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1829 in science
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<h2 id="chemistry">Chemistry</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Sir_Isaac_Holden%2c_1st_Baronet/MJxIDtGg">Isaac Holden</a> produces a form of friction <a href="/facts/Match/EQPsJa7J">match</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="mathematics">Mathematics</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Peter_Gustav_Lejeune_Dirichlet/b5UIU7Uy">Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet</a> publishes a memoir giving the <a href="/facts/Dirichlet_conditions/AV0m4p4s">Dirichlet conditions</a>, showing for which functions the convergence of the <a href="/facts/Fourier_series/s3fsxPAT">Fourier series</a> holds; introducing <a href="/facts/Dirichlet%2527s_test/02ucopM8">Dirichlet's test</a> for the convergence of series; the <a href="/facts/Dirichlet_function/d9o708HR">Dirichlet function</a> as an example that not any function is integrable; and, in the proof of the theorem for the Fourier series, the <a href="/facts/Dirichlet_kernel/eKdT65eP">Dirichlet kernel</a> and <a href="/facts/Dirichlet_integral/fFo9lHcb">Dirichlet integral</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> He also introduces a general modern concept for a <a href="/facts/Function_(mathematics)/CdReEKCh">function</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nikolai_Ivanovich_Lobachevsky/0fe8z6jY">Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky</a> publishes his work on hyperbolic <a href="/facts/Non-Euclidean_geometry/efKa7De2">non-Euclidean geometry</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sim%25C3%25A9on_Denis_Poisson/zmsDITrY">S. D. Poisson</a> publishes <i>Sur l'attraction des sphéroides</i>.</li></ul> <h2 id="medicine">Medicine</h2> <ul><li>Dr <a href="/facts/Benjamin_Guy_Babington/n0KzDjJF">Benjamin Guy Babington</a> makes the first known use of a <a href="/facts/Laryngoscope/tCclGuJ5">laryngoscope</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="palaeontology">Palaeontology</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Jules_Desnoyers/nCEhpC66">Jules Desnoyers</a> names the <a href="/facts/Quaternary/3cEgHAqc">Quaternary</a> period.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Engis_2/uqHGfndL">Engis 2</a>, part of the skull of a young child and other bones, recognised in 1936 as the first known <a href="/facts/Neanderthal/19rBo6ze">Neanderthal</a> fossil, is found in the <a href="/facts/Awirs/JrhovzC2">Awirs</a> cave near <a href="/facts/Engis/0dXFMRXf">Engis</a> in the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands/JGfEtJAy">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (modern-day Belgium) by <a href="/facts/Philippe-Charles_Schmerling/Ymd3KgAN">Philippe-Charles Schmerling</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="technology">Technology</h2> <ul><li>May – <a href="/facts/Cyrill_Demian/8IHMgqnw">Cyrill Demian</a> <a href="/facts/Patent/LjT2bG3A">patents</a> a version of the <a href="/facts/Accordion/h22CqQVA">accordion</a> in <a href="/facts/Vienna/NSpIURsA">Vienna</a>.</li> <li>June 30 – <a href="/facts/Henry_Robinson_Palmer/WxBjhrw0">Henry Robinson Palmer</a> files a British patent application for <a href="/facts/Corrugated_galvanised_iron/B7XR0sCk">corrugated iron</a> for use in buildings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li>July 23 – In the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>, <a href="/facts/William_Austin_Burt/qPjz0KtJ">William Burt</a> obtains the first patent for a form of <a href="/facts/Typewriter/CHE43FWP">typewriter</a>, the <i><a href="/facts/Typographer_(typewriter)/c8qmQ8ku">typographer</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>October 6–14 – The <a href="/facts/Rainhill_Trials/CJ7Ydzpg">Rainhill Trials</a>, a <a href="/facts/Steam_locomotive/cXEQwhFk">steam locomotive</a> competition, are run in <a href="/facts/England/U9mE5bGL">England</a> and won by <a href="/facts/Stephenson%2527s_Rocket/c0xEJMRM">Stephenson's <i>Rocket</i></a>.</li> <li>December 19 – <a href="/facts/Charles_Wheatstone/935jnRhj">Charles Wheatstone</a> patents the <a href="/facts/Concertina/G61saEVo">concertina</a> in Britain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>William Mann invents the compound <a href="/facts/Air_compressor/wclAqCt2">air compressor</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Louis_Braille/r4lKlvqC">Louis Braille</a> publishes the first description of his method of <a href="/facts/Paper_embossing/pqmtdax0">embossed</a> printing that allows the <a href="/facts/Visually_impaired/sFuqKj3n">visually impaired</a> to read.