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Churl
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<h2 id="current-use">Current use</h2> <p>In most <a href="/facts/Germanic_languages/BxAJX3Kf">Germanic languages</a> this word never took on the English meaning of "lowly peasant" and retains its original meaning of "fellow, guy"; cf. <a href="/facts/West_Frisian_language/h7PVP7S6">West Frisian</a>: <i>keardel</i>, archaic <i>tsjerl</i>, <i>tsjirl</i>, <a href="/facts/Dutch_language/yIB5lbsx">Dutch</a>: <i>kerel</i>, <a href="/facts/Low_German_language/BPxhrjlB">Low German</a>: <i>Kerl</i> (also borrowed into <a href="/facts/German_language/oWaQIDA8">German</a>), <a href="/facts/Swedish_language/1DkSIXkH">Swedish</a>: <i>karl</i>, <a href="/facts/Faroese_language/1nf145FG">Faroese</a>: <i>kallur</i> and so on. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Carlin_stone/GpCuArJo">Carlin stone</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ceorl_(disambiguation)/7pGhe3RP">Ceorl (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Churl" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 349–350. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" target="_blank">/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>H. Munro Chadwick, Studies on Anglo-Saxon Institutions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1905), p. 77. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Robert K. Barnhart, ed. (1988). Chambers Dictionary of Etymology. New York: Chambers Harrap Publishers. p. 1204. ISBN 0-550-14230-4. <a href="0-550-14230-4" target="_blank">0-550-14230-4</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>The correct (modern) plural of Kerl being Kerle <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>A.D. Mills. Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-852758-9. <a href="978-0-19-852758-9" target="_blank">978-0-19-852758-9</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>