Ticino

<h2 id="etymology">Etymology</h2>
The name Ticino was chosen for the newly established canton in 1803, after the river <a href="/facts/Ticino_(river)/CE7aty2s">Ticino</a> which flows through it from the <a href="/facts/Nufenen_Pass/h8HrYKM1">Novena Pass</a> to <a href="/facts/Lake_Maggiore/oCH7VB3B">Lake Maggiore</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>
Known as Ticinus in Roman times, the river appears on the <a href="/facts/Tabula_Peutingeriana/NjysbrpW">Tabula Peutingeriana</a> as Ticenum. <a href="/facts/Johann_Kaspar_Zeuss/pP5uRcgo">Johann Kaspar Zeuss</a> attributed Celtic origins to the name, tracing it to the Celtic tek, itself from an Indo-European root tak, meaning "melting, flowing".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>
The official name of the canton is Republic and Canton of Ticino (<a href="/facts/Italian_language/YXsmvlQG">Italian</a>: Repubblica e Cantone Ticino), and the two-letter code is TI. It is one of the four cantons of Switzerland officially referred to as "republics", along with <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Geneva/zPCUL8HH">Geneva</a>, <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Neuch%25C3%25A2tel/nkfQblBD">Neuchâtel</a> and <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Jura/3Np18TVx">Jura</a>.

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
Further information: <a href="/facts/Transalpine_campaigns_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy/zyudb5FG">Transalpine campaigns of the Old Swiss Confederacy</a>

During the <a href="/facts/Bronze_Age/c09qWcTt">Bronze</a> and <a href="/facts/Iron_Age/mpQYShI0">Iron Ages</a>, the area of what is today Ticino was settled by the <a href="/facts/Lepontii/IMYg40Td">Lepontii</a>, a <a href="/facts/Celt/eMCVYAFz">Celtic</a> tribe. Later, probably around the rule of <a href="/facts/Augustus/RGfMCR2V">Augustus</a>, it became part of the <a href="/facts/Roman_Empire/l4E1aUuV">Roman Empire</a>. After the fall of the Western Empire, it was ruled by the <a href="/facts/Ostrogoths/TNIcLIN5">Ostrogoths</a>, the <a href="/facts/Lombards/C4r74rGL">Lombards</a> and the <a href="/facts/Franks/RHyCqfkd">Franks</a>. Around 1100 it was the centre of a struggle between the free communes of <a href="/facts/Milan/0xrtbPdt">Milan</a> and <a href="/facts/Como/d5QHB9vT">Como</a>: in the 14th century, it was acquired by the <a href="/facts/Visconti_of_Milan/awxAdGaQ">Visconti</a>, Dukes of <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Milan/GBIKAYF3">Milan</a>. In the fifteenth century, the <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Swiss</a> Confederates conquered the valleys south of the Alps in three separate conquests.
Between 1403 and 1422 some of these lands were already annexed by forces from the <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Uri/Hjbalhww">canton of Uri</a>, but subsequently lost. Uri conquered the <a href="/facts/Valle_Leventina/K0rGEbx5">Leventina Valley</a> in 1440.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> In a second conquest Uri, <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Schwyz/7g1XTRUb">Schwyz</a> and <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Nidwalden/4cQ8rbP2">Nidwalden</a> gained the town of <a href="/facts/Bellinzona/YDB1julN">Bellinzona</a> and the Riviera in 1500.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> Some of the land and Bellinzona itself were previously annexed by <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Uri/Hjbalhww">Uri</a> in 1419 but lost again in 1422. The third conquest was fought by troops from the entire Confederation (at that time constituted by 12 cantons). In 1512 <a href="/facts/Locarno/0EsMDnXs">Locarno</a>, the <a href="/facts/Maggia_Valley/r2jwPKDa">Maggia Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Lugano/Y1zln3Y9">Lugano</a> and <a href="/facts/Mendrisio/AY3GA0Y9">Mendrisio</a> were annexed. Subsequently, the upper valley of the river <a href="/facts/Ticino_(river)/CE7aty2s">Ticino</a>, from the <a href="/facts/Saint-Gotthard_Massif/wdllhhek">St. Gotthard</a> to the town of Biasca (<a href="/facts/Valle_Leventina/K0rGEbx5">Leventina Valley</a>) was part of Uri. The remaining territory (Baliaggi Ultramontani, Ennetbergische Vogteien, the Bailiwicks Beyond the Mountains) was administered by the Twelve Cantons. These districts were governed by bailiffs holding office for two years and purchasing it from the members of the League.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

The lands of the canton of Ticino are the last lands to be conquered by the <a href="/facts/Old_Swiss_Confederation/0j0hp0V1">Swiss Confederation</a>. The Confederation gave up any further conquests after their defeat at the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Marignano/LseaQnsk">battle of Marignano</a> in 1515 by <a href="/facts/Francis_I_of_France/US9aL69h">Francis I of France</a>. The Valle Leventina revolted unsuccessfully against <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Uri/Hjbalhww">Uri</a> in 1755.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> In February 1798 an attempt of annexation by the <a href="/facts/Cisalpine_Republic/URLVmdE5">Cisalpine Republic</a> was repelled by a volunteer militia in Lugano. Between 1798 and 1803, during the <a href="/facts/Helvetic_Republic/8GJR7yze">Helvetic Republic</a>, two cantons were created (<a href="/facts/Canton_of_Bellinzona/CbPdYM2s">Bellinzona</a> and <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Lugano/kL4VYF4H">Lugano</a>) but in 1803 the two were unified to form the canton of Ticino that joined the Swiss Confederation as a full member in the same year under the <a href="/facts/Act_of_Mediation/Mw4PxXbe">Act of Mediation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> During the <a href="/facts/Napoleonic_War/jo0MdaTD">Napoleonic Wars</a>, many Ticinesi (as was the case for other <a href="/facts/Swiss_people/3ecWX2K6">Swiss</a>) served in Swiss military units allied with the <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">French</a>. The canton minted its own <a href="/facts/Currency/g5GPGfTe">currency</a>, the <a href="/facts/Ticinese_franco/FUqRXBEk">Ticinese franco</a>, between 1813 and 1850, when it began the use of the <a href="/facts/Swiss_franc/W7XSc3UQ">Swiss franc</a>.
As a particularly poor region, Ticino was a land of emigration. Notable examples include the chocolatiers (cioccolatieri) of the <a href="/facts/Val_Blenio/xXRKHYAw">Val Blenio</a>, who migrated throughout Europe (see <a href="/facts/Swiss_chocolate/S3Usg9xl">Swiss chocolate#History</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>
Until 1878 the three largest cities, Bellinzona, Lugano and Locarno, alternated as capital of the canton. In 1878, however, Bellinzona became the only and permanent capital. The 1870–1891 period saw a surge of political turbulence in Ticino, and the authorities needed the assistance of the federal government to restore order in several instances, in 1870, 1876, 1889 and 1890–1891.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
The current cantonal constitution dates from 1997. The previous constitution, heavily modified, was codified in 1830, nearly 20 years before the constitution of the <a href="/facts/Swiss_Confederation/LcGuxeTe">Swiss Confederation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>

<h2 id="geography">Geography</h2>
See also: <a href="/facts/Geography_of_Switzerland/vX0BXwSX">Geography of Switzerland</a>

Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. With a few exceptions in the extreme north and south of the canton, it lies entirely in the <a href="/facts/Ticino_(river)/CE7aty2s">Ticino</a> basin, a tributary of the <a href="/facts/Po_(river)/jtwDSkgw">Po</a>. Along with <a href="/facts/Valais/q0A9bsP5">Valais</a> and the <a href="/facts/Grisons/MngHSID3">Grisons</a>, it is one of the three cantons whose territory extends into the Po basin (lands to the south of the <a href="/facts/Alps/Q3zdQId4">Alps</a>). However, unlike the other Po basin cantons (and all other cantons), all settlements of Ticino are on the south side of the Alps, therefore separated from the <a href="/facts/Swiss_Plateau/1hlg4chY">Swiss Plateau</a> (and most of the country) by the great Alpine barrier. The canton also comprehends some small areas in the <a href="/facts/Rhine/MgJ88oaz">Rhine</a> basin in the north, at the <a href="/facts/Gotthard_Pass/dmXV7oDs">Gotthard Pass</a> and around <a href="/facts/Lai_da_Sontga_Maria/GWAV39Q1">lake of Santa Maria</a>. The extreme south of the canton is drained by the Po as well, but through the <a href="/facts/Breggia_(river)/ApRVjyj6">Breggia</a> and <a href="/facts/Adda_(river)/q11xX0Lr">Adda</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> and Gaggiolo, <a href="/facts/Olona/kw8PsfaA">Olona</a>, <a href="/facts/Lambro/UTKqWRF9">Lambro</a>.
The canton is traditionally (but not administratively) split into two regions. The northern region, the <a href="/facts/Sopraceneri/fGuqTYSu">Sopraceneri</a>, is formed by the valleys around <a href="/facts/Lake_Maggiore/oCH7VB3B">Lake Maggiore</a> and includes the highest mountains of the canton and the main <a href="/facts/Main_chain_of_the_Alps/U99prazo">Alpine watershed</a>. The southern region, the <a href="/facts/Sottoceneri/NKJJDPKa">Sottoceneri</a>, is the region around <a href="/facts/Lake_Lugano/F80u2HTe">Lake Lugano</a>, and marks the beginning of the southern Alpine foothills. Between the two regions is <a href="/facts/Monte_Ceneri/FokhD7Sd">Monte Ceneri</a>, a moderately elevated mountain pass and important north–south axis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> The Sopraceneri is constituted by the districts of <a href="/facts/Bellinzona_(district)/cs05qhUo">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/facts/Blenio_(district)/mkcD7lor">Blenio</a>, <a href="/facts/Leventina/K0rGEbx5">Leventina</a>, <a href="/facts/Locarno_(district)/LvKpkvbW">Locarno</a>, <a href="/facts/Riviera_(district)/TfePztXB">Riviera</a> and <a href="/facts/Vallemaggia_(district)/yDvMp62U">Vallemaggia</a>, and makes up about 85% of the territory and 43% of the population.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> The Sottoceneri is constituted by the districts of <a href="/facts/Lugano_(district)/TyjHW2pJ">Lugano</a> and <a href="/facts/Mendrisio_(district)/VCANHtoX">Mendrisio</a>, and makes up about 15% of the territory and 57% of the population.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> While <a href="/facts/Lugano/Y1zln3Y9">Lugano</a>, the largest city, is in the densely populated Sottoceneri, the two other main cities, <a href="/facts/Bellinzona/YDB1julN">Bellinzona</a> and <a href="/facts/Locarno/0EsMDnXs">Locarno</a>, are in the Sopraceneri.
The Ticino, which gives its name to the canton, is the largest river of Ticino. It flows from the northwest through the Bedretto Valley and the <a href="/facts/Leventina_Valley/K0rGEbx5">Leventina Valley</a> to enter Lake Maggiore near <a href="/facts/Locarno/0EsMDnXs">Locarno</a>. Its main tributaries are the <a href="/facts/Brenno_(river)/wU8qlaSY">Brenno</a> in the <a href="/facts/Blenio_Valley/xjFgc6oc">Blenio Valley</a> and the <a href="/facts/Moesa_(river)/MJN7Mx5t">Moesa</a> in the <a href="/facts/Mesolcina_Valley/la90sUbR">Mesolcina Valley</a> in the <a href="/facts/Grisons/MngHSID3">Grisons</a>. The lands of most of the canton are shaped by the river, which in its mid portion forms a wide valley, commonly known as the Riviera. The western lands of the canton, however, are drained by the <a href="/facts/Maggia_(river)/rL6GQyYb">Maggia</a>. The <a href="/facts/Verzasca_Valley/D2ak96I7">Verzasca Valley</a> is between the Leventina Valley and the Maggia Valley. There is also a smaller area that drains directly into the <a href="/facts/Lake_Lugano/F80u2HTe">Lake Lugano</a>. Most of the land is considered within the Alps, but a small area is part of the plain of the Po which drains the north of <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a>.

