Forceps

<h2 id="thumb-forceps">Thumb forceps</h2>
<p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Tweezers/9vPbIvvh">Tweezers</a></p>

<p>Thumb forceps, known simply as <i>forceps</i> in <a href="/facts/Surgical_specialties/fG8tWf5Y">surgical specialties</a>, are commonly held in a pen grip between the <a href="/facts/Thumb/vx1ycnbA">thumb</a> and <a href="/facts/Index_finger/y2MjrVLJ">index finger</a> (sometimes also the <a href="/facts/Middle_finger/1Vzzd5hX">middle finger</a>), with the top end resting on the first <a href="/facts/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_hand/Hkt4JhEt">dorsal interosseous muscle</a> at the webspace between the thumb and index finger. Spring tension at the top end holds the grasping ends apart until pressure is applied. This provides an extended <a href="/facts/Pinch_(action)/oKzVwLMV">pinch</a> and allows the user to easily grasp, manipulate and quickly release small objects or delicate tissue with readily variable pressure. Thumb forceps are used to hold tissue still when applying sutures, to gently move tissues out of the way during exploratory surgery and to access confined cavities that are hard to reach with hands and fingers.
</p><p>Thumb forceps can have smooth tips, cross-hatched tips or serrated tips (often called "mouse's teeth"). Common arrangements of teeth are 1×2 (two teeth on one side meshing with a single tooth on the other), 7×7 and 9×9. Serrated forceps are used on tissue; counter-intuitively, teeth will damage tissue less than a smooth surface because one can grasp with less overall pressure. Smooth or cross-hatched forceps are used to move dressings, remove sutures and similar tasks.
</p>
<h2 id="locking-forceps">Locking forceps</h2>
<p>Locking forceps, sometimes called <i>clamps</i>, are used to grasp and firmly hold objects or <a href="/facts/Body_tissue/H7CpML7A">body tissues</a>, or to apply external compression onto tubular structures such as <a href="/facts/Blood_vessel/FG3GjPNW">blood vessels</a> or <a href="/facts/Gastrointestinal_tract/nK2zwqBS">intestines</a>.  When they are specifically used to occlude an <a href="/facts/Artery/Y1Yj0jat">artery</a> to <a href="/facts/Hemostasis/5v9dTBGt">forestall bleeding</a>, they are called <a href="/facts/Hemostat/UG93qeWM">hemostats</a>. Another form of locking forceps is the <a href="/facts/Needle_holder/AW554AJP">needle holder</a>, used to guide a <a href="/facts/Suturing_needle/Pk3D50by">suturing needle</a> through tissue. Many locking forceps use finger rings/loops to facilitate handling (see illustration, below, of Kelly forceps). The finger loops are usually grasped by the <a href="/facts/Thumb/vx1ycnbA">thumb</a> and <a href="/facts/Middle_finger/1Vzzd5hX">middle</a> or (more often) <a href="/facts/Ring_finger/DY1PehDn">ring finger</a>, while the <a href="/facts/Index_finger/y2MjrVLJ">index finger</a> is placed on the pivot to help stabilize and guide the instrument.
</p><p>The most common locking mechanism is a handle <a href="/facts/Ratchet_(device)/aCNyaXw5">ratchet</a>, which consists of an asymmetrically serrated short protrusion near the finger loop of one of the handles, and a corresponding hook on the other. As the forceps are closed, the opposing teeth engage and interlock, keeping the handles adducted and the jaw surfaces clamped constantly. To unlock, a simple shearing push by the fingers is all that is needed to disengage the teeth and allow the grasping ends to move apart.
</p>
<h3>Kelly forceps</h3>

