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Data collection system
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<h2 id="importance">Importance</h2> <p>Accurate data collection is essential to many <a href="/facts/Business_process/fYH2eREc">business processes</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> to the enforcement of many government <a href="/facts/Regulation/eFR0l2x9">regulations</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> and to maintaining the integrity of scientific research.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>Data collection systems are an end-product of <a href="/facts/Software_development/UUfsAaYY">software development</a>. Identifying and categorizing software or a software sub-system as having aspects of, or as actually being a "Data collection system" is very important. This categorization allows encyclopedic knowledge to be gathered and applied in the design and implementation of future systems. In <a href="/facts/Software_design/61rGr5Ej">software design</a>, it is very important to identify generalizations and <a href="/facts/Software_design_pattern/mV7r4egw">patterns</a> and to <a href="/facts/Code_reuse/DVohfy6U">re-use</a> existing knowledge whenever possible.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="types">Types</h2> <p>Generally the computer software used for <a href="/facts/Data_collection/rEGBdDzj">data collection</a> falls into one of the following categories of practical application.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Survey_(human_research)/6QHqlj8c">Surveys</a> or questionnaires<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>Data registries<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Case_management_(US_health_system)/SI2hRFhG">Case management</a> systems<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Performance_measurement/jpDCvete">Performance measurement</a> systems<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li>Exams and <a href="/facts/Quiz/TehHth1N">quizzes</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li>Online forms and form filing and reporting systems<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2> <p>There is a <a href="/facts/Taxonomic_scheme/QRvFI267">taxonomic scheme</a> associated with data collection systems, with readily-identifiable synonyms used by different industries and organizations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> Cataloging the most commonly used and widely accepted vocabulary improves efficiencies, helps reduce variations, and improves data quality.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p><p>The vocabulary of data collection systems stems from the fact that these systems are often a software representation of what would otherwise be a paper data collection <a href="/facts/Form_(document)/Prp58wK5">form</a> with a complex internal structure of sections and sub-sections. Modeling these structures and relationships in software yields technical terms describing the <a href="/facts/Data_hierarchy/PFAG15Rm">hierarchy</a> of <a href="/facts/Container_(abstract_data_type)/gsC5UcqD">data containers</a>, along with a set of industry-specific synonyms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p> <h3>Collection synonyms</h3> <p>A <a href="/facts/Collection_(abstract_data_type)/KdjDzR7v">collection</a> (used as a noun) is the topmost container for grouping related documents, <a href="/facts/Data_model/j1YyzpJ3">data models</a>, and <a href="/facts/Dataset/eDvegUTK">datasets</a>. Typical vocabulary at this level includes the terms:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Project</li> <li>Registry</li> <li>Repository</li> <li>System</li> <li>Top-level <a href="/facts/Container_(abstract_data_type)/gsC5UcqD">Container</a></li> <li>Library</li> <li>Study</li> <li>Organization</li> <li>Party</li> <li>Site</li></ul> <h3>Data model synonyms</h3> <p>Each document or <a href="/facts/Dataset/eDvegUTK">dataset</a> within a <a href="/facts/Collection_(abstract_data_type)/KdjDzR7v">collection</a> is modeled in software. Constructing these models is part of designing or "authoring" the expected data to be collected. The terminology for these <a href="/facts/Data_model/j1YyzpJ3">data models</a> includes:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Datamodel/j1YyzpJ3">Datamodel</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Data_dictionary/GyQLYd7j">Data dictionary</a></li> <li>Schema</li> <li><a href="/facts/Form_(document)/Prp58wK5">Form</a></li> <li>Document</li> <li>Survey</li> <li>Instrument</li> <li>Questionnaire</li> <li>Data Sheet</li> <li>Expected Measurements</li> <li>Expected Observations</li> <li>Encounter Form</li> <li>Study Visit Form</li></ul> <h3>Sub-collection or master-detail synonyms</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Data_model/j1YyzpJ3">Data