Although it includes the lowest point of Switzerland (Lake Maggiore) as well as its lowest town (<a href="/facts/Ascona/pxm1nRbL">Ascona</a>), the topography of Ticino is extremely rugged, as it is the canton with the <a href="/facts/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation/pRBLzHPa">fourth largest elevation difference</a>. It lies essentially within the Alps, in particular the <a href="/facts/Lepontine_Alps/VkbHrYRY">Lepontine Alps</a>, the <a href="/facts/Saint-Gotthard_Massif/wdllhhek">Saint-Gotthard Massif</a> and the <a href="/facts/Lugano_Prealps/zXDPFE51">Lugano Prealps</a>. The longest and deepest valleys are those of the Ticino, Verzasca and Maggia. The two highest mountains are the <a href="/facts/Rheinwaldhorn/oW2C56k6">Rheinwaldhorn</a> and the <a href="/facts/Bas%25C3%25B2dino/wo2qCl7l">Basòdino</a>. Other notable mountains are <a href="/facts/Pizzo_Rotondo/DgwrGNer">Pizzo Rotondo</a> (highest of the Gotthard Massif), <a href="/facts/Pizzo_Campo_Tencia/RHxMnPfQ">Pizzo Campo Tencia</a> (highest fully within the canton), <a href="/facts/Monte_Generoso/t60na1nC">Monte Generoso</a> (highest south of Lake Lugano) and <a href="/facts/Monte_Tamaro/5vH0Gx2U">Monte Tamaro</a> (most prominent of the canton). For an exhaustive list, see <a href="/facts/List_of_mountains_of_Ticino/cNHSbklY">list of mountains of Ticino</a>.
The area of the canton is 2,812 square kilometres (1,086 sq mi), of which about three-quarters are considered productive to trees or crops.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> Forests cover about a third of the area, but also the lakes <a href="/facts/Lake_Maggiore/oCH7VB3B">Maggiore</a> (or Verbano) and <a href="/facts/Lake_Lugano/F80u2HTe">Lugano</a> (or Ceresio) make up a considerable minority. The canton shares borders with three other cantons across the main ridge of the Alps: <a href="/facts/Valais/q0A9bsP5">Valais</a> to the northwest, to which it is connected by the <a href="/facts/Nufenen_Pass/h8HrYKM1">Nufenen Pass</a>, <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Uri/Hjbalhww">Uri</a> to the north, to which it is connected by the <a href="/facts/Gotthard_Pass/dmXV7oDs">Gotthard Pass</a> and the <a href="/facts/Grisons/MngHSID3">Grisons</a> to the northeast, to which it is connected by the <a href="/facts/Lukmanier_Pass/eIKWR4r1">Lukmanier Pass</a> and the <a href="/facts/Mesolcina/la90sUbR">Mesolcina</a> Valley; the latter valley, a few kilometres north of Bellinzona, being the only (natural) low elevation access to another canton. Ticino shares international borders with <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a> as well. To the southwest is the region of <a href="/facts/Piedmont/K6f2ELPS">Piedmont</a> and to the southeast is the region of <a href="/facts/Lombardy/2p62Pxuc">Lombardy</a>. The main border crossing between Italy and Switzerland is that of <a href="/facts/Chiasso/S7hKoVWT">Chiasso</a>, in the extreme south of the canton.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>

<h3>Climate</h3>

The climate of Ticino is mostly influenced by the Mediterranean Sea, the Alps protecting it from north European weather.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> As a consequence, the plains experience warm and moist summers, and mild winters. This climate is noticeably warmer and wetter than <a href="/facts/Climate_of_Switzerland/vX0BXwSX">the rest of Switzerland</a>'s. In German-speaking Switzerland, Ticino is nicknamed Sonnenstube (sun porch), owing to the more than 2,300 <a href="/facts/Sunshine_hours/wVBusklh">sunshine hours</a> the canton receives every year, compared to 1,700 for Zurich.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> The canton can experience particularly heavy storms and rainfalls in summer. It is the region of Switzerland with the highest level of lightning discharge.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> Conversely, the canton can experience severe droughts in both summer and winter, making it the region most affected by forest fires in the country.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>
The climate of Ticino is highly diverse as elevations range from Lake Maggiore, affected by <a href="/facts/Subtropical_climate/gK0KyFUD">subtropical climate</a>, to the high Alps, affected by <a href="/facts/Alpine_climate/wUdLLA3b">subarctic and tundra climate</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> Therefore, similarly to the rest of Switzerland, many different types of ecosystems are found in the region. In the lower areas, deciduous forests are omnipresent, while at high elevations they tend to be replaced by coniferous forests, except in the Sottoceneri (<a href="/facts/Lugano_Prealps/zXDPFE51">Lugano Prealps</a>), where they are almost absent. The treeline is located at around 2,000 metres in the Sopraceneri and 1,600 metres in the Sottoceneri.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> The <a href="/facts/Bas%25C3%25B2dino/wo2qCl7l">Basòdino</a>, Ticino's second-highest mountain, is covered by the <a href="/facts/Bas%25C3%25B2dino_Glacier/bGrNK4jG">largest glacier of the canton</a>. In winter, skiing is popular in the highest locations, notably in <a href="/facts/Airolo/lntGSVvm">Airolo</a> and <a href="/facts/Bosco%2fGurin/CdYl7E1P">Bosco/Gurin</a>. In the lower regions, especially around Lake Maggiore and Lake Lugano, vineyards, olive trees<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> and other fruits common to southern Europe are grown.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> Several types of cold hardy <a href="/facts/Palm_trees/5bN6Wwcr">palm trees</a> and other subtropical species may be grown here, and although none are native, their presence in the ecosystem is increasing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> Numerous gardens, especially near the lakes, such as the <a href="/facts/Brissago_Islands/4WFMYSML">Brissago Islands</a> and the <a href="/facts/Scherrer_Park/dYdMRKCN">Scherrer Park</a>, are renowned for their exotic plants.

<h3>Diocese</h3>
The <a href="/facts/Diocese_of_Lugano/9HKJU7vj">Diocese of Lugano</a> is co-extensive to the canton.

<h3>Wine region</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Ticino_(wine_region)/nXWqJvu4">Ticino (wine region)</a>
Ticino is one of the wine regions for <a href="/facts/Swiss_wine/jhILjDxm">Swiss wine</a>. The defined region encompasses all of the canton plus the neighbouring Italian-speaking <a href="/facts/Moesa_(district)/gFv04mfh">district of Moesa</a> (<a href="/facts/Misox/la90sUbR">Misox</a> and <a href="/facts/Calanca/VdNDEXXM">Calanca</a> valleys) in the <a href="/facts/Canton_of_the_Grisons/MngHSID3">canton of the Grisons</a>.

<h2 id="government">Government</h2>

The current Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Ticino, originating from a draft approved on 18 August 1801 during the Helvetic Republic,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> was approved on 14 December 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> In its <a href="/facts/Preamble/qll70z3Y">preamble</a>, it states that it was created by the Ticinese people (popolo) "in order to guaranty peaceful life together with respect for the dignity of man, fundamental liberties and social justice (...) faithful to its historic task to interpret Italian culture within the Helvetic Confederation".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>
The <a href="/facts/Grand_Council_of_Ticino/S3RlJUES">Grand Council</a> (Gran Consiglio) is the legislative authority of the canton, exercising sovereignty over any matter not explicitly delegated by the constitution to another authority.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> The Gran Consiglio has 90 members called deputati (deputies), elected in a single <a href="/facts/Constituency/BscesP5j">constituency</a> using the <a href="/facts/Proportional_representation/69pRhsx9">proportional representation</a> system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> Deputies serve four-year terms, and annually nominate a President and two vice-presidents.
The five-member Council of State (<a href="/facts/Italian_language/YXsmvlQG">Italian</a>: Consiglio di Stato), not to be confused with the federal <a href="/facts/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)/W1zqCVDW">Council of States</a>, is the executive authority of the canton, and it directs cantonal affairs according to law and the constitution. It is elected in a single <a href="/facts/Constituency/BscesP5j">constituency</a> using the <a href="/facts/Proportional_representation/69pRhsx9">proportional representation</a> system. Currently, the five members of the Government are Claudio Zali, Raffaele De Rosa, Manuele Bertoli, Norman Gobbi and Christian Vitta.
Each year, the Council of State nominates its president.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> The current president of the Council of State is Norman Gobbi.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>
The most recent elections were held in April 2019; the next elections will be on 2 April 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>
The cantonal capital is <a href="/facts/Bellinzona/YDB1julN">Bellinzona</a>. The Palazzo delle Orsoline on Piazza Governo is the meeting place for both the Grand Council and the Council of State.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> Nearby Piazza Governo is Piazza Indipendenza, which commemorates the independence of the canton.

