"From Sand to Silicon "Making of a Chip" Illustrations" (PDF). Intel. May 2009. Retrieved July 25, 2014. https://download.intel.com/newsroom/kits/chipmaking/pdfs/Sand-to-Silicon_22nm-Version.pdf
Seth P. Bates (2000). "Silicon Wafer Processing" (PDF). gatech.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-16. Retrieved July 25, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150616070718/http://www-old.me.gatech.edu/jonathan.colton/me4210/waferproc.pdf
Saraswat, Dr Manish (2002-01-01). "Computer architecture and organization". https://www.academia.edu/66469748