<p>Kelly forceps are a type of <a href="/facts/Hemostat/UG93qeWM">hemostat</a> usually made of stainless steel. They resemble a pair of <a href="/facts/Scissor/tB6JL0Up">scissors</a> with the blade replaced by a blunted grip. They also feature a locking mechanism to allow them to act as clamps.
Kelly forceps may be floor-grade (regular use) and as such not used for <a href="/facts/Surgery/fG8tWf5Y">surgery</a>. They may also be sterilized and used in operations, in both human and <a href="/facts/Veterinary/KYNaodgl">veterinary</a> medicine. They may be either curved or straight. In surgery, they may be used for occluding <a href="/facts/Blood_vessel/FG3GjPNW">blood vessels</a>, manipulating tissues, or for assorted other purposes.
They are named for <a href="/facts/Howard_Atwood_Kelly/TPdYoWPK">Howard Atwood Kelly</a>, M.D., first professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the <a href="/facts/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine/Mh6EHzKP">Johns Hopkins School of Medicine</a>.
The "mosquito" variant of the tool is more delicate and has smaller, finer tips. Other varieties with similar, if more specialized, uses are Allis clamps, Babcocks, Kochers, Carmalts, and tonsils; all but the last bear the names of the surgeons who designed them.
</p>
<h3>Other medical forceps</h3>

<p>Other types of forceps include:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Hartmann_alligator_forceps/I5fNgp8y">Alligator forceps</a></li>
<li>Anesthesia forceps, often with smooth jaw surface for clamping <a href="/facts/Tube_(fluid_conveyance)/xNBl1NWJ">tubes</a> such as a <a href="/facts/Double-lumen_tube/5kw0TNxc">double-lumen tube</a></li>
<li>Artery forceps, also known as a <a href="/facts/Hemostat/UG93qeWM">hemostat</a></li>
<li>Atraumatic forceps, Debaker forceps</li>
<li>Biopsy forceps</li>
<li>Bone-cutting forceps</li>
<li>Bone-reduction forceps</li>
<li>Bone-holding forceps</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bulldog_forceps/u35wLJc6">Bulldog forceps</a></li>
<li>Catheter forceps</li>
<li>Cilia forceps</li>
<li>Curettes forceps</li>
<li>Debaker forceps</li>
<li>Dermal forceps & nippers</li>
<li>Dressing forceps</li>
<li>Ear forceps</li>
<li>Eye forceps</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Foerster_clamp/EG60RaD2">Foerster clamp</a></li>
<li>Gallbladder forceps</li>
<li>Gerald forceps</li>
<li>Harvey forceps</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Hemostat/UG93qeWM">Hemostatic forceps</a></li>
<li>Hysterectomy forceps</li>
<li>Intestinal forceps</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Magill_forceps/EGfQQlL8">Magill forceps</a></li>
<li>Microsurgery forceps</li>
<li>Nasal forceps</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Needle_holder/AW554AJP">Needle holder</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Obstetrical_forceps/pEkpxTH9">Obstetrical forceps</a></li>
<li>Postmortem forceps</li>
<li>Splinter forceps</li>
<li>Sponge forceps</li>
<li>Spreading forceps</li>
<li>Sterilizer forceps</li>
<li>Suture sundries forceps</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Tenaculum/MoGQAVs8">Tenaculum</a> forceps</li>
<li>Thoracic forceps</li>
<li>Thoracic surgical forceps</li>
<li>Thumb forceps</li>
<li>Tissue forceps</li>
<li>Tongue forceps</li>
<li>Tooth extracting forceps</li>
<li>Tubing forceps</li>
<li>Uterine forceps</li>
<li>Vulsellum forceps - used to grasp <a href="/facts/Cervix/qw3gl8Pq">cervical</a> lips to visualize the cervix.</li></ul>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Forceps.

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"forceps". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 2018-08-30. <a href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forceps" target="_blank">https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forceps</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>"forceps". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2018-08-30. <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/forceps" target="_blank">https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/forceps</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>"forceps". Cambridge English Dictionary. Retrieved 2018-08-30. <a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/forceps?a=british." target="_blank">https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/forceps?a=british.</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>"forceps - Definition of forceps in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries - English. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-30. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043740/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/forceps" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043740/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/forceps</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>"forceps". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 2018-08-30. <a href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forceps" target="_blank">https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forceps</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>"forceps". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2018-08-30. <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/forceps" target="_blank">https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/forceps</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>"forceps". Cambridge English Dictionary. Retrieved 2018-08-30. <a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/forceps?a=british." target="_blank">https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/forceps?a=british.</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>"forceps - Definition of forceps in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries - English. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-30. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043740/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/forceps" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043740/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/forceps</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>Scientific American inventions and discoveries By Rodney P. Carlisle. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Forceps open-in-new

Forceps