<h2 id="politics">Politics</h2>
<h3>Federal election results</h3>
<table><tbody><tr><th colspan="16">Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the <a href="/facts/National_Council_(Switzerland)/J34xtmMK">National Council</a> Elections 1971–2019<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Party</th><th>Ideology</th><th>1971</th><th>1975</th><th>1979</th><th>1983</th><th>1987</th><th>1991</th><th>1995</th><th>1999</th><th>2003</th><th>2007</th><th>2011</th><th>2015</th><th>2019</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/FDP.The_Liberals/59D98w6t">FDP.The Liberals</a>a</th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Classical_liberalism/SMJD77vB">Classical liberalism</a></td><td>38.4</td><td>39.1</td><td>36.3</td><td>37.9</td><td>34.8</td><td>29.4</td><td>30.5</td><td>27.7</td><td>29.8</td><td>28.1</td><td>24.8</td><td>23.7</td><td>20.5</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Christian_Democratic_People%2527s_Party_of_Switzerland/yhgsun90">CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Christian_democracy/If75WCac">Christian democracy</a></td><td>34.8</td><td>35.7</td><td>34.1</td><td>34.0</td><td>38.2</td><td>26.9</td><td>28.4</td><td>25.9</td><td>24.6</td><td>24.1</td><td>20.0</td><td>20.1</td><td>18.2</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland/XsqFcLLV">SP/PS</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Social_democracy/Ttb0ryDT">Social democracy</a></td><td>13.1</td><td>13.9</td><td>15.2</td><td>13.8</td><td>9.3</td><td>6.7</td><td>17.1</td><td>18.8</td><td>25.8</td><td>18.1</td><td>16.6</td><td>15.9</td><td>14.1</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Swiss_People%2527s_Party/7QgzcPbI">SVP/UDC</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Conservatism/2XdCcPzq">Conservatism</a></td><td>2.4</td><td>* b</td><td>2.3</td><td>2.1</td><td>1.3</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.5</td><td>5.3</td><td>7.6</td><td>8.7</td><td>9.7</td><td>11.3</td><td>11.7</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Evangelical_People%2527s_Party_of_Switzerland/3DluEBND">EVP/PEV</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Christian_democracy/If75WCac">Christian democracy</a></td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>0.2</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland/C1G3RGHV">GLP/PVL</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Green_liberalism/uGFpUSA8">Green liberalism</a></td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>0.8</td><td>1.0</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Swiss_Party_of_Labour/BsYn82sb">PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Socialism/U2kVoPaA">Socialism</a></td><td>2.8</td><td>3.6</td><td>2.7</td><td>*</td><td>1.2</td><td>0.7</td><td>1.3</td><td>1.3</td><td>*</td><td>1.3</td><td>1.2</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.8</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Autonomous_Socialist_Party_(Ticino)/6Rov0Mm0">PSA</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Socialism/U2kVoPaA">Socialism</a></td><td>6.7</td><td>7.6</td><td>9.4</td><td>10.6</td><td>11.0</td><td>10.0</td><td>c</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Green_Party_of_Switzerland/jmGTGLRs">GPS/PES</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Green_politics/3uzob1pB">Green politics</a></td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>1.9</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.7</td><td>1.4</td><td>3.0</td><td>4.8</td><td>6.7</td><td>3.5</td><td>12.1</td></tr><tr><th>FGA</th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Feminist_political_theory/ze6uWVPz">Feminist</a></td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>0.9</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Swiss_Democrats/wXLJsTwY">SD/DS</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/National_conservatism/tGWpzQoY">National conservatism</a></td><td>1.8</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Ticino_League/dlRu0c2p">Ticino League</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Right-wing_populism/Wr5gfR88">Right-wing populism</a></td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>*</td><td>23.5</td><td>18.6</td><td>18.5</td><td>8.0</td><td>14.0</td><td>17.5</td><td>21.7</td><td>16.9</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3">Other</th><td>*</td><td>0.2</td><td>*</td><td>1.8</td><td>1.4</td><td>0.8</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.9</td><td>1.3</td><td>0.8</td><td>3.4</td><td>2.4</td><td>4.7</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3">Voter participation %</th><th>60.6</th><th>64.7</th><th>59.6</th><th>61.6</th><th>60.2</th><th>67.5</th><th>52.8</th><th>49.7</th><th>48.6</th><th>47.4</th><th>54.3</th><th>54.4</th><th>49.8</th></tr></tbody></table>
^a FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009
^b "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.
^c Part of the SP/PS
<h3>Referendum decisions</h3>
Since a referendum in September 2013, Ticino is the only Swiss canton where wearing full-face veils is illegal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> Supporters of the ban cited the case of a 20-year-old Pakistani woman from <a href="/facts/Bellinzona/YDB1julN">Bellinzona</a>, who was killed by her husband for refusing to wear a headscarf.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> The Burqa ban was later approved by the <a href="/facts/Grand_Council_of_Ticino/S3RlJUES">Grand Council</a> in November 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a>
In September 2016, Ticino voters approved a <a href="/facts/Swiss_People%2527s_Party/7QgzcPbI">Swiss People's Party</a>-sponsored referendum that gives precedence to Swiss workers, as opposed to foreign workers, defying <a href="/facts/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers_in_the_European_Union/JXqwLnHD">freedom of movement</a> agreements <a href="/facts/Switzerland%25E2%2580%2593European_Union_relations/kYyX5lGQ">between Switzerland and the EU</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>

<h2 id="administrative-subdivisions">Administrative subdivisions</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Subdivisions_of_the_canton_of_Ticino/GM89gjes">Subdivisions of the canton of Ticino</a>
<h3>Districts</h3>

The canton is divided into eight <a href="/facts/Districts_of_Switzerland/E8TNRAuf">districts</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Bellinzona_(district)/cs05qhUo">Bellinzona</a> with capital <a href="/facts/Bellinzona/YDB1julN">Bellinzona</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Blenio_(district)/mkcD7lor">Blenio</a> with capital <a href="/facts/Acquarossa%2c_Switzerland/byKKMmg1">Acquarossa</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Leventina_(district)/K0rGEbx5">Leventina</a> with capital <a href="/facts/Faido/k02sEHaK">Faido</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Locarno_(district)/LvKpkvbW">Locarno</a> with capital <a href="/facts/Locarno/0EsMDnXs">Locarno</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lugano_(district)/TyjHW2pJ">Lugano</a> with capital <a href="/facts/Lugano/Y1zln3Y9">Lugano</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mendrisio_(district)/VCANHtoX">Mendrisio</a> with capital <a href="/facts/Mendrisio/AY3GA0Y9">Mendrisio</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Riviera_(district)/TfePztXB">Riviera</a> with capital <a href="/facts/Osogna/UmBsF0C7">Osogna</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Vallemaggia_(district)/yDvMp62U">Vallemaggia</a> with capital <a href="/facts/Cevio/JN8qUybH">Cevio</a></li></ul>
<h3>History of the districts</h3>
Leventina was a <a href="/facts/Vogt_(Switzerland)/S0KXTJFF">subject</a> of the <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Uri/Hjbalhww">canton of Uri</a> until 1798, the year the <a href="/facts/Helvetic_Republic/8GJR7yze">Helvetic Republic</a> was founded, when it became part of the new <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Bellinzona/CbPdYM2s">canton of Bellinzona</a> along with the <a href="/facts/Vogt_(Switzerland)/S0KXTJFF">Swiss condominiums</a> of Bellinzona, Riviera and Blenio. The condominiums of Locarno, Lugano, Mendrisio and Vallemaggia became part of the new <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Lugano/kL4VYF4H">canton of Lugano</a> in 1798. These two cantons formed into one canton, Ticino, in 1803 when it joined the (restored) Swiss Confederation as a member canton. The former condominiums and Leventina became the eight districts of the canton of Ticino, which exist to the present day and are provided for by the cantonal constitution.

<h3>Municipalities and circles</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Ticino/yEg38aPC">Municipalities of the canton of Ticino</a>
There are 108 <a href="/facts/Municipalities_of_Switzerland/cm2la4rw">municipalities</a> in the canton (as of June 2021<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ticino&action=edit">[update]</a>). These municipalities (comuni) are grouped in 38 circoli (circles or sub-districts) which are in turn grouped into the eight districts (distretti).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a>
The mayor (sindaco) is the president of the municipal government (municipio) which comprises at least three members; a council also exists. The members of the council and the municipio are elected every four years by the <a href="/facts/Swiss_citizen/BP1Q3jbV">citizens</a> resident in the comune – the next elections are scheduled for April 2024.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a>
Since the late 1990s, there has been an ongoing <a href="/facts/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Ticino/yEg38aPC">project to aggregate some municipalities</a>, with the constitution of the canton allowing for the Grand Council of Ticino to promote and lead in deciding on mergers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> This has resulted in changes to some of the circles, with many circles now consisting of just one or two municipalities. The most populous municipality – Lugano (having merged with numerous other municipalities) – is subdivided into <a href="/facts/Quartieri/9Wut9SYs">quartieri</a> (quarters) which are grouped into three (cantonal) circles. In the modern day, the circle serves only as a territorial unit with limited public functions, most notably the local judiciary.

<h2 id="demographics">Demographics</h2>

Ticino has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 350,986.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> As of 2013<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ticino&action=edit">[update]</a>, the population included 94,366 foreigners, or about 27.2% of the total population. The largest groups of foreign population were Italians (46.2%), followed by Croats (6.5%) and Portuguese (5.9%).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> The population density (in 2005) is 114.6 persons per km2.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> As of 2000, 83.1% of the population spoke Italian, 8.3% spoke German and 1.7% spoke <a href="/facts/Serbo-Croatian_language/MS85Xuwk">Serbo-Croatian</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a>
As of 2019, 70.0% of the total population was <a href="/facts/Catholic_Church/rJ4F4gqH">Catholic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a>
According to a 2012 survey, the population aged 15 years and older was mostly Catholic (70%); further Christian denominations accounted for 10% of the population (including <a href="/facts/Swiss_Reformed_Church/B0b67yVW">Swiss Reformed</a> 4%), 2% were <a href="/facts/Muslim/W2ukq4pg">Muslim</a> and 1% of the population adhered to another religion (including <a href="/facts/Jews/T9Y4wE6A">Jews</a> 0.1%).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a>
The official language, and the one used for most written communication, is <a href="/facts/Swiss_Italian/RKXB3lx3">Swiss Italian</a>. Despite being very similar to <a href="/facts/Italian_language/YXsmvlQG">standard Italian</a>, Swiss Italian presents some differences to the Italian spoken in <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a> due to the influence of <a href="/facts/French_language/qe1DnaQh">French</a> and German from which it assimilates words. Dialects of the <a href="/facts/Lombard_language/lTY3EwFz">Lombard language</a> such as <a href="/facts/Ticinese_dialect/FR3zeIWx">Ticinese</a> are still spoken, especially in the valleys, but they are not used for official purposes.
Despite the dominance of Italian speakers, fluency in <a href="/facts/Standard_German/9qsa3C2S">Standard</a> or <a href="/facts/Swiss_German/a90wuKPb">Swiss German</a> is sometimes taken to be an important prerequisite for employment, regardless of sector or sphere of work.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a>[better source needed]
In 2016, Ticino was the European region with the second highest life expectancy at 85.0 years, and the highest male life expectancy at 82.7 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a>

<h3>Historical population</h3>
The historical population is given in the following table:

