISBN 978-0521262712. <a href="978-0521262712" target="_blank">978-0521262712</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>Gorightly, Adam (2003). The Prankster and the Conspiracy. Paraview Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-1931044660. <a href="978-1931044660" target="_blank">978-1931044660</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>