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="higher-education">Higher Education</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Chalmers_University_of_Technology/L9PhS9LV">Chalmers University of Technology</a> founded in <a href="/facts/Gothenburg/oj5t3USI">Gothenburg</a>, <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Technical_University_of_Denmark/vLv1zoBQ">Technical University of Denmark</a> (originally named 'College of Advanced Technology') founded in <a href="/facts/Copenhagen/58Tl28IX">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw">Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/University_of_Stuttgart/Fj4bN8UX">University of Stuttgart</a> founded in <a href="/facts/Stuttgart/H4DCyM2U">Stuttgart</a>, <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ecole_Centrale_Paris/UJvkDGl2">Ecole Centrale Paris</a> (originally named 'École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures') founded in <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a>, <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="awards">Awards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Copley_Medal/bBwd6QzN">Copley Medal</a>: not awarded<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <ul><li>February 2 <ul><li><a href="/facts/Alfred_Brehm/8VDwrSDz">Alfred Brehm</a> (died <a href="/facts/1884_in_science/fGwEUMb8">1884</a>), German <a href="/facts/Zoologist/6Kj13mBt">zoologist</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/William_Stanley_(inventor)/cCstvEJd">William Stanley</a> (died <a href="/facts/1909_in_science/9XtDzVts">1909</a>), English <a href="/facts/Invention/P3LdUHBY">inventor</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>March 23 – <a href="/facts/N._R._Pogson/R7B0yo3C">N. R. Pogson</a> (died <a href="/facts/1891_in_science/QJnrB8AD">1891 in science</a>), English-born <a href="/facts/Astronomer/ronF8j4a">astronomer</a>.</li> <li>April 28 – <a href="/facts/Charles_Bourseul/PPePS92l">Charles Bourseul</a> (died <a href="/facts/1912_in_science/ro3op4mA">1912</a>), Belgian-born <a href="/facts/Telegraph/JhRYDSDu">telegraph</a> engineer.</li> <li>April 30 – <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter/lgNKJxUy">Ferdinand von Hochstetter</a> (died <a href="/facts/1884_in_science/fGwEUMb8">1884</a>), German-born <a href="/facts/Geologist/vGc0tBHB">geologist</a>.</li> <li>July 30 – <a href="/facts/George_Rolleston/lRIsDmAE">George Rolleston</a> (died <a href="/facts/1881_in_science/ga23uFLG">1881</a>), English <a href="/facts/Physician/qJ3woFvG">physician</a> and zoologist.</li> <li>August 13 (O.S. August 1) – <a href="/facts/Ivan_Sechenov/WGpF7ERd">Ivan Sechenov</a> (died <a href="/facts/1905_in_science/L89WrSLG">1905</a>), "father of Russian <a href="/facts/Physiology/fh25y2pQ">physiology</a>".</li> <li>August 23 – <a href="/facts/Moritz_Cantor/pzGRxhbq">Moritz Cantor</a> (died <a href="/facts/1920_in_science/FcwHBQPg">1920</a>), German historian of mathematics.</li> <li>August 24 - <a href="/facts/Emanuella_Carlbeck/0Bvfebuy">Emanuella Carlbeck</a> (died <a href="/facts/1901_in_science/PbHMXfG4">1901</a>), Swedish pioneer in the education of students with intellectual disability.</li> <li>September 7 – <a href="/facts/August_Kekul%25C3%25A9/w1lFwWY9">August Kekulé</a> (died <a href="/facts/1896_in_science/Hn7lN2H3">1896</a>), German <a href="/facts/Chemist/N09K7Bdm">chemist</a>.</li> <li>September 30 <ul><li><a href="/facts/Franz_Reuleaux/wczEbCDD">Franz Reuleaux</a> (died 1905), German <a href="/facts/Mechanical_engineer/cbId4fye">mechanical engineer</a>, "father of kinematics".</li> <li><a href="/facts/Joseph_Wolstenholme/6Kfwb1bE">Joseph Wolstenholme</a> (died 1891), English <a href="/facts/Mathematician/eaFSR8Fx">mathematician</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>October 15 – <a href="/facts/Asaph_Hall/cFwjcNqx">Asaph Hall</a> (died <a href="/facts/1907_in_science/6kN1ef3W">1907</a>), American astronomer.</li> <li>November 4 – <a href="/facts/Hanna_Hammarstr%25C3%25B6m/0xD2of8r">Hanna Hammarström</a> (died <a href="/facts/1909_in_science/9XtDzVts">1909</a>), Swedish inventor.