<table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5">Historic Population Data<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></th></tr><tr><th>Year</th><th>Total Population</th><th>Swiss</th><th>Non-Swiss</th><th>Population share of total country</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">1850</th><td rowspan="1">117 759</td><td rowspan="1">109,952</td><td rowspan="1">7,807</td><td>4.9%</td></tr><tr><th>1880</th><td rowspan="1">130,394</td><td rowspan="1">110,306</td><td rowspan="1">20,088</td><td>4.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">1900</th><td rowspan="1">138,638</td><td rowspan="1">108,181</td><td>30,457</td><td>4.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">1950</th><td rowspan="1">175,055</td><td rowspan="1">144,909</td><td rowspan="1">30,146</td><td>3.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">1970</th><td>245,458</td><td>177,954</td><td rowspan="1">67,504</td><td>3.9%</td></tr><tr><th>2000</th><td>306,846</td><td>228,057</td><td>78,789</td><td>4.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2020</th><td>350,986</td><td></td><td></td><td>4.1%</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="economy">Economy</h2>

<a href="/facts/Tertiary_sector/IbtKqotL">Tertiary sector</a> workers make up 76.5% of the Ticinese workforce, compared to the Swiss average of 67.1%. Commerce (23.1%), tourism (10.1%) and financial activities (3.9%) are all important for the local economy, while the contribution from agriculture and fishing is marginal, employing 6.5% of the workforce on a Swiss average of 15.4%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a> The median gross private sector monthly salary in 2012 was 5,091 francs (US$5,580), below the national average of 6,118 francs (US$6,703).
<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> However, due to lesser cost of living and lower taxation compared to most other cantons, the overall disposable mean income is high.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a> The GDP per capita at 82,438 francs in 2014, was seventh highest in Switzerland.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> Ticino is counted among the most prosperous regions of Switzerland and of Europe.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a>
Lugano is Switzerland's third largest financial centre after Zurich and Geneva.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a> The banking industry alone has 8,400 employees and generates 17% of the gross cantonal product.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> Because of Ticino's shared language and culture, its financial industry has very close ties to Italy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a> In 2017, Ticino had an unemployment rate of 4%, higher than the Switzerland average which was estimated at 3.7%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a>
Frontalieri, <a href="/facts/Commuter_worker/EMrkhB87">commuter workers</a> living in Italy (mostly in the provinces of <a href="/facts/Varese/3P3xUf9v">Varese</a> and <a href="/facts/Como/d5QHB9vT">Como</a>) but working regularly in Ticino, form a large part (over 20%) of the workforce, far larger than in the rest of Switzerland, where the rate is below 5%. Foreigners in general hold 44.3% of all the jobs, again a much higher rate than elsewhere in the Confederation (27%).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a> Frontalieri are usually paid less than Swiss workers for their jobs, and tend to serve as low-cost labour.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a>

Italy is by far Ticino's most important foreign trading partner, but there's a huge <a href="/facts/Trade_deficit/0kWmf4Cw">trade deficit</a> between imports (5 billion <a href="/facts/Swiss_franc/W7XSc3UQ">CHF</a>) and exports (1.9 billion).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a> By 2013, Germany had become the canton's main export market, receiving 23.1% of the total, compared to 15.8% for Italy and 9.9% for the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a> Many Italian companies relocate to Ticino, either temporarily or permanently, seeking lower taxes and an efficient <a href="/facts/Bureaucracy/V9oFPCuG">bureaucracy</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a> just as many Ticinese entrepreneurs doing business in Italy complain of <a href="/facts/Red_tape/tjS5NzX5">red tape</a> and widespread <a href="/facts/Protectionism/jSa6HEAg">protectionism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a> The region has been attracting multinational companies particularly from the <a href="/facts/Fashion_industry/WbR38tGI">fashion industry</a> due to its closeness to <a href="/facts/Milan/0xrtbPdt">Milan</a>. <a href="/facts/Hugo_Boss/fuTDyT9z">Hugo Boss</a>, <a href="/facts/Gucci/IIQLxq2m">Gucci</a>, <a href="/facts/VF_Corporation/nLzkwPsU">VF Corporation</a> and other popular brands are located there. Because the international fashion business has become a significant employer for Swiss and Italians alike, the region has also been termed the "Fashion Valley".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a>
Three of the world's largest gold refineries are based in Ticino,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a> including the Pamp refinery in <a href="/facts/Castel_San_Pietro/jx7WNWSS">Castel San Pietro</a>, the leading manufacturer of minted gold bars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a>
Large companies based in the canton include: <a href="/facts/Bally_Shoe/F5mS61l3">Bally</a>, <a href="/facts/Hupac/272yRQRq">Hupac</a>.
The opening of the <a href="/facts/Gotthard_Railway/0SpoeJqM">Gotthard Railway</a> in 1882 led to the establishment of a sizeable tourist industry mostly catering to German speakers,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a> although since the early 2000s the industry has suffered from the competition of more distant destinations. In 2011, 1,728,888 overnight stays were recorded.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a> The mild climate throughout the year makes the canton a popular destination for hikers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a> The high Alps of Ticino include numerous tourist facilities such as the <a href="/facts/Monte_Generoso_Railway/Q2qArBaN">Monte Generoso Railway</a>, the <a href="/facts/Ritom_funicular/NAgV7xJQ">Ritom Funicular</a> and the <a href="/facts/Cardada/7lNjRjUG">Cardada</a> Cableway. Among other tourist attractions are the <a href="/facts/Verzasca_Dam/LbNCHydb">Verzasca Dam</a>, popular with bungee jumpers,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a> and Swissminiatur in <a href="/facts/Melide%2c_Switzerland/0LMrR51r">Melide</a>, a <a href="/facts/Miniature_park/uWGqFB9a">miniature park</a> featuring scale models of over 120 Swiss monuments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a> The <a href="/facts/Brissago_Islands/4WFMYSML">Brissago Islands</a> on <a href="/facts/Lake_Maggiore/oCH7VB3B">Lake Maggiore</a> are the only Swiss islands south of the Alps, and house botanical gardens with 1,600 different plant species from five continents.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a>

<h2 id="transport">Transport</h2>

The <a href="/facts/Gotthard_Pass/dmXV7oDs">Gotthard</a> is a strategic mountain pass of Central Switzerland and Ticino since the 13th century. Several tunnels underneath the Gotthard connect the canton to northern Switzerland: the first to open was the 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long <a href="/facts/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel/QJ6Wf7VQ">Gotthard Rail Tunnel</a> in 1882, replacing the pass road, connecting <a href="/facts/Airolo/lntGSVvm">Airolo</a> with <a href="/facts/G%25C3%25B6schenen/p4gynAoF">Göschenen</a> in the <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Uri/Hjbalhww">canton of Uri</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a> A 17 km (11 mi) motorway tunnel, the <a href="/facts/Gotthard_Road_Tunnel/qE3EB9wx">Gotthard Road Tunnel</a>, opened in 1980.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a> A second rail tunnel through the pass, the <a href="/facts/Gotthard_Base_Tunnel/XMMb4Qmo">Gotthard Base Tunnel</a>, was opened on 1 June 2016. The new tunnel is <a href="/facts/List_of_longest_tunnels/0m9YX9z0">the longest tunnel in the world</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a> reducing travel time between <a href="/facts/Z%25C3%25BCrich/dXpgq7df">Zürich</a> and <a href="/facts/Lugano/Y1zln3Y9">Lugano</a> to 1 hour 40 minutes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a> It is the first flat route through the Alps and provides for the first time a low-level route to the cities of the <a href="/facts/Swiss_Plateau/1hlg4chY">Swiss Plateau</a>.
The <a href="/facts/Ceneri_Base_Tunnel/J2lH8N0J">Ceneri Base Tunnel</a>, inaugurated in 2020, constitutes another revolution in the canton, by providing fast links to both Locarno and Bellinzona from Lugano, and making the latter city an important railway node. The base tunnel bypasses the old <a href="/facts/Monte_Ceneri/FokhD7Sd">Monte Ceneri</a> axis.

<a href="/facts/Treni_Regionali_Ticino_Lombardia/b4dxTB3C">Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia</a> (TiLo), a <a href="/facts/Joint_venture/f2Fv8QqA">joint venture</a> between the Italian <a href="/facts/Ferrovie_dello_Stato/USuzwVEE">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> and the <a href="/facts/Swiss_Federal_Railways/Ctk524cn">Swiss Federal Railways</a> launched in 2004, manages the traffic between the regional railways of <a href="/facts/Lombardy/2p62Pxuc">Lombardy</a> and the Ticino railway network via a <a href="/facts/S-Bahn/o9rCorEL">S-Bahn</a> system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a> The canton is also served by the Treno Gottardo from northern Switzerland, operated by the <a href="/facts/S%25C3%25BCdostbahn/gAPv4tRe">Südostbahn</a> (SOB).
The <a href="/facts/Regional_Bus_and_Rail_Company_of_Ticino/yaf5GKhb">Regional Bus and Rail Company of Ticino</a> provides the urban and suburban bus network of Locarno, operates the cable cars between Verdasio and Rasa, and between Intragna – Pila – Costa on behalf of the owning companies, and, together with an Italian company, the <a href="/facts/Domodossola%25E2%2580%2593Locarno_railway_line/1LTm8ngE">Centovalli and Vigezzina Railway</a> which connects the Gotthard trans-Alpine rail route at Locarno with the <a href="/facts/Simplon_Pass/a8dGsNbG">Simplon</a> trans-Alpine route at <a href="/facts/Domodossola/VeyVlP9o">Domodossola</a>, with further connections with <a href="/facts/Brig%2c_Switzerland/NIWXK7vj">Brig</a> in <a href="/facts/Valais/q0A9bsP5">Valais</a>.
The canton has a higher than average incidence of traffic accidents, recording 16 deaths or serious injuries per 100 million km in the 2004–2006 period, compared to a Swiss average of 6.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a>
<a href="/facts/Lugano_Airport/ysXSNULV">Lugano Airport</a> is the busiest airport in southeast Switzerland, serving some 200,000 passengers a year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a>

<h2 id="education-and-science">Education and science</h2>
There are two major centres of education and research located in the canton of Ticino. <a href="/facts/Universit%25C3%25A0_della_Svizzera_italiana/4jfHHRQ0">University of Italian Switzerland</a> (USI, Università della Svizzera Italiana) in Lugano is the only Swiss university teaching primarily in Italian. The <a href="/facts/SUPSI/WAFpV3Az">University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland</a> (SUPSI, Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana), in <a href="/facts/Manno/eBWV7FwX">Manno</a>, is a professional training college focused on a practical method of teaching in the areas of applied art, economy, social work, technology and production science.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a>
There is also a small American and Swiss accredited private college, <a href="/facts/Franklin_University_Switzerland/3VGRqxTK">Franklin University Switzerland</a>, located above <a href="/facts/Lugano/Y1zln3Y9">Lugano</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a> as well as <a href="/facts/The_American_School_in_Switzerland/H8oUs4SB">The American School in Switzerland</a> in <a href="/facts/Collina_d%2527Oro/UECdHmBS">Collina d'Oro</a>, a K-13 international school accepting day and boarding students.
Following <a href="/facts/Google_Scholar/FhEwS2QM">Google Scholar</a>, several scientists working in Ticino have received more than 100,000 scientific <a href="/facts/Citation/V9cIWxl8">citations</a> and have an <a href="/facts/H-index/K9q5E93W">h-index</a> greater than 100, for example, <a href="/facts/Michele_Parrinello/nuCvFfq9">Michele Parrinello</a> in <a href="/facts/Chemistry/SrNqkGVm">chemistry</a> (<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lnkt9rgAAAAJ&hl=en">Profile</a>), <a href="/facts/J%25C3%25BCrgen_Schmidhuber/obWPp0Xt">Jürgen Schmidhuber</a> in <a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence/lJGauQwX">artificial intelligence</a> (<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gLnCTgIAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao">Profile</a>), and <a href="/facts/Antonio_Lanzavecchia/bByBJEqe">Antonio Lanzavecchia</a> in <a href="/facts/Immunology/vylm0L8e">immunology</a> (<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lcq610IAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao">Profile</a>).

