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Gromov Flight Research Institute
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Foundation</h3> <p>The Flight Research Institute was founded on March 8, 1941, in accordance with the decree of <a href="/facts/Sovnarkom/Q8PRdFB6">Sovnarkom</a> and the Central Committee of the <a href="/facts/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union/1PFHfjJE">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>. <a href="/facts/Mikhail_Gromov_(aviator)/Dsa3T5Rw">Mikhail Gromov</a>, a <a href="/facts/Test_pilot/4zyLIYdj">test pilot</a>, <a href="/facts/Hero_of_the_Soviet_Union/sRwYkvmC">Hero of the Soviet Union</a>, became its first chief. From the very beginning the institute participated in development and testing of aircraft and airborne systems, conducted flight research in order to pave the way to further scientific activities. </p><p>The first years of the institute's existence fell on the <a href="/facts/Great_Patriotic_War/W05zyTMj">war times</a>. During the war experts of the institute kept developing recommendations to eliminate defects in flight qualities and war-fighting capabilities of the aircraft, flight testing of the aircraft prototypes, studied the foreign aircraft and equipment, both purchased and taken as trophies. </p> <h3>Cold War</h3> <p>Zhukovsky airfield was the Soviet Union's equivalent to the US Edwards AFB and as such many types of aircraft underwent evaluation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>Here some western aircraft were tested or analyzed: </p> <ul><li>Wrecks from F-111s shot down over North Vietnam were sent to Zhukovskiy to be analyzed.</li> <li>Pieces of US planes shot down in North Vietnam and their captured electronic countermeasures equipment were taken for evaluation (F-111, A-6, A-7, B-52, F-4, F105, etc.).</li> <li>Captured VNAF helicopters are believed to have been tested (UH-1H, CH-47).</li></ul> <h3>Perestroika times</h3> <p>In 2001 GFRI had a staff of about 5000 then headed by Vyacheslav M. Bakaev. Number of research flying test-beds was about 70 complemented with 20 multipurpose test stands and simulators. The institute also supported <a href="/facts/Fedotov_Test_Pilot_School/jXSM4Kpd">Fedotov Test Pilot School</a>. Newly built by AMST of Austria centrifuge then was one of the advanced in the world having a gondola with a 3D visual projection system and formed the core of GFRI's aerospace medical research complex. As said Vilgelm I. Vid (GFRI deputy chief for civil aviation) the institute pioneered a civil <a href="/facts/Aircraft_upset/rnBEDbtp">aircraft upset</a> recovery system to decrease a number of <a href="/facts/CFIT/TnKAYfRc">CFIT</a> accidents originated in aeroplane upsets. However, Bakaev said GFRI was passing through economic difficulties as most Russian aeronautical facilities. The institute was downsized by about 30% since 1996, and most of the test aircraft were underutilized.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>Due to financial problems in the 1990s (known as <a href="/facts/Perestroika/KvdmEalx">perestroika</a> times), tourist fighter flights in former secret jets became available, mainly for wealthy western tourists. The security check was comparable to the Russian visa. On offer for flights was the <a href="/facts/Aero_L-39_Albatros/8tRAq6SG">Aero L-39 Albatros</a> jet trainer, the Soviet-built <a href="/facts/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21/AJT2EjY5">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>, <a href="/facts/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23/oaAqNSBd">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23</a>, <a href="/facts/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-25/fcyWx2Ab">MiG-25</a> for stratosphere "Edge of Space" flights, the <a href="/facts/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-29/3XfCqsJU">MiG-29</a> Fulcrum and even the <a href="/facts/Sukhoi_Su-27/Cv9mDD6T">Sukhoi Su-27</a> Flanker.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> From June 2006, such flights were stopped.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>The airline was established by the institute in 1995 as a wholly owned commercial subsidiary and named Gromov Air (later <a href="/facts/Moskovia_Airlines/MeEthhN2">Moskovia Airlines</a>). </p> <h2 id="current-research-and-development-activities">Current research and development activities</h2> <ul><li>Aerospace flight research and testing in low and high speed aerodynamics, flight dynamics, propulsion and avionics technologies (<a href="/facts/GLL-8_(Gll-VK)_Igla/SJGv8KnS">GLL-8 (Gll-VK) Igla</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>Testing and certification services for prototype aircraft and on-board equipment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>Research in aircraft flight safety, reliability, maintainability and other operating capabilities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fedotov_Test_Pilot_School/jXSM4Kpd">Fedotov Test Pilot School</a> for training test pilots, navigators, and on-board test engineers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li>Development, production and operation of a variety of <a href="/facts/Testbed_aircraft/mQALfj4e">flying testbeds</a> including those based on the <a href="/facts/Tu-154/9Meqj5vB">Tu-154</a>, <a href="/facts/Su-30/xvxCj0Bk">Su-30</a>, <a href="/facts/Il-76/qcXnkgnI">Il-76</a>, <a href="/facts/Il-103/pMCoMxQs">Il-103</a> aeroplanes, <a href="/facts/Mi-8/LmhRy60L">Mi-8</a> helicopters, etc.