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Stacking window manager
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/History_of_the_graphical_user_interface/K2NXGuGh">History of the graphical user interface</a></p> <ul><li>1970s: The <a href="/facts/Xerox_Alto/6pjFTD0A">Xerox Alto</a> which contained the first working commercial <a href="/facts/GUI/wBlQFWDP">GUI</a> used a stacking window manager.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li>Early 1980s: The <a href="/facts/Xerox_Star/MT15wQq1">Xerox Star</a>, successor to the Alto, used <a href="/facts/Tiling_window_manager/mJgYbl73">tiling</a> for most main application windows, and used overlapping only for dialogue windows removing the need for full stacking.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Classic_Mac_OS/I5fQq44K">Classic Mac OS</a> was one of the earliest commercially successful examples of a <a href="/facts/GUI/wBlQFWDP">GUI</a> which used stacking windows.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Graphics_Environment_Manager/oE8BpWAq">GEM</a> predated Microsoft Windows and used stacking, allowing all windows to overlap.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Amiga_OS/1E2k1fuN">Amiga OS</a> contains an early example of a highly advanced stacking window manager.</li></ul> <h2 id="microsoft-windows">Microsoft Windows</h2> <p>Microsoft <a href="/facts/Windows_1.0/SfHQ6bIE">Windows 1.0</a> displayed windows using a <a href="/facts/Tiling_window_manager/mJgYbl73">tiling window manager</a>. In <a href="/facts/Windows_2.0/KceDrznJ">Windows 2.0</a>, it was replaced with a stacking window manager, which allowed windows to overlap. Microsoft kept the stacking window manager up through <a href="/facts/Windows_XP/IozrkAYS">Windows XP</a>, which presented severe limitations to its ability to display 3D-accelerated content inside normal windows. Although it was technically possible to produce some visual effects using third-party software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> From <a href="/facts/Windows_Vista/IASEUCTB">Windows Vista</a> onward, a new <a href="/facts/Compositing_window_manager/Kw5aw1Wc">compositing window manager</a> is the default on compatible systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="x-window-system">X Window System</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/X_window_manager/jccjahgG">X window manager</a></p> <p>Many windows managers under the <a href="/facts/X_Window_System/ac2vRIQL">X Window System</a> provide stacking window functionality: </p> <ul><li>2bwm</li> <li><a href="/facts/4Dwm/pthcTbYb">4Dwm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/AfterStep/7l3nvKqz">AfterStep</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Amiwm/RV2hpseI">amiwm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Awesome_(window_manager)/RfncUeGh">awesome</a></li> <li>berry</li> <li><a href="/facts/Blackbox/j2m9znVs">Blackbox</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ctwm/W6ly2gpX">ctwm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cwm_(window_manager)/nP6JT7JT">cwm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Dwm/dqE8jmYr">dwm</a></li> <li>qpwm</li> <li>eggwm</li> <li><a href="/facts/Enlightenment_(window_manager)/MGEattNf">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fluxbox/wSb6HjYx">Fluxbox</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/FLWM/88CEIl0g">FLWM</a></li> <li>FrankenWM</li> <li><a href="/facts/FVWM/7fPfUCfa">FVWM</a></li> <li>FVWM95</li> <li>Goomwwm</li> <li>Hackedbox</li> <li><a href="/facts/IceWM/RlBxGhUm">IceWM</a></li> <li>Iwm</li> <li>jbwm</li> <li>JWM</li> <li>Karmen</li> <li><a href="/facts/KWin/Pkqdt6G8">KWin</a> (with compositing turned off)</li> <li><a href="/facts/MLVWM/urLGtrPH">MLVWM</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Motif_Window_Manager/Yp4co91v">MWM</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mutter_(software)/tJDFAYM3">Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Muffin_(software)/tJDFAYM3">Muffin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Olwm/tHsk4GNn">olwm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Openbox/mPQgAzDC">Openbox</a></li> <li>pawm</li> <li>PLWM</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sawfish_(window_manager)/Mg0MhvFD">Sawfish</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Scwm/o3gd18Mm">Scwm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Swm/WCF12bEf">swm</a></li> <li>TinyWM</li> <li><a href="/facts/Tvtwm/al7w286t">tvtwm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Twm/e0S6lKHV">twm</a></li> <li>vwm</li> <li><a href="/facts/Vtwm/RRI4PySj">vtwm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Window_Maker/GffqdC1y">Window Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/WindowLab/TTrtm9Gd">WindowLab</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Wm2/9ol5oxlk">wm2</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Wmx/9ol5oxlk">wmx</a></li></ul> <h2 id="hybrid-window-managers">Hybrid window managers</h2> <p>Some window managers may be able to treat the foreground window in an entirely different way, by rendering it indirectly, and sending its output to the video card to be added to the outgoing <a href="/facts/Raster_graphics/HkXNc8oI">raster</a>. While this technique may be possible to accomplish within some stacking window managers, it is technically <a href="/facts/Compositing/xGdHadIj">compositing</a>, with the foreground window and the screen raster being treated the same way two windows would be in a <a href="/facts/Compositing_window_manager/Kw5aw1Wc">compositing window manager</a>. </p><p>Interacting with objects outside the original area of the foreground window might also be impossible, since the window manager would not be able to determine what the user is seeing, and would pass such mouse clicks to whatever programs occupied those areas of the screen during the last stacking event. </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://toastytech.com/guis/">Graphical User Interface Gallery</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"How-to: Picking a Window Manager in Linux". Engadget. 30 October 2012. <a href="https://www.engadget.com/2012/10/30/how-to-picking-a-window-manager-linux/" target="_blank">https://www.engadget.com/2012/10/30/how-to-picking-a-window-manager-linux/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Lineback, Nathan. "The Xerox Alto". toastytech.com. <a href="http://toastytech.com/guis/alto3.html" target="_blank">http://toastytech.com/guis/alto3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Lineback, Nathan. "The Xerox Star". toastytech.com. <a href="http://toastytech.com/guis/star.html" target="_blank">http://toastytech.com/guis/star.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"TweakGuides.com - Nvidia GeForce Tweak Guide". www.tweakguides.com. Archived from the original on 2019-08-22. Retrieved 2019-06-25. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822172445/https://www.tweakguides.com/NVFORCE_8.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190822172445/https://www.tweakguides.com/NVFORCE_8.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Desktop Window Manager - Windows applications". docs.microsoft.com. 23 August 2019. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/dwm/dwm-overview" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/dwm/dwm-overview</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>