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Cross-drive steering transmission
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<h2 id="x1100">X1100</h2> <p>A later design of cross-drive transmission, the Allison X1100, was used in the 1970s experimental US <a href="/facts/MBT-70/4s1uuWIN">MBT-70</a> and <a href="/facts/XM1_Abrams/hf3YUcah">XM1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> tanks, then later adopted in the <a href="/facts/M1_Abrams/hf3YUcah">M1 Abrams</a>. This adopts a different principle for the steering cross-coupling: instead of a hydro-dynamic torque converter, it uses a hydrostatic combination of a <a href="/facts/Hydraulic_pump/EVxec5gu">hydraulic pump</a> and a <a href="/facts/Hydraulic_motor/vvF2RMGs">hydraulic motor</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>The X1100 was designed as a modular system, allowing its easy adaption to vehicles with different power plants, ranging from diesels to gas turbines. The central module is matched to the engine driving it, the outer steering modules to the weight and speed of the vehicle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>This steering radius varied according to the gearbox ratio, so making a high-speed turn could become a complex process of forward planning and shifting into a suitable gear beforehand. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"24: Cross-Drive Transmission". Principles of Automotive Vehicles. US Department of the Army. 29 October 1985. TM-9-8000. <a href="http://automotiveenginemechanics.tpub.com/TM-9-8000/TM-9-80000502.htm" target="_blank">http://automotiveenginemechanics.tpub.com/TM-9-8000/TM-9-80000502.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>John F. Loosbrook (March 1950). "New Army Tractors Steer Like Planes". Popular Science. pp. 133–135. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KS0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA133-PA135" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=KS0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA133-PA135</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Schmidt, J. W.; Hadley, G. L. (1 February 1977). "The New X1100 Automatic Transmissions for the XM1 Tank". SAE Technical Papers. SAE Technical Paper Series. 1 (770339). doi:10.4271/770339. Abstract: The X1100 is a fully automatic shifting transmission which has been designed and developed for vehicles in the 49 to 60 ton class, operating at speeds of 40 to 50 mph. A modular design is utilized to provide application flexibility for diesel or turbine engines of 1300 to 1500 GHP, as well as adaption to the current M60 vehicle. This automatic transmission features a hydrostatic steer system with pivot steer, a four speed range pack, integral power brakes and a high speed reverse. The torque converter can be locked up in all gear ranges to provide optimum transmission performance. <a href="http://papers.sae.org/770339/" target="_blank">http://papers.sae.org/770339/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"25: X1100 Series Cross-Drive Transmission". Principles of Automotive Vehicles. US Department of the Army. 29 October 1985. TM-9-8000. <a href="http://automotiveenginemechanics.tpub.com/TM-9-8000/TM-9-80000523.htm" target="_blank">http://automotiveenginemechanics.tpub.com/TM-9-8000/TM-9-80000523.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"25: X1100 Series Cross-Drive Transmission". Principles of Automotive Vehicles. US Department of the Army. 29 October 1985. TM-9-8000. <a href="http://automotiveenginemechanics.tpub.com/TM-9-8000/TM-9-80000523.htm" target="_blank">http://automotiveenginemechanics.tpub.com/TM-9-8000/TM-9-80000523.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>