models</a> are often <a href="/facts/Hierarchical_database_model/vLzcNqVo">hierarchical</a>, containing sub-collections or <a href="/facts/Master%25E2%2580%2593detail_interface/9B9LX3Kh">master–detail</a> structures described with terms such as:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Section, Sub-section</li> <li>Block</li> <li>Module</li> <li>Sub-document</li> <li>Roster</li> <li>Parent-Child<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li>Dynamic List<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Data element synonyms</h3> <p>At the lowest level of the <a href="/facts/Data_model/j1YyzpJ3">data model</a> are the <a href="/facts/Data_element/jtyoAIAd">data elements</a> that describe individual pieces of data. Synonyms include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Field_(computer_science)/jt622EDb">(Data) Field</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Attribute_(computing)/EpQSmn02">Attribute</a></li> <li>Column (Definition)</li> <li>Parameter</li> <li>Item</li> <li>Variable</li> <li>Question</li></ul> <h3>Data point synonyms</h3> <p>Moving from the abstract, <a href="/facts/Domain_model/rSxm7s5a">domain modelling</a> facet to that of the concrete, actual data: the lowest level here is the <a href="/facts/Data_point/IFEDysRP">data point</a> within a <a href="/facts/Dataset/eDvegUTK">dataset</a>. Synonyms for <i>data point</i> include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Value</li> <li>Input</li> <li>Answer</li> <li>Response</li> <li>Observation</li> <li>Measurement</li> <li>Parameter Value</li> <li>Column Value</li></ul> <h3>Dataset synonyms</h3> <p>Finally, the synonyms for <a href="/facts/Dataset/eDvegUTK">dataset</a> include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Row</li> <li>Record</li> <li>Occurrence</li> <li>Instance</li> <li>(Document) Filing</li> <li>Episode</li> <li>Submission</li> <li>Observation Point</li> <li>Case</li> <li>Test</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sample_(statistics)/URCwKNge">(Individual) Sample</a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Data_management/Cykeqxc7">Data management</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Survey_data_collection/FtCDTUoT">Survey data collection</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Case_report_form/4Nt33BcL">Case report form</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Safety_data_sheet/jbshEV2W">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Data_mining/AH53q5ac">Data mining</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Web_mining/7fbuMUpN">Web mining</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Crowdsourcing/pIjlvb3E">Crowdsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Collaborative_software/YFaMuQdA">Collaborative software</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"What is a Data Collection System (DCS)? - Definition from Techopedia". Techopedia.com. 12 February 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-14. <a href="https://www.techopedia.com/definition/11311/data-collection-system-dcs" target="_blank">https://www.techopedia.com/definition/11311/data-collection-system-dcs</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Planning and Design of Data Collection Systems". U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT). 2005-08-15. Retrieved 2016-10-14. <a href="https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/subject_areas/statistical_policy_and_research/bts_statistical_standards_manual/html/chapter_02.html" target="_blank">https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/subject_areas/statistical_policy_and_research/bts_statistical_standards_manual/html/chapter_02.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Surveys and Data Collection Systems". U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2016-04-16. Retrieved 2016-10-14. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/surveys.htm" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/surveys.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Using SharePoint Forms for Data Collection". Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 2016-10-14. <a href="https://support.office.com/en-za/article/Create-data-forms-using-SharePoint-Designer-5b5e3970-af22-45d5-a796-edfe7dda15f6" target="_blank">https://support.office.com/en-za/article/Create-data-forms-using-SharePoint-Designer-5b5e3970-af22-45d5-a796-edfe7dda15f6</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Using Drupal for Multi-Page Collection of Data from Users". The Drupal Association. 2009-07-03. Retrieved 2016-10-14. <a href="https://www.drupal.org/node/145576" target="_blank">https://www.drupal.org/node/145576</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Data collection". SearchCIO. TechTarget. 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