<h2 id="culture">Culture</h2>
See also: <a href="/facts/List_of_cultural_property_of_national_significance_in_Switzerland%3a_Ticino/9G13tU5v">List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Ticino</a> and <a href="/facts/List_of_museums_in_Ticino/cG8Xs0Ku">List of museums in Ticino</a>

<h3>Cultural identity</h3>
As the only predominantly Italian-speaking canton, Ticino notably distinguishes itself from the rest of the country by its meridional, or Mediterranean, culture.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> Cultural identity of Ticino is complex and is marked by its long history as a bailiwick of the Swiss Confederacy, until its independence of 1803.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> Ticinese identity was gradually forged in the 19th century, partly thanks to the efforts of major intellectual figures such as <a href="/facts/Stefano_Franscini/pyUdPg8l">Stefano Franscini</a> and <a href="/facts/Carlo_Cattaneo/kUblJe3C">Carlo Cattaneo</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a> Cantonal patriotism is particularly strong in Ticino; this is reflected by the use of the term repubblica in official documents.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a>

<h3>Architecture</h3>
Ticino is particularly known for its rich architectural heritage, ranging from the anonymous rock architecture of <a href="/facts/Grotto/AnGabRck">grottos</a> and splüi, over <a href="/facts/Romanesque_architecture/Um0RoAhL">Romanesque</a> and <a href="/facts/Baroque_architecture/l9QT8K91">baroque</a> to contemporary styles. The birthplace of <a href="/facts/Francesco_Borromini/d7tX21Qb">Francesco Borromini</a>, the canton is home to internationally recognized architects, such as <a href="/facts/Mario_Botta/Xorr16Sp">Mario Botta</a>, <a href="/facts/Aurelio_Galfetti/p9XLTBoF">Aurelio Galfetti</a>, <a href="/facts/Luigi_Snozzi/zF7hllMg">Luigi Snozzi</a>, and <a href="/facts/Livio_Vacchini/pzA7M7Pj">Livio Vacchini</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a> As early as the 18th century, aristocrats from Russia and Italy employed numerous architects from Ticino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> More recently, the region became a centre of the <a href="/facts/Neo-Rationalist/1aFUJ6AY">Neo-Rationalist</a> Tendenza movement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a>

Ticino hosts two <a href="/facts/World_Heritage_Sites/6AbWWKV4">World Heritage Sites</a>: the <a href="/facts/Three_Castles_of_Bellinzona/mEBJPJXS">Three Castles of Bellinzona</a> and <a href="/facts/Monte_San_Giorgio/XKThjmpN">Monte San Giorgio</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a> 

<h3>Film</h3>
During the second week of August, Locarno is host to the <a href="/facts/Locarno_International_Film_Festival/9TqvJaJ9">Locarno International Film Festival</a>, Switzerland's most prestigious.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a> 

<h3>Music</h3>
<a href="/facts/Estival_Jazz/Pve1LmTq">Estival Jazz</a>, a free open-air jazz festival, is held in Lugano and <a href="/facts/Mendrisio/AY3GA0Y9">Mendrisio</a> in late June and July.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a> Another jazz festival is <a href="/facts/Ascona_Jazz_Festival/leHxLI23">held in Ascona</a>. <a href="/facts/Rabadan/7eKh4AQU">Rabadan</a> is the major carnival festival of the canton. It has been ongoing now for more than 150 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a>
Traditional folk music of Ticino also distinguishes itself from that of northern Switzerland.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a> Among traditional instruments are the accordion, the guitar and, since the 19th century, the mandolin. Duos and trios with mandolin and guitar typically accompany regional folk songs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> However, like most of Switzerland, Ticino has a long brass-band tradition. A regional, reduced version, is the bandella, an ensemble consisting of brass instruments and clarinets.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a>

<h2 id="media">Media</h2>
Newspapers and magazines published in Ticino include <a href="/facts/Corriere_del_Ticino/cWbVMwx5">Corriere del Ticino</a>, <a href="/facts/LaRegione_Ticino/FdGaNEQH">LaRegione Ticino</a>, <a href="/facts/Giornale_del_Popolo/jqpCn4oH">Giornale del Popolo</a>, Il Mattino della Domenica, Il Caffè (newspaper) [it], L'Informatore, and the German-language <a href="/facts/Tessiner_Zeitung/aeaIX39w">Tessiner Zeitung</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a> In Lugano is based <a href="/facts/Radiotelevisione_svizzera/GcDDJ3Ca">Radiotelevisione svizzera (RSI)</a>, a radio and television broadcasting branch of the national <a href="/facts/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation/LEHDtlP6">Swiss Broadcasting Corporation</a>.

<h2 id="sport">Sport</h2>
<a href="/facts/Bocce/4AIKmTub">Bocce</a> is a folk game that was once a popular pastime locally, but by the early 21st century it was seldom played by younger people.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a> 
Professional sports teams include <a href="/facts/HC_Lugano/pU08F5Ij">HC Lugano</a>, <a href="/facts/HC_Ambr%25C3%25AC-Piotta/5066NW3t">HC Ambrì-Piotta</a> (ice hockey), <a href="/facts/AC_Bellinzona/bseDMFrD">AC Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/facts/FC_Lugano/9m6oSfuQ">FC Lugano</a> (men's association football) and <a href="/facts/Lugano_Tigers/UyHtSaVp">Lugano Tigers</a> (basketball). Other teams include <a href="/facts/FF_Lugano_1976/u1cXVTP1">FF Lugano 1976</a> (women's association football), <a href="/facts/GDT_Bellinzona_Snakes/jczXQuuW">GDT Bellinzona Snakes</a>, (ice hockey) <a href="/facts/FC_Chiasso/J6e84Ds8">FC Chiasso</a>, <a href="/facts/FC_Mendrisio/tFdUF7Bf">FC Mendrisio</a>, <a href="/facts/FC_Paradiso/bI5BBexn">FC Paradiso</a> and <a href="/facts/FC_Locarno/WtgdUMa4">FC Locarno</a> (men's association football). The canton also has a <a href="/facts/Canton_Ticino_football_team/quRsXM2m">Canton Ticino football team</a> which is a member of <a href="/facts/CONIFA/SuGb47Bw">CONIFA</a>.
Lugano has hosted the <a href="/facts/Italy_national_football_team/VackkxFC">Italy</a>-<a href="/facts/Belgium_national_football_team/HIEk1qCR">Belgium</a> match at the <a href="/facts/1954_FIFA_World_Cup/CUzGsByJ">1954 FIFA World Cup</a> at the <a href="/facts/Cornaredo_Stadium/j6oM5kjr">Cornaredo Stadium</a>, the <a href="/facts/1953_UCI_Road_World_Championships/J2jdledu">1953</a> and <a href="/facts/1996_UCI_Road_World_Championships/veX1X2RT">1996</a> <a href="/facts/UCI_Road_World_Championships/wjfe4hBq">UCI Road World Championships</a>, the <a href="/facts/18th_Chess_Olympiad/GnHB5oIJ">18th Chess Olympiad</a> and the <a href="/facts/2018_Ladies_Open_Lugano/B0tTAq6n">2018</a> and <a href="/facts/2019_Ladies_Open_Lugano/lEUTuFaN">2019</a> editions of the <a href="/facts/Ladies_Open_Lugano/hCNTYkNP">Ladies Open Lugano</a> women's tennis tournament.
Lugano's routine events include the annual <a href="/facts/BSI_Challenger_Lugano/RVIb5ov5">BSI Challenger Lugano</a> tennis tournament, the <a href="/facts/Gran_Premio_Citt%25C3%25A0_di_Lugano_Memorial_Albisetti/wu8nNP6h">Gran Premio Città di Lugano Memorial Albisetti</a> 20 km <a href="/facts/Racewalking/fm80nAFR">racewalk</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Scenic_Trail/wzh9MfmW">Scenic Trail</a> <a href="/facts/Skyrunning/4ralueEd">skyrunning</a> competition. Bellinzona hosts the <a href="/facts/Bellinzona_Ladies_Open/3pefvEKL">Bellinzona Ladies Open</a> women's tennis tournament.

<h2 id="cuisine">Cuisine</h2>

<a href="/facts/Polenta/78dY9C1r">Polenta</a>, along with <a href="/facts/Chestnut/pjwAmCsR">chestnuts</a> and potatoes, was for centuries one of the staple foods in Ticino, and it remains a mainstay of local cuisine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a> Nowadays, the most typical dishes are polenta, often served with meat (such as rabbit) and gravy sauce, and risotto, often with saffron.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a> Local products of Ticino, called Nostrani, include a large variety of cheeses, meat specialities such as <a href="/facts/Salame_ticinese/q3LzzxC0">salami</a> and <a href="/facts/Prosciutto/oRn7n1Bm">prosciutto</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a> and wines, especially red merlot. <a href="/facts/Olive_production_in_Switzerland/pW0p9Apa">Olive oil is produced</a> in small quantities but olive cultivation is growing in the canton.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a> 
Sweet products of Ticino notably include the torta di pane, a cake made with stale bread softened in milk and containing dried and candied fruits,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a> and Panettone, a yeast-leavened bread containing candied fruits.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a> Gazzosa ticinese, a <a href="/facts/Soft_drink/wrh7dUAC">soft drink</a> available in lemon and a number of other flavours, is one of the most popular beverages from Ticino, and is also common in other regions of Switzerland. It usually comes in <a href="/facts/Flip-top/HsfPRorC">flip-top</a> bottles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a> The estimate for the production of gazzosa in Ticino is 7–8 million bottles a year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a> Food and wine were historically conserved in grottos, which were ubiquitous stone structures built in shadowy and fresh areas. They have become rustic, family-run open-air restaurants in the latter part of the 20th century. They serve traditional food and local wine (usually <a href="/facts/Merlot/ceC0AY2S">Merlot</a> or similar), often in a little ceramic jug known as boccalino, which is also a popular souvenir for tourists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a>
<a href="/facts/Bruscitti/7QM0jlTP">Bruscitti</a>, originating from <a href="/facts/Alto_Milanese/17Sy0utx">Alto Milanese</a>, are common in the whole <a href="/facts/Insubria/QQuDdsRr">Insubria</a> area. This is a braised meat dish cut very thin and cooked in wine and <a href="/facts/Fennel/TjXgYjLp">fennel seeds</a>, historically obtained by stripping leftover meat. It is particularly popular in the <a href="/facts/Province_of_Varese/wqXLLBwh">province of Varese</a> (Lombardy),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a> in the Alto Milanese area (Lombardy; particularly in the area of the city of <a href="/facts/Busto_Arsizio/proq4mlV">Busto Arsizio</a>, where it originates), in the <a href="/facts/Province_of_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola/27Kg6Hm0">province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a> (Piedmont)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a> and in lower Ticino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a>

