Jama Mohamed Ghalib

<h2 id="life-and-career">Life and career</h2>
Ghalib hailed from the <a href="/facts/Eidagale/3w0PR6q4">Eidagale</a> clan of the <a href="/facts/Isaaq/0DQInXGx">Isaaq</a> clan family. He was a major general in the army of the <a href="/facts/Somali_Republic/6zLvvHe9">Somali Republic</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> and was later appointed the Police Commissioner of the <a href="/facts/Somali_Democratic_Republic/7TMVfPkc">Somali Democratic Republic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> Ghalib also held various ministerial and cabinet positions in the government of <a href="/facts/Somalia/3wQYwIdS">Somalia</a>, including Secretary of Interior,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> Minister of Labor and Social Affairs,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> Minister of Local Government and Rural Development,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> Minister of Transportation,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> and <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Interior_(Somalia)/VsGDUcJr">Minister of Interior</a> from 1974 to 1984.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
After his retirement from politics, Jama wrote on Somali history.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> He taught history, political science and public administration at universities in <a href="/facts/Mogadishu/B5DlpNob">Mogadisho</a>, including City University, Mogadisho.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>
During the <a href="/facts/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)/W6nzIYRv">Ethiopian invasion and occupation</a> of Somalia, Jama served as one of the two vice chairman of the <a href="/facts/Alliance_for_the_Re-liberation_of_Somalia/LYM5wJD1">Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia</a>, the principal insurgent political opposition.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
Ghalib died in Djibouti on 26 April 2022, at the age of 89.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>

<h2 id="books">Books</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Somali-Phoenix-Mohamed-Ghalib-2013-01-03/dp/B01A68NMNM/ref=sr_1_3?keywords=Jama+Mohamed+Ghalib&qid=1561251507&s=books&sr=1-3">Somali Phoenix</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Cost-Dictatorship-Somali-Experience/dp/0936508329/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Jama+Mohamed+Ghalib&qid=1561252073&s=books&sr=1-1">The Cost of Dictatorship: The Somali Experience</a></li>
<li>Who is a Terrorist?<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> (First & Second Edition 2002 & 2005, respectively).</li>
<li>Defending History<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> which was published in 2005</li>
<li>Taariikhda Soomaaliya Xog-ogaalnimo in 2020</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
 Media related to Jama ghalib at Wikimedia Commons

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Taarikhda Jama qaalib". 3 April 2021. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-56626441.amp" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-56626441.amp</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook: Supplement. Gale Research Company. 1983. p. 80. ISBN 9780810311206. Retrieved 8 May 2018. <a href="9780810311206" target="_blank">9780810311206</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Markakis, John (2007). "Book review". Review of African Political Economy. 23 (70): 581–583. doi:10.1080/03056249608704233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Central Intelligence Agency, National Foreign Assessment Center (U.S.), Directorate of Intelligence (1976). Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. The Center. p. 60. Retrieved 8 May 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zrqo29EfVYwC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=Zrqo29EfVYwC</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">US Department of State, Office of Media Services, Central Intelligence Agency (1978). Countries of the world and their leaders. Gale Research Co. p. 60. ISBN 978-0810310391. Retrieved 8 May 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="978-0810310391" target="_blank">978-0810310391</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Central Intelligence Agency, National Foreign Assessment Center (U.S.), Directorate of Intelligence (1981). Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. The Center. p. 77. Retrieved 8 May 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hPo8Pv4rFgsC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=hPo8Pv4rFgsC</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook: Supplement. Gale Research Company. 1983. p. 80. ISBN 9780810311206. Retrieved 8 May 2018. <a href="9780810311206" target="_blank">9780810311206</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji; Castagno, Margaret (2003). Historical dictionary of Somalia (New ed.). Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4344-7. <a href="0-8108-4344-7" target="_blank">0-8108-4344-7</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Jama Ghalib". Retrieved 2019-06-23. <a href="http://www.jamaghalib.com/" target="_blank">http://www.jamaghalib.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"College of Humanities & Social Sciences". City University of Mogadishu. Archived from the original on 2022-08-11. Retrieved 2019-07-01. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811082445/http://www.cu.edu.so/college-of-humanities--social-sciences1.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220811082445/http://www.cu.edu.so/college-of-humanities--social-sciences1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Dagne, Ted (31 August 2011). "Somalia: Current Conditions and Prospects for a Lasting Peace" (PDF). www.everycrsreport.com. Retrieved 2023-06-25. <a href="https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20110831_RL33911_800faaedc5cd90946a7d1ca2fd2fb4882c1dafc8.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20110831_RL33911_800faaedc5cd90946a7d1ca2fd2fb4882c1dafc8.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Died In Djibouti". 27 April 2022. <a href="https://www.somalidispatch.com/featured/jama-qalib-the-most-influential-somali-since-independence-dies-in-djibouti/" target="_blank">https://www.somalidispatch.com/featured/jama-qalib-the-most-influential-somali-since-independence-dies-in-djibouti/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Jamac maxamed qaalib". October 2020. <a href="https://www.araweelonews.com/qalinleyda-qoraaladda/gorfayn-buugga-taariikhda-soomaalida-ee-uu-qoray-jaamac-maxamed-qaalib-2020/" target="_blank">https://www.araweelonews.com/qalinleyda-qoraaladda/gorfayn-buugga-taariikhda-soomaalida-ee-uu-qoray-jaamac-maxamed-qaalib-2020/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"Jama Ghalib". Retrieved 2019-06-23. <a href="http://www.jamaghalib.com/" target="_blank">http://www.jamaghalib.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Jama Ghalib". Retrieved 2019-06-23. <a href="http://www.jamaghalib.com/" target="_blank">http://www.jamaghalib.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Jama Mohamed Ghalib open-in-new

Jama Mohamed Ghalib