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Keyword Protocol 2000
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<h2 id="commonly-used-physical-layers">Commonly used physical layers</h2> <p>One underlying physical layer used for KWP2000 is identical to <a href="/facts/ISO_9141/rPmCA4NN">ISO 9141</a>, with bidirectional <a href="/facts/Serial_communication/r5xP7P1c">serial communication</a> on a single line called the K-line. In addition, there is an optional L-line for wakeup. The data rate is between 1.2 and 10.4 <a href="/facts/Baud/uCsmXrdT">kilobaud</a>, and a message may contain up to 255 bytes in the data field.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>When implemented on a K-line physical layer KWP2000 requires special <i>wakeup</i> sequences: <i>5-baud wakeup</i> and <i>fast-initialisation</i>. Both of these wakeup methods require timing critical manipulation of the K-line signal. </p><p>KWP2000 is also compatible on <a href="/facts/ISO_11898/EGxoS88W">ISO 11898</a> (Controller Area Network) supporting higher data rates of up to 1 Mbit/s. CAN is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to K-line because the CAN bus is usually present in modern-day vehicles and thus removing the need to install an additional physical cable. </p><p>Using KWP2000 on CAN with ISO 15765 Transport/Network layers is most common. Also using KWP2000 on CAN does not require the special wakeup functionality. </p><p>KWP2000 can be implemented on CAN using just the service layer and session layer (no header specifying length, source and target addresses is used and no checksum is used); or using all layers (header and checksum are encapsulated within a CAN frame). However using all layers is overkill, as ISO 15765 provides its own Transport/Network layers. </p> <h2 id="iso-14230">ISO 14230</h2> <p>ISO 14230 Road vehicles – Diagnostic systems – Keyword Protocol 2000 is structured as follows: </p> <ul><li>ISO 14230-1 Physical layer</li> <li>ISO 14230-2 Data link layer</li> <li>ISO 14230-3 Application layer</li> <li>ISO 14230-4 Requirements for emission-related systems</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Smith, Craig (2016). The Car Hacker's Handbook: A Guide for the Penetration Tester. No Starch Press. p. 22. ISBN 9781593277031. Retrieved 10 May 2018. <a href="9781593277031" target="_blank">9781593277031</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>