<h2 id="notable-people">Notable people</h2>
See also: Category:People from Ticino
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Bernasconi_family/bRfgxcsP">Bernasconi family</a> of stuccoists, architects and sculptors</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Francesco_Borromini/d7tX21Qb">Francesco Borromini</a> (1599 in Bissone – 1667), architect</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mario_Botta/Xorr16Sp">Mario Botta</a> (born 1943 in Mendrisio), a Swiss architect.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ignazio_Cassis/nDU22FFe">Ignazio Cassis</a> (born 1961 in Sessa) a Swiss physician and politician, <a href="/facts/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation/osKTM4f9">President of the Swiss Confederation</a> for 2022.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Flavio_Cotti/NIzTbEsk">Flavio Cotti</a> (1939 in Muralto – 2020) a Swiss politician, on the <a href="/facts/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)/D889pX2m">Federal Council</a>, 1986 to 1999.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Carla_Del_Ponte/cF4Un4qN">Carla Del Ponte</a> (born 1947 in Bignasco), international jurist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Carlo_Fontana/GItjVXlo">Carlo Fontana</a> (ca.1634–1714) & <a href="/facts/Domenico_Fontana/YbKffCpQ">Domenico Fontana</a> (1543–1607), architects</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ersilia_Fossati/dtfopL1a">Ersilia Fossati</a> (1921-1999), Swiss politician and suffrage campaigner</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Aurelio_Galfetti/p9XLTBoF">Aurelio Galfetti</a> (1936 in Biasca – 2021), a Swiss architect.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lara_Gut-Behrami/YHt9g9ET">Lara Gut-Behrami</a> (born 1991 in Sorengo), ski racer, gold medallist at the <a href="/facts/2022_Winter_Olympics/0wKS1jSs">2022 Winter Olympics</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Michelle_Hunziker/Q5NCRThF">Michelle Hunziker</a> (born in 1977 in Sorengo) a Swiss-Italian television presenter and former model.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Carlo_Maderno/Gsr5a8b4">Carlo Maderno</a> (1556 in Capolago – 1629), architect</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Giovanni_Pietro_Magni/fX4weCBY">Giovanni Pietro Magni</a> (1655 in Bruzella – ca.1722), stuccoist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/No%25C3%25A8_Ponti/kmLqk5rB">Noè Ponti</a> (born 2001 in Locarno) a Swiss swimmer, won bronze in 100m butterfly in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Clay_Regazzoni/or1A2TSl">Clay Regazzoni</a> (1939 in Mendrisio – 2006) a Swiss <a href="/facts/Formula_One/BwdePyWY">Formula One</a> racing driver.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Flora_Ruchat-Roncati/vnSunqz8">Flora Ruchat-Roncati</a> (1937–2012), architect</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Elly_Schlein/u1mW89Ec">Elly Schlein</a> (born 1985 in Lugano), Italian politician and leader of the <a href="/facts/Democratic_Party_(Italy)/EnmeEJfL">Democratic Party</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Luigi_Snozzi/zF7hllMg">Luigi Snozzi</a> (1932 in Mendrisio – 2020), architect</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Livio_Vacchini/pzA7M7Pj">Livio Vacchini</a> (1933 in Locarno – 2007), architect</li></ul>

<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h3>Bibliography</h3>
<ul><li> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a>: <a href="/facts/W._A._B._Coolidge/yVa3tHxl">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). "Ticino". In <a href="/facts/Hugh_Chisholm/2vWblUBe">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <a href="/facts/Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition/mPElbCRY">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 933–934.</li>
<li>Marcello Sorce Keller, "Canton Ticino: una identità musicale?", Cenobio, LII (2003), April–June, pp. 171–184; also later published in Bulletin – Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Musikethnologie und Gesellschaft für die Volksmusik in der Schweiz, October 2005, pp. 30–37.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canton of Ticino.