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li>Development and production of flight testing instrumentation (low and high frequency data collection solid state storage systems, vibration parameters measuring devices, instant temperature sensors, miniaturized flat piezoresistance beat and pressure distribution sensors, hot-wire airflow velocity vector transducers and aerodynamic friction stress measurement products, etc.).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="testbed-aeroplanes">Testbed aeroplanes</h2> <h2 id="notable-employees">Notable employees</h2> <h3>Heads of the institute</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Mikhail_Gromov_(military)/Dsa3T5Rw">Mikhail Gromov</a> (March – August 1941)</li> <li>Alexandr Chesalov [ru] (1941–1942 and 1943–1947)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Vasily_Molokov/JozGHarc">Vasily Molokov</a> (1942–1943)</li> <li>Ivan Petrov [ru] (1947–1951)</li> <li>Alexandr Kobzarev (1951–1954)</li> <li>Nickolay Stroev [ru] (1954–1966)</li> <li>Victor Utkin [ru] (1966–1981)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Arseny_Mironov/yKRQWWbn">Arseny Mironov</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li>Konstantin Vasilchenko [ru] (1985–1995)</li> <li>Felix Zolotariev (1995–1998)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>Viacheslav Bakaev (1998–2004)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li>Yury Klishin (2005–2006)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li>Vadim Shalygin (2006–2007)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li>Evgeny Gorbunov (2007–2009)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pavel_Vlasov/TbnvtIbT">Pavel Vlasov</a> (2010–2017)</li> <li>Evgeny Pushkarsky [ru] (since 2017)</li></ul> <h3>Scientists, test pilots, navigators, and engineers</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Sergei_Anokhin_(test_pilot)/mw4bVbUd">Sergei Anokhin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Yuri_Garnaev/gu62RDJe">Yuri Garnaev</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Anatoly_Kvochur/zyuHWAKJ">Anatoly Kvochur</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Heroes_of_the_Russian_Federation_(K)/vs1l6w0D">Viktor Korostiev</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Anatoly_Levchenko/qWttNMfz">Anatoly Levchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Heroes_of_the_Russian_Federation_(L)/lnBxDShQ">Leonid Lobas</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Guy_Severin/MsxPxXo0">Guy Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rimantas_Stankevi%C4%8Dius/z4CHtsTs">Rimantas Stankevičius</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Amet-khan_Sultan/C1wASz6V">Amet-khan Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection/a0L3H7yG">Ural Sultanov</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Max_Taitz/tQ55MxuT">Max Taitz</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Igor_Volk/2h4a2F8x">Igor Volk</a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Armstrong_Flight_Research_Center/g5XxJ6RV">Armstrong Flight Research Center</a> – the USA counterpart of the Gromov Flight Research Institute</li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_aerospace_flight_test_centres/DUzfMlEp">List of aerospace flight test centres</a></li></ul> <ul> <li>Soviet Union portal</li><li>Russia portal</li><li>Aviation portal</li><li>Science portal</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.liicom.ru/about.phtml">"General info on the old and frozen GFRI site"</a>. Gromov Flight Research Institute. Retrieved January 6, 2018.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510072417/http://www.aviasalon.com/en/">"Aviasalon (MAKS) Homepage"</a>. JSC Aviasalon. Archived from <a href="http://www.aviasalon.com/en/">the original</a> on May 10, 2007. Retrieved January 6, 2018.</li> <li><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=55.558205,38.146505&spn=0.059052,0.085316&t=k&hl=en">GFRI airfield at Google Maps</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vcTknwEy_E">Historical video to celebrate 80 years of Gromov Flight Research Institute (in Russian)</a></li></ul> <p><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gromov_Flight_Research_Institute¶ms=55_33_29.54_N_38_8_47.42_E_type:airport">55°33′29.54″N 38°8′47.42″E / 55.5582056°N 38.1465056°E / 55.5582056; 38.1465056</a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Western Aircraft in the USSR". July 30, 2013. <a href="https://thelexicans.wordpress.com/2013/07/30/western-aircraft-in-the-ussr/" target="_blank">https://thelexicans.wordpress.com/2013/07/30/western-aircraft-in-the-ussr/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Covault, Craig (April 30, 2001). "Russian Gromov Center Adds Centrifuge, Seek Partners". Aviation Week and Space Technology. 