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Concord grape
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<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2> <p>Concord grapes are often used to make grape <a href="/facts/Jelly_(fruit_preserves)/TSkwzfzF">jelly</a> and are only occasionally available as table grapes,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> especially in <a href="/facts/New_England/ufw2BmSl">New England</a>. They are the usual grapes used in the jelly for the traditional <a href="/facts/Peanut_butter_and_jelly_sandwich/6pgy7QdS">peanut butter and jelly sandwich</a>, and Concord grape jelly is a <a href="/facts/Staple_food/GNo3putV">staple product</a> in U.S. supermarkets. Concord grapes are used for grape juice, and their distinctive purple color has led to grape-flavored soft drinks and candy being artificially colored purple. <a href="/facts/Methyl_anthranilate/wIXEvDcu">Methyl anthranilate</a>, a chemical present in Concord grapes, is used to give "grape" flavor. The dark-colored Concord juice is used in some churches as a non-alcoholic alternative to wine in the service of <a href="/facts/Eucharist/us3hB9zL">communion</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Concord grapes have been used to make <a href="/facts/Kosher_wine/p9lsQBxL">kosher wine</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> and sacramental wine. The oldest sacramental winery in America, O-Neh-Da Vineyard, still produces a Concord wine for the altar.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The Concord grape was developed in 1849 by <a href="/facts/Ephraim_Wales_Bull/ywHsKjU6">Ephraim Wales Bull</a> in <a href="/facts/Concord%2c_Massachusetts/c9vUdRfy">Concord, Massachusetts</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> Bull planted seeds from wild <i><a href="/facts/Vitis_labrusca/emQsAEqz">Vitis labrusca</a></i> and evaluated over 22,000 seedlings before finding what he considered the ideal Concord grape.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Genetic_testing/H21wH0ze">Genetic testing</a> confirmed that Concord grape has roughly one-third <i><a href="/facts/Vitis_vinifera/n7u6fzeq">Vitis vinifera</a></i> parentage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The selected Concord vine was planted next to other cultivars, including <a href="/facts/Catawba_(grape)/WDR3vnnN">Catawba</a>, which was later confirmed to be a parent of Concord using systematic <a href="/facts/Microsatellite/SwfHbeXG">SSR analysis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>In 1853, Bull's grape won first place at the <a href="/facts/Massachusetts_Horticultural_Society/EyhJjCR4">Boston Horticultural Society</a> Exhibition.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> It was then introduced to the market in 1854. Dr. <a href="/facts/Thomas_Bramwell_Welch/RuCH8Jwb">Thomas Bramwell Welch</a> developed the first Concord <a href="/facts/Grape_juice/TvgYobIF">grape juice</a> in his house in 1869.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Through the process of <a href="/facts/Pasteurization/LnpM2tK1">pasteurization</a>, the juice did not <a href="/facts/Fermentation_(wine)/eS6uKKqQ">ferment</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Welch transferred the juice operations to <a href="/facts/Westfield%2c_New_York/9sbLcfvV">Westfield, New York</a>, processing 300 tons of grapes into juice in 1897.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Muscadine/TsPAkY6Q">Muscadine</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Scuppernong/7zwC5rqt">Scuppernong</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Concord grapes. <ul><li><a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/">Concord Grape Association</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000819055952/http://www.nationalgrape.com/">National Grape Cooperative</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Irvine, Ronald (1997). The wine project : Washington State's winemaking history. W. J. Clore. Vashon, WA: Sketch Publications. ISBN 0-9650834-9-7. OCLC 37862425. <a href="0-9650834-9-7" target="_blank">0-9650834-9-7</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts 2011 Summary". United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on December 31, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231002232/http://usda01.library.cornell.edu/usda/nass/NoncFruiNu//2010s/2012/NoncFruiNu-07-06-2012.txt" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20131231002232/http://usda01.library.cornell.edu/usda/nass/NoncFruiNu//2010s/2012/NoncFruiNu-07-06-2012.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Concord grape". National Grape Association. Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120925073642/http://www.nationalgrape.com/02b_ccd.shtml" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120925073642/http://www.nationalgrape.com/02b_ccd.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Why can't I find Concord grapes in the grocery store?". Concord Grape Association. Retrieved October 8, 2012. <a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyfacts.html#question10" target="_blank">http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyfacts.html#question10</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Peck, Garrett (August 3, 2009). The Prohibition Hangover: Alcohol in America from Demon Rum to Cult Cabernet. Rutgers University Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-8135-4849-4. <a href="978-0-8135-4849-4" target="_blank">978-0-8135-4849-4</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Appelbaum, Yoni (April 14, 2011). "The 11th Plague? Why People Drink Sweet Wine on Passover". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 4, 2011. <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/life/archive/2011/04/the-11th-plague-why-people-drink-sweet-wine-on-passover/73193/" target="_blank">https://www.theatlantic.com/life/archive/2011/04/the-11th-plague-why-people-drink-sweet-wine-on-passover/73193/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"O-Neh-Da Authentic Sacramental Wine". O-Neh-Da Vineyard. Archived from the original on May 10, 2009. Retrieved December 30, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090510231800/http://www.onehda.com/Home.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090510231800/http://www.onehda.com/Home.php</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"The History of the Concord Grape". Concord Grape Association. Retrieved December 30, 2012. <a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html" target="_blank">http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"The History of the Concord Grape". Concord Grape Association. Retrieved December 30, 2012. <a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html" target="_blank">http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Sawler J, Reisch B, Aradhya MK, Prins B, Zhong GY, et al. (2013). "Genomics Assisted Ancestry Deconvolution in Grape". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e80791. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...880791S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080791. PMC 3823699. PMID 24244717. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3823699" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3823699</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Huber, Franziska; Röckel, Franco; Schwander, Florian; Maul, Erika; Eibach, Rudolf; Cousins, Peter; Töpfer, Reinhard (2016). "A view into American grapevine history: Vitis vinifera cv. 'Sémillon' is an ancestor of 'Catawba' and 'Concord'". Vitis - Journal of Grapevine Research. 55 (2): 53–56. doi:10.5073/vitis.2016.55.53-56. S2CID 87513053. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"The History of the Concord Grape". Concord Grape Association. Retrieved December 30, 2012. <a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html" target="_blank">http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"The History of the Concord Grape". Concord Grape Association. Retrieved December 30, 2012. <a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html" target="_blank">http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"The History of the Concord Grape". Concord Grape Association. Retrieved December 30, 2012. <a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html" target="_blank">http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"The History of the Concord Grape". Concord Grape Association. Retrieved December 30, 2012. <a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html" target="_blank">http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>