<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170209184557/http://www4.ti.ch/">Cantone Ticino official site</a> (in Italian)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.ticino.ch">Ticino Tourism</a>, official website of tourism office</li>
<li><a href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/ti/key.html">Official statistics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://m4.ti.ch/fileadmin/DI/DI_DI/Documentazione/integrazione/ticinoBreve/Integrazione_GB_WEB.pdf">"Ticino in a nutshell"</a> (PDF). Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Dipartimento delle istituzioni Residenza governativa. 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Il Ticino in breve, ti.ch (official website of the canton). Retrieved 2021-01-25. ("Ticino is officially called the Republic and Canton of Ticino, its official language is Italian and its capital is Bellinzona") <a href="https://www4.ti.ch/fileadmin/DI/DI_DI/Documentazione/integrazione/ticinoBreve/Integrazione_GB_WEB.pdf" target="_blank">https://www4.ti.ch/fileadmin/DI/DI_DI/Documentazione/integrazione/ticinoBreve/Integrazione_GB_WEB.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Italian: Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, informally Canton Ticino [kanˈton tiˈtʃiːno]; Lombard: Cantón Teṡín [kanˈtoŋ teˈziŋ]; German: Kanton Tessin [ˈkantɔn tɛˈsiːn] ⓘ; French: Canton du Tessin [kɑ̃tɔ̃ dy tɛsɛ̃] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun dal Tessin [tɕɐnˈtun dɐl teˈsin] ⓘ. <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" target="_blank">/wiki/Italian_language</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021. <a href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201" target="_blank">https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">swissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (30 September 2020). "Ticino has second-highest life expectancy in Europe". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 17 February 2024. <a href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/society/ticino-has-second-highest-life-expectancy-in-europe/46066910" target="_blank">https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/society/ticino-has-second-highest-life-expectancy-in-europe/46066910</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Lo scorrere del fiume, l'opera dell'uomo". Azienda elettrica ticinese. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028232235/http://www.aet.ch/comunicati_det.html?idnews=7195" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141028232235/http://www.aet.ch/comunicati_det.html?idnews=7195</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Roberto Rampoldi (1901). "Intorno all'origine e al significato del nome Ticino". Internet Archive. Retrieved 28 October 2014. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/periodicovolume01comogoog#page/n83/mode/1up/" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/periodicovolume01comogoog#page/n83/mode/1up/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Coolidge 1911, p. 934. - Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Ticino". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 933–934. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Coolidge 1911, p. 934. - Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Ticino". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 933–934. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Coolidge 1911, p. 934. - Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Ticino". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 933–934. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Coolidge 1911, p. 934. - Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Ticino". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 933–934. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Coolidge 1911, p. 933. - Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Ticino". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 933–934. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Luigi, Lorenzetti (2007). "Emigrazione, imprenditorialità e rischi : i cioccolatieri bleniesi (XVIII-XIX secc.". Il cioccolato. Industria, mercato e società in Italia e Svizzera (XVIII-XX sec.). FrancoAngeli. pp. 39–52). <a href="/wiki/FrancoAngeli" target="_blank">/wiki/FrancoAngeli</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Ainardi, Mauro Silvio (2008). Le fabbriche da cioccolata: nascita e sviluppo di un'industria lungo i canali di Torino. Umberto Allemandi. p. 51. ISBN 9788842215639. Dall'elenco dei nominativi emerge come la produzione artigianale della cioccolata a Torino, nei primi decenni del XIX secolo, sia appannaggio di alcune famiglie originarie del Canton Ticino [From the list of names it emerges how the artisanal production of chocolate in Turin, in the first decades of the 19th century, was the prerogative of some families originating from the Canton of Ticino] <a href="9788842215639" target="_blank">9788842215639</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Goldstein, Leslie Friedman (21 August 2001). Constituting Federal Sovereignty: The European Union in Comparative Context. JHU Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780801866630 – via Internet Archive. <a href="9780801866630" target="_blank">9780801866630</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"The Constitution of Ticino". Ti.ch. Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 28 January 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060519040032/http://www.ti.ch/CAN/argomenti/legislaz/rleggi/rl/dati_rl/f/f01_06.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060519040032/http://www.ti.ch/CAN/argomenti/legislaz/rleggi/rl/dati_rl/f/f01_06.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Ticino on the Swiss National Map". Federal Office of Topography. Retrieved 14 March 2022. <a href="https://s.geo.admin.ch/96b443ac7f" target="_blank">https://s.geo.admin.ch/96b443ac7f</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"Ticino on the Swiss National Map". Federal Office of Topography. Retrieved 14 March 2022. <a href="https://s.geo.admin.ch/96b443ac7f" target="_blank">https://s.geo.admin.ch/96b443ac7f</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Sopraceneri". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Retrieved 14 March 2022. Il S. comprende i distr. di Bellinzona, Riviera, Blenio, Leventina, Locarno e Vallemaggia, che si estendono su ca. 2379 km2, pari all'85% ca. del territorio cant., e contano 142'627 ab. (2008), ossia il 43% della pop. ticinese. <a href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/it/articles/008550/2017-03-14/" target="_blank">https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/it/articles/008550/2017-03-14/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"Sottoceneri". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Retrieved 14 March 2022. Costituito dagli attuali distr. di Lugano e Mendrisio, il S., di ca. 432 km2 di estensione e con 189'123 ab. (2008), comprende ca. il 15% del territorio cant., ma il 57% della pop. ed è quindi caratterizzato da una densità demografica già nel passato piuttosto elevata (oltre 100 ab. per km2 nel 1808). <a href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/it/articles/008549/2017-05-04/" target="_blank">https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/it/articles/008549/2017-05-04/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Federal Department of Statistics (2008). "Regional Statistics for Ticino". Archived from the original on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625193115/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/regionalportraets/tessin/blank/kennzahlen.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080625193115/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/regionalportraets/tessin/blank/kennzahlen.html</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"Ticino on the Swiss National Map". Federal Office of Topography. Retrieved 14 March 2022. <a href="https://s.geo.admin.ch/96b443ac7f" target="_blank">https://s.geo.admin.ch/96b443ac7f</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Lucy J. Sheppard (2013). Forest Growth Responses to the Pollution Climate of the 21st Century. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 9789401715782. The Ticino region situated to the south of the Swiss Alps generally experiences a Mediterranean climate, with hot but relatively moist summer seasons. The Alps form an arc around the plain of the Po valley, acting as a barrier against central European weather <a href="9789401715782" target="_blank">9789401715782</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">P. Lionello (2006). Mediterranean Climate Variability. Elsevier. p. 346. ISBN 9780080460796. The heaviest rain events take place when the cyclone path is in such a position that it produces the local convergence of moist Mediterranean air. In the Western Mediterranean, this feeding flow is southerly for northern Italy and Ticino <a href="9780080460796" target="_blank">9780080460796</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Jürg Steiner; Manuschak Karnusian; Omar Gisler (28 March 2014). MARCO POLO Reiseführer Tessin. Mair Dumont Marco Polo. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-8297-7172-6. <a href="978-3-8297-7172-6" target="_blank">978-3-8297-7172-6</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">"Luganese fulminato, bersaglio prediletto di Zeus". Swissinfo. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2022. I dati raccolti da MeteoSvizzera sono impressionanti: nel 2008 in un raggio di trenta chilometri attorno a Lugano, sono stati registrati più di 13 mila fulmini, mentre in località analoghe come quota a nord delle Alpi, ne sono stati registrati fra 3 mila e 6 mila. [The data collected by MeteoSwiss are impressive: in 2008 in a radius of thirty kilometres around Lugano, more than 13,000 lightning strikes were recorded, while in locations north of the Alps with a similar elevation, between 3,000 and 6,000 were recorded.] <a href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/scienza-tecnica/luganese-fulminato--bersaglio-prediletto-di-zeus/410516" target="_blank">https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/scienza-tecnica/luganese-fulminato--bersaglio-prediletto-di-zeus/410516</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">M. Masellis (2012). The Management of Burns and Fire Disasters: Perspectives 2000. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 520. ISBN 9789400903616. The Ticino is the canton most affected by forest fires in all Switzerland. Its geographical position at the southern foot of the Alps determines a climate that is extremely favourable to the development and spread of forest fires. <a href="9789400903616" target="_blank">9789400903616</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Isole di Brissago - Bosco Gurin". Agenzia turistica ticinese SA. Retrieved 14 March 2022. The Trekking dei fiori, a new 5-day experience within the local nature and culture, spans the entire region of the Locarnese National Park Project, going from a subtropical climate to the alpine climate. <a href="https://www.ticino.ch/en/itineraries/details/Isole-di-Brissago-Bosco-Gurin/138317.html" target="_blank">https://www.ticino.ch/en/itineraries/details/Isole-di-Brissago-Bosco-Gurin/138317.html</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Reynard, Emmanuel (2020). Landscapes and Landforms of Switzerland. Springer Nature. p. 325. ISBN 9783030432034. For its geographical location and its particular morphological configurations, the Upper Ticino is located between the harsh Alpine climate and the more temperate Mediterranean climate. <a href="9783030432034" target="_blank">9783030432034</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Christiane M. A. De Micheli Schulthess (2001). Aspects of Roman Pottery in Canton Ticino (Switzerland) (PDF) (PhD). University of Nottingham. In the alpine region (Sopraceneri) the upper limit of the forests reaches 1900-2000m asl. This limit reaches 1600m asl in the subalpine region (Sottoceneri), characterized by the almost exclusive presence of hardwood forests. <a href="http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14275/1/364441_Vol1.pdf" target="_blank">http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14275/1/364441_Vol1.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Irene, Solari (16 October 2021). "Alla scoperta dell'olio ticinese: "Un patrimonio di cui dovremmo essere fieri"". Corriere del Ticino. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022. Il mese scorso l'olio d'oliva ticinese è stato inserito nel patrimonio culinario svizzero, annoverato tra i prodotti d'eccellenza del nostro Paese. [Last month, Ticino olive oil was included in the Swiss culinary heritage, counted among the products of excellence of our country.] <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415103751/https://www.cdt.ch/ticino/alla-scoperta-dell-olio-ticinese-un-patrimonio-di-cui-dovremmo-essere-fieri-EA4750215" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220415103751/https://www.cdt.ch/ticino/alla-scoperta-dell-olio-ticinese-un-patrimonio-di-cui-dovremmo-essere-fieri-EA4750215</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">James Redfern (1971). A Lexical Study of Raeto-Romance and Contiguous Italian Dialect Areas. Mouton Publishers. p. 38. ISBN 9783110824841. The canton of the Ticino marks the geographic descent from high Alps to plain and is, therefore, a land of climatic as well as linguistic transition, where heat and abundant moisture favour almonds, figs, and all the fruits common to southern Europe, except the olive. <a href="9783110824841" target="_blank">9783110824841</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Palm trees go wild in Ticino, Swissinfo, February 15, 2001 ("Palm trees and other exotic species have become so common in the forests of Switzerland's southern canton of Ticino they must now be considered as "native".") <a href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/palm-trees-go-wild-in-ticino/1887788" target="_blank">https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/palm-trees-go-wild-in-ticino/1887788</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Il Canton Ticino si appresta a festeggiare i suoi 200 anni" (in Italian). swissinfo. 20 August 2001. Retrieved 9 July 2009. <a href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/archive.html?siteSect=883&sid=793622&ty=st" target="_blank">http://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/archive.html?siteSect=883&sid=793622&ty=st</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Ticino" (in Italian). Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. 14 December 1997. Retrieved 9 July 2009. <a href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">"Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Ticino" (in Italian). Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. 14 December 1997. Retrieved 9 July 2009. <a href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">"Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Ticino" (in Italian). Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. 14 December 1997. Retrieved 9 July 2009. <a href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">"Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Ticino" (in Italian). Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. 14 December 1997. Retrieved 9 July 2009. <a href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">"Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Ticino" (in Italian). Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. 14 December 1997. Retrieved 9 July 2009. <a href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">"Consiglio di Stato - CDS - Cantone Ticino". Archived from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140829080743/http://www4.ti.ch/poteri/cds/governo/consiglio-di-stato/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140829080743/http://www4.ti.ch/poteri/cds/governo/consiglio-di-stato/</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">"Ecco le date delle elezioni cantonali 2023 e delle comunali 2024". www.cdt.ch (in Italian). 1 October 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021. <a href="https://www.cdt.ch/ticino/politica/ecco-le-date-delle-elezioni-cantonali-2023-e-delle-comunali-2024-AK4693367" target="_blank">https://www.cdt.ch/ticino/politica/ecco-le-date-delle-elezioni-cantonali-2023-e-delle-comunali-2024-AK4693367</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">"Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Ticino" (in Italian). Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. 14 December 1997. Retrieved 9 July 2009. <a href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_229/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">"Wahlen 2019 - Kanton Tessin: laufend aktualisierte Ergebnisse". www.elections.admin.ch. Retrieved 30 October 2021. <a href="https://www.elections.admin.ch/de/ti/" target="_blank">https://www.elections.admin.ch/de/ti/</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Squires, Nick. "Burkas and niqabs banned from Swiss canton". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2013. <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/switzerland/10327534/Burkas-and-niqabs-banned-from-Swiss-canton.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/switzerland/10327534/Burkas-and-niqabs-banned-from-Swiss-canton.html</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">"Swiss charge Pakistani over 'honour killing' of wife". Daily Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106214349/http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/national/24-Aug-2006/swiss-charge-pakistani-over-honour-killing-of-wife" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141106214349/http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/national/24-Aug-2006/swiss-charge-pakistani-over-honour-killing-of-wife</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:95">"About Franklin - the International Imperative - Franklin College". Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120420154544/http://www.fc.edu/content/about-franklin/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120420154544/http://www.fc.edu/content/about-franklin/</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:96">Kincaid, John; Alan Tarr, George (2005). Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 349. ISBN 9780773528499. On the south side of the Alps, the Canton of Ticino and parts of the Engadine Valley enjoy certain characteristics of Mediterranean culture. <a href="9780773528499" target="_blank">9780773528499</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:97">"Cenobio: rivista trimestrale di cultura della Svizzera italiana". Cenobio: 103. 2002. I diversi ingredienti dell'appartenenza nazionale e del sentimento patrio dei ticinesi rivelano un'apparente ambivalenza, incomprensibile se non si considera la natura duplice e complessa dell'identità ticinese. Durante i tre secoli di dominazione elvetica nei baliaggi meridionali, anche se perdura l'identità dei ticinesi con la stirpe italica (grazie soprattutto ai tradizionali scambi commerciali e umani con la Lombardia), il loro carattere di "italianità" si amalgama progressivamente – risultato delle strette consuetudini statuali, politiche e amministrative – con quello insorgente di "svizzerità" (elvetismo). [The different ingredients of national belonging and the homeland sentiment of the Ticinese reveal an apparent ambivalence, incomprehensible if one does not consider the dual and complex nature of the Ticinese identity. During the three centuries of Swiss domination in the southern bailiwicks, even if the identity of the Ticinese with the Italic lineage persists (thanks above all to the traditional commercial and human exchanges with Lombardy), their "Italian" character gradually amalgamates - the result of strict state, political and administrative customs - with the rising one of "Swissness".] <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-R0dAQAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=-R0dAQAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:98">Atti di Convegno internazionale di studi: L'umanesimo latino in Svizzera. Fondazione Cassamarca. 2002. p. 64. Retrieved 11 April 2022. importante ricordare che all'inizio del Novecento il Ticino aveva appena un secolo di esistenza autonoma, che l'identità ticinese si era formata a poco a poco nell'Ottocento grazie agli sforzi di personalità come Carlo Cattaneo e Stefano Franscini [it is important to remember that at the beginning of the twentieth century Ticino had barely a century of autonomous existence, that the Ticinese identity was gradually formed in the nineteenth century thanks to the efforts of personalities such as Carlo Cattaneo and Stefano Franscini] <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uYsvAQAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=uYsvAQAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:99">Lepori, Pierre (2008). Il teatro nella Svizzera italiana: la generazione dei "fondatori" (1932-1987). Casagrande. p. 24. ISBN 9788877135155. Francesco Chiesa (che pure aveva attribuito al Ticino l'epiteto di "Repubblica dell'iperbole") su "La Voce" (18 dicembre 1912) afferma: "I Ticinesi hanno generalmente un concetto altissimo del loro paese, delle loro istituzioni, dei loro uomini. Un critico rigido potrebbe in alcuni casi trovare esagerate le lodi, e un tantino eroicomico il tono (...). Ma è bello e quasi commovente che in un paese di tenaci odi politici e di così voluttuosi pettegolezzi, tutti: rossi e neri, campagnuoli e cittadini, siano tanto concordi in questo sentimento di esaltata stima". <a href="9788877135155" target="_blank">9788877135155</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:100">"République" (in French). Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Retrieved 1 February 2021. Les nouveaux cantons de la Suisse latine choisirent le titre de république, qui soulignait leur indépendance, alors que "canton" met l'accent sur l'appartenance à la Confédération; Genève, Neuchâtel et le Tessin l'ont conservé jusqu'à nos jours. [The new cantons of Latin Switzerland chose the title of republic, which underlined their independence, while "canton" emphasizes membership of the Confederation; Geneva, Neuchâtel and Ticino have kept it to this day.] <a href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/009925/2011-12-23/" target="_blank">https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/009925/2011-12-23/</a> <a href="#fnref:100" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:101">"Canton Ticino: a taste" (PDF). Swissnews.ch. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207161909/http://www.swissnews.ch/fileadmin/daten_Swissnews/PDF_Archiv/2010/05/100823_sn05__044_46_.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141207161909/http://www.swissnews.ch/fileadmin/daten_Swissnews/PDF_Archiv/2010/05/100823_sn05__044_46_.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:101" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:102">"The Architecture of Ticino "Tendenza" – a case of the past?" (PDF). BTU Cottbus. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141210135309/https://www-docs.tu-cottbus.de/lsk-architecture/public/lehrstuhl/professor/texte/en/loc_9805_engl2.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141210135309/https://www-docs.tu-cottbus.de/lsk-architecture/public/lehrstuhl/professor/texte/en/loc_9805_engl2.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:103">K. Michael Hays (2000). Architecture Theory Since 1968. MIT Press. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-262-58188-2. <a href="978-0-262-58188-2" target="_blank">978-0-262-58188-2</a> <a href="#fnref:103" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:104">"Canton Ticino: a taste" (PDF). Swissnews.ch. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207161909/http://www.swissnews.ch/fileadmin/daten_Swissnews/PDF_Archiv/2010/05/100823_sn05__044_46_.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141207161909/http://www.swissnews.ch/fileadmin/daten_Swissnews/PDF_Archiv/2010/05/100823_sn05__044_46_.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:104" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:105">Max Oettli (2011). CultureShock! Switzerland. Marshall Cavendish. p. 189. ISBN 978-981-4435-93-2. <a href="978-981-4435-93-2" target="_blank">978-981-4435-93-2</a> <a href="#fnref:105" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:106">Nicola Williams; Damien Simonis; Kerry Walker (2009). Switzerland. Lonely Planet. p. 330. ISBN 978-1-74220-381-2. <a href="978-1-74220-381-2" target="_blank">978-1-74220-381-2</a> <a href="#fnref:106" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:107">Joanne Lane (1 July 2007). Adventure Guide to Sicily. Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-58843-627-6. <a href="978-1-58843-627-6" target="_blank">978-1-58843-627-6</a> <a href="#fnref:107" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:108">"150 anni di Rabadan, vuoi rivederlo?". Radiotelevisione svizzera. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2022. <a href="https://www.rsi.ch/news/ticino-e-grigioni-e-insubria/cronaca/150-anni-di-Rabadan-vuoi-rivederlo-23684.html" target="_blank">https://www.rsi.ch/news/ticino-e-grigioni-e-insubria/cronaca/150-anni-di-Rabadan-vuoi-rivederlo-23684.html</a> <a href="#fnref:108" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:109">Gentile, Gianni (1991). La vita quotidiana in Svizzera dal 1300. Armando Dadò Editore. p. 275. ISBN 9788885115293. Sono fioriti però anche differenti generi di musica popolare: nella Svizzera tedesca i Ländler e le sonorità del corno delle Alpi e degli Jodler. L'arte del coro è stata coltivata nella Svizzera romanda e nel Grigioni romancio grazie a una preesistente ricca tradizione. Nel Ticino e in Italia invece fu soprattutto l'opera di stile veristico a diventare patrimonio popolare. I garzoni panettieri e macellai, mentre pedalavano sulle loro biciclette per fare le consegne, zufolavano le arie più famose di Verdi, Puccini e Mascagni. [However, different genres of popular music also flourished: in German-speaking Switzerland the Ländler and the sounds of the Alphorn and the Jodlers. Choir art was cultivated in French-speaking Switzerland and Romansh Grisons thanks to a pre-existing rich tradition. In Ticino and Italy, on the other hand, it was above all the veristic style work that became popular heritage. The bakers and butchers, while pedaling on their bicycles to make deliveries, whistled the most famous arias of Verdi, Puccini and Mascagni.] <a href="9788885115293" target="_blank">9788885115293</a> <a href="#fnref:109" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:110">Aonzo, Carlo (2015). Northern Italian & Ticino Region Folk Songs for Mandolin. Mel Bay Publications. p. 5. ISBN 9781610659406. il mandolino è arrivato in Ticino, e qui ha messo delle importanti radici, essendo tra i principali rappresentanti del patrimonio culturale locale [the mandolin arrived in Ticino, and here it has taken roots, being among the main representatives of the local cultural heritage] <a href="9781610659406" target="_blank">9781610659406</a> <a href="#fnref:110" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:111">Rice, Timothy (2017). "Switzerland: The Italian-speaking part". The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9781351544269. <a href="9781351544269" target="_blank">9781351544269</a> <a href="#fnref:111" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:112">"Presse: les titres participants" (PDF). REMP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207114010/http://www.remp.ch/pdf/fr/etudes_d_usage/mach_basic/MACH_Basic_2014-1_F/Listedesmedias_2014-1_F.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141207114010/http://www.remp.ch/pdf/fr/etudes_d_usage/mach_basic/MACH_Basic_2014-1_F/Listedesmedias_2014-1_F.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:112" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:113">"REMP bulletin des tirages 2014" (PDF). REMP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207114352/http://www.remp.ch/pdf/fr/tirages/2014/Bulletin_20141101_i.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141207114352/http://www.remp.ch/pdf/fr/tirages/2014/Bulletin_20141101_i.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:113" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:114">"Boccia – vom Zeitvertreib zum Leistungssport: Kommen die Kugelschieber zu olympischen Ehren?". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. NZZ. 11 October 2004. Retrieved 27 November 2014. <a href="http://www.nzz.ch/startseite/article9WS8Z-1.318882" target="_blank">http://www.nzz.ch/startseite/article9WS8Z-1.318882</a> <a href="#fnref:114" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:115">"Tessiner Polenta". TicinoTopTen. Retrieved 27 November 2014. <a href="http://www.ticinotopten.ch/de/spezialitaeten/polenta-tessin?hotel" target="_blank">http://www.ticinotopten.ch/de/spezialitaeten/polenta-tessin?hotel</a> <a href="#fnref:115" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:116">Oettli, Max (2011). CultureShock! Switzerland. Marshall Cavendish. p. 158. ISBN 9789814435932. <a href="9789814435932" target="_blank">9789814435932</a> <a href="#fnref:116" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:117">"Salumi: Prodotti tipici". Retrieved 18 April 2022. <a href="https://www.ticinotopten.ch/it/prodotti/salumi" target="_blank">https://www.ticinotopten.ch/it/prodotti/salumi</a> <a href="#fnref:117" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:118">"Olio d'oliva ticinese". Culinary Heritage of Switzerland. Retrieved 9 March 2022. Nel 1494, 1600 e 1709, gli oliveti vennero quasi completamente distrutti dal gelo. Anni dopo, furono accantonati in favore dei gelsi, così da promuovere l'allevamento dei bachi da seta. Verso la fine degli anni '80 del secolo scorso, la coltivazione dell'olivo è stata ripresa [In 1494, 1600 and 1709, frost destroyed almost all the olive trees. Later, they were replaced by mulberry trees to promote the breeding of silkworms. Olive cultivation in Ticino was revived at the end of the 1980s] <a href="https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Prodotti#471" target="_blank">https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Prodotti#471</a> <a href="#fnref:118" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:119">"Torta di Pane". Culinary Heritage of Switzerland. Retrieved 18 April 2022. <a href="https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produit/Torta-di-Pane/63" target="_blank">https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produit/Torta-di-Pane/63</a> <a href="#fnref:119" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:120">"Panettone". Culinary Heritage of Switzerland. Retrieved 18 April 2022. <a href="https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Prodotto/Panettone/60" target="_blank">https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Prodotto/Panettone/60</a> <a href="#fnref:120" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:121">"Panettone al cioccolato, un ticinese batte tutti" [Chocolate panettone, a Ticinese beats everyone]. Radiotelevisione svizzera. 21 December 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2022. <a href="https://www.rsi.ch/news/ticino-e-grigioni-e-insubria/Panettone-al-cioccolato-un-ticinese-batte-tutti-14848203.html" target="_blank">https://www.rsi.ch/news/ticino-e-grigioni-e-insubria/Panettone-al-cioccolato-un-ticinese-batte-tutti-14848203.html</a> <a href="#fnref:121" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:122">"Gazosa – die Kultlimonade aus dem Tessin". Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. Retrieved 26 November 2014. <a href="http://www.srf.ch/news/regional/sommerserie/gazosa-die-kultlimonade-aus-dem-tessin" target="_blank">http://www.srf.ch/news/regional/sommerserie/gazosa-die-kultlimonade-aus-dem-tessin</a> <a href="#fnref:122" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:123">"La gazzosa ticinese sfonda il Gottardo" (PDF). Il Caffè. Retrieved 26 November 2014. <a href="http://caffe.ch/media/STATICHE/ilcaffe/epaper/2013-05-12/023.pdf" target="_blank">http://caffe.ch/media/STATICHE/ilcaffe/epaper/2013-05-12/023.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:123" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:124">"What is a Boccalino?". Boccalino Grotto. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205152616/http://www.boccalinogrotto.com/our-story/what-is-a-boccalino/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141205152616/http://www.boccalinogrotto.com/our-story/what-is-a-boccalino/</a> <a href="#fnref:124" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:125">"Bruscitt" (in Italian). Retrieved 17 February 2024. <a href="http://www.leterredelgusto.it/prodotto.php?prod=307" target="_blank">http://www.leterredelgusto.it/prodotto.php?prod=307</a> <a href="#fnref:125" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:126">"Antonella Clerici si commuove in diretta. Ciò che succede in studio non la lascia indifferente: il ricordo che emoziona anche il pubblico" (in Italian). 30 November 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2024. <a href="https://www.caffeinamagazine.it/televisione/antonella-clerici-si-commuove-bruscitti-e-sempre-mezzogiorno/" target="_blank">https://www.caffeinamagazine.it/televisione/antonella-clerici-si-commuove-bruscitti-e-sempre-mezzogiorno/</a> <a href="#fnref:126" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:127">"Bruscitt con polenta di mais corvino e carciofi croccanti" (in Italian). Retrieved 19 February 2024. <a href="https://www.rsi.ch/food/serie/filo-diretto/Bruscitt-con-polenta-di-mais-corvino-e-carciofi-croccanti--720672.html" target="_blank">https://www.rsi.ch/food/serie/filo-diretto/Bruscitt-con-polenta-di-mais-corvino-e-carciofi-croccanti--720672.html</a> <a href="#fnref:127" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:128">Nicht, Christoph. "Pietro Magno und die italienischen Stukkateurtrupps" (PDF). Frankenland.franconica.uni-wuerzburg.de. Retrieved 4 September 2019. <a href="http://frankenland.franconica.uni-wuerzburg.de/login/data/1999_34.pdf" target="_blank">http://frankenland.franconica.uni-wuerzburg.de/login/data/1999_34.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:128" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Ticino open-in-new

Ticino