154 (18): 78–79. ISSN 0005-2175. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Sukhoi Su-27 Flight, Zhukovsky Airbase <a href="http://www.migflug.com" target="_blank">http://www.migflug.com</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Vyazma Rus Display Team Archived February 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.vyazmarus.com" target="_blank">http://www.vyazmarus.com</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Company Overview of Public Joint-Stock Company "Gromov Flight Research Institute"". www.bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 25, 2017. <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=208508932" target="_blank">https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=208508932</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Gromov Flight Research Institute". www.istc.int/ru. International Science and Technology Center. Retrieved December 25, 2017. <a href="http://www.istc.int/ru/institute/8408" target="_blank">http://www.istc.int/ru/institute/8408</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hamel, Peter G., ed. (2017). In-flight simulators and fly-by-wire/light demonstrators : a historical account of international aeronautical research. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 345. ISBN 9783319539973. <a href="9783319539973" target="_blank">9783319539973</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Gromov Flight Research Institute". www.istc.int/ru. International Science and Technology Center. Retrieved December 25, 2017. <a href="http://www.istc.int/ru/institute/8408" target="_blank">http://www.istc.int/ru/institute/8408</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Деркач, Олег; Петров, Андрей; Полтавец, Владимир; и др. (2012). Эксплуатационно-технические характеристики и обеспечение эксплуатации авиационной техники [Aircraft Operating Capabilities and Operations Support] (in Russian). Москва: ООО "Широкий взгляд". p. 140. ISBN 978-5-904465-03-2. <a href="978-5-904465-03-2" target="_blank">978-5-904465-03-2</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Знаменская, Наталья, ed. (2002). ШЛИ со временем [ShLI in Time] (in Russian) (2 ed.). Жуковский: ООО "Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести". p. 400. <a href="https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#yf=2002&yt=2002&q=%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC" target="_blank">https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#yf=2002&yt=2002&q=%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Gromov Flight Research Institute". www.istc.int/ru. International Science and Technology Center. Retrieved December 25, 2017. <a href="http://www.istc.int/ru/institute/8408" target="_blank">http://www.istc.int/ru/institute/8408</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Hamel, Peter G., ed. (2017). In-flight simulators and fly-by-wire/light demonstrators : a historical account of international aeronautical research. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 345. ISBN 9783319539973. <a href="9783319539973" target="_blank">9783319539973</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Company Overview of Public Joint-Stock Company "Gromov Flight Research Institute"". www.bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 25, 2017. <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=208508932" target="_blank">https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=208508932</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды (in Russian). www.zhukvesti.ru. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018. <a href="ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды" target="_blank">ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды (in Russian). www.zhukvesti.ru. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018. <a href="ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды" target="_blank">ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды (in Russian). www.zhukvesti.ru. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018. <a href="ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды" target="_blank">ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды (in Russian). www.zhukvesti.ru. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018. <a href="ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды" target="_blank">ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Генеральный директор Союза авиапроизводителей России – Горбунов Евгений Алексеевич (in Russian). www.aviationunion.ru. Retrieved January 13, 2018. <a href="Генеральный директор Союза авиапроизводителей России – Горбунов Евгений Алексеевич" target="_blank">Генеральный директор Союза авиапроизводителей России – Горбунов Евгений Алексеевич</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>