</li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <ul><li>March 1 – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Earnshaw/uzycdRRm">Thomas Earnshaw</a> (born <a href="/facts/1749_in_science/IINcTscJ">1749</a>), English <a href="/facts/Watchmaker/VvCQx4zk">watchmaker</a>.</li> <li>April 6 – <a href="/facts/Niels_Henrik_Abel/6kMfdRkT">Niels Henrik Abel</a> (born <a href="/facts/1802_in_science/a7zPbUNx">1802</a>), Norwegian <a href="/facts/Mathematician/eaFSR8Fx">mathematician</a>.</li> <li>May 10 – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Young_(scientist)/X4RtR47L">Thomas Young</a> (born <a href="/facts/1773_in_science/xaDVo9u4">1773</a>), English <a href="/facts/Physicist/cQcgvSIm">physicist</a>.</li> <li>May 29 – <a href="/facts/Humphry_Davy/aDNRfNou">Humphry Davy</a> (born <a href="/facts/1778_in_science/r81Wezja">1778</a>), English <a href="/facts/Chemist/N09K7Bdm">chemist</a>.</li> <li>June 29 – <a href="/facts/James_Smithson/9kX2J27g">James Smithson</a> (born <a href="/facts/1764_in_science/ok32J8n4">1764</a>), English <a href="/facts/Mineralogist/MeIK9lx9">mineralogist</a>, chemist and <a href="/facts/Benefactor_(law)/XnGqH8yI">benefactor</a>.</li> <li>November 14 – <a href="/facts/Louis_Nicolas_Vauquelin/ygSb9h9Q">Louis Nicolas Vauquelin</a> (born <a href="/facts/1763_in_science/N2n5qvaT">1763</a>), French chemist.</li> <li>October 10 – <a href="/facts/Maria_Elizabetha_Jacson/uwmMvjLK">Maria Elizabetha Jacson</a> (born <a href="/facts/1755_in_science/ItatQVjG">1755</a>), English <a href="/facts/Botanist/PaIRoxnb">botanist</a>.</li> <li>December 28 – <a href="/facts/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck/3lxaPmqM">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</a> (born <a href="/facts/1744_in_science/Fw2AsVHB">1744</a>), French <a href="/facts/Natural_history/pSlAvbTX">naturalist</a>.</li> <li><i>undated</i> – <a href="/facts/Huang_L%25C3%25BC/IvN3p0Ta">Huang Lü</a>, Chinese scientist.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Bressoud, David M. (2007). A radical approach to real analysis (2nd ed.). [Washington, D.C.]: Mathematical Association of America. pp. 218–227. ISBN 978-0-88385-747-2. <a href="978-0-88385-747-2" target="_blank">978-0-88385-747-2</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Elstrodt, Jürgen (2007). "The Life and Work of Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–1859)" (PDF). Clay Mathematics Proceedings. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-22. Retrieved 2011-10-20. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522140235/http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/tschinkel/gauss-dirichlet/elstrodt-new.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210522140235/http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/tschinkel/gauss-dirichlet/elstrodt-new.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. pp. 108–111. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8. <a href="978-1-84724-008-8" target="_blank">978-1-84724-008-8</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Radomski, Teresa (2005). "Manuel García (1805–1906): a bicentenary reflection" (PDF). Australian Voice. 11: 25–41. Retrieved 2012-02-07. <a href="http://www.harmonicorde.com/Radomski%20Australian%20Voice.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.harmonicorde.com/Radomski%20Australian%20Voice.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Schmerling, Philippe-Charles (1833). Recherches sur les ossements fossiles découverts dans les cavernes de la Province de Liège. Liège: P.-J. Collardin. S. 1–66. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Thomson, Nick (2011). Corrugated Iron Buildings. Oxford: Shire Publications. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-0-7478-0783-4. <a href="978-0-7478-0783-4" target="_blank">978-0-7478-0783-4</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>U.S. Patent 5581X. <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/USX5581" target="_blank">https://patents.google.com/patent/USX5581</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Portfolio of Historic Concertina Patents". <a href="http://www.concertina.com/patents/index.htm#wheatstone-patent-1829" target="_blank">http://www.concertina.com/patents/index.htm#wheatstone-patent-1829</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Procédé pour écrire les Paroles, la Musique et le Plain-chant au moyen de points, à l'usage des Aveugles et disposés pour eux. Paris. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 July 2020. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>