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Doctrine of Addai
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<h2 id="content">Content</h2> <p>The story of how <a href="/facts/Abgar_V_of_Edessa/V5fVKmWY">King Abgar</a> and <a href="/facts/Jesus/Hcd9hEzI">Jesus</a> had corresponded was first recounted in the 4th century by the church historian <a href="/facts/Eusebius_of_Caesarea/JvkeIKcS">Eusebius of Caesarea</a> in his <i><a href="/facts/Church_History_(Eusebius)/SPRdz6kl">Ecclesiastical History</a></i> (i.13 and iii.1) and it was retold in elaborated form by <a href="/facts/Ephrem_the_Syrian/lsPlPE60">Ephrem the Syrian</a>. </p> <h2 id="purpose">Purpose</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Helmut_Koester/RTwM4mJf">Helmut Koester</a> regards the development of tradition of Thaddaeus' activity in Edessa as part of an effort to build the authority of the orthodox or <a href="/facts/Palut/nxfqwRfQ">Palutian</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> faction in Syria against the <a href="/facts/Manichean/fUWQUj6q">Manicheans</a> and <a href="/facts/Gnostic/gVGVzaAN">gnostics</a>, who had an older and stronger presence in the area and traced their lineage to <a href="/facts/Thomas_the_Apostle/4frqX9Tv">Thomas the Apostle</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> He considers the Palutian faction to have come to Edessa around 200 CE and only become significant in the fourth century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="manuscripts">Manuscripts</h2> <ul><li>ms Saint-Petersburg, National Library of Russia Saltykov-Shchedrine, N.S. Syr. 4 (Pigulevskaya 48), f. 1v33</li> <li>ms London, British Library, Add. 14654, f. 33r-v (fragment) + Add. 14644, f. 1-9v + Add. 14535, f. 1r (fragment) + Add. 12155, f. 53v + Add. 17193, f. 36v-37 (extrait)</li> <li>ms Alqosh, Église paroissiale chaldéenne, cod. 87 ?</li> <li>ms London, British Library, Add. 12161, f. 1v (fragment)</li> <li>ms London, British Library, Add. 14612, f. 165r (fragment)</li> <li>ms London, British Library, Add. 14644, f. 1-9v (mutilated from the beginning and in the middle)</li> <li>ms Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, syr. 62, f. 102v-108 (extraits)</li> <li>ms Birmingham, Selly Oak College Library, Coll. Mingana, Syr. 405, f. 1</li> <li>ms Jerusalem, Couvent syrien orthodoxe Saint-Marc, cod. 153, p. 241-259<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pseudo-Abdias/lz2vCKvT">Pseudo-Abdias</a> (x. 1)</li> <li>Nicephorus (H. E., ii. 7)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a>[<i>better source needed</i>]</li></ul> <h2 id="published-editions">Published editions</h2> <ul><li>Phillips, George, ed. (1876). <a href="https://archive.org/stream/doctrineofaddaia00phil#page/106/mode/2up"><i>The Doctrine of Addai, the apostle</i></a> (in Syriac). London: Trübner & Co. pp. 51–106.</li> <li>Meščerskaja, Elena Nikitična (1984). <i>Legenda ob Avgare — rannesirijskij literaturnyj pamjatnik: istoričeskie korni v ėvoljucii apokrifičeskoj legendy</i> [<i>The Legend of Abgar — early Syrian literary monument: Historical roots and evolution of an apocryphal legend</i>] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 119–184. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/715504370">715504370</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="modern-translations">Modern translations</h2> <h3>English</h3> <ul><li>Cureton, William (1864). <a href="https://archive.org/details/ancientsyriacdo00wriggoog"><i>Ancient Syriac documents relative to earliest establishment of Christianity in Edessa and the neighbouring countries, from the year after our Lord's Ascension to the beginning of the fourth century</i></a>. London, UK: Williams and Norgate. p. <a href="https://archive.org/details/ancientsyriacdo00wriggoog/page/n28">6</a>–23, 108–109.</li> <li>Phillips, George, ed. (1876). <a href="https://archive.org/stream/doctrineofaddaia00phil#page/n19/mode/2up"><i>The Doctrine of Addai, the apostle</i></a>. London: Trübner & Co. pp. 1–50. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904034555/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/addai_2_text.htm">HTML version</a>)</li> <li>Howard, George (1981). <i>The Teaching of Addai: Texts and translations</i>. Early Christian literature series. Chico, CA: Scholars Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-89130-490-6. Note: This includes a reprint of the Syriac edition of Phillips 1876<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>Lollar, Jacob A. (2023-11-10). <i><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Doctrine_of_Addai_and_the_Letters_of/UGrjEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">The Doctrine of Addai and the Letters of Jesus and Abgar</a></i>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-6667-5208-3.</li></ul> <h3>Other</h3> <ul><li>Desreumaux, Alain (1993). <i>Histoire du roi Abgar et de Jésus: présentation et trad. du texte syriaque intégral de "La doctrine d'Addaï"</i> [<i>History of King Abgar and Jesus: Presentation and tradition Of the Syriac text of "The Doctrine of Addai"</i>] (in French). Paris: Brepols. pp. 53–117. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-2-503-50305-9. This also contains an Ethiopian version.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li>Dutch: Jan Willem Drijvers, Helena Augusta, waarheid en legende ( Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 1989), pp: 153–157, Note: partielle</li> <li>Russian: Elena Nikitična Meščerskaja, Legenda ob Avgare — rannesirijskij literaturnyj pamjatnik: (istoričeskie korni v ėvoljucii apokrifičeskoj legendy) ( Moskva: Nauka, 1984), pp: 185–203</li> <li>Armenian: A Carrière, La légende d'Abgar dans l'Histoire d'Arménie de Moïse de Khoren ( Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1895), pp: 357–414</li> <li>Ethiopic: Getatchew Haile, " The Legend of Abgar in Ethiopic Tradition," Orientalia christiana periodica vol. 55 ( 1989), pp: 375–410<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Abgar_Legend/cjCqh01L">Abgar Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Holy_Qurbana_of_Addai_and_Mari/LDTgrFKc">Holy Qurbana of Addai and Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Early_centers_of_Christianity/dBPI8hwT">Early centers of Christianity</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="citations">Citations</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Walter_Bauer/KYLXbQm3">Bauer, Walter</a> (1991) [1934]. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000818212534/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~humm/Resources/Bauer/bauer01.htm"><i>Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity</i></a>. Translated by Steely, John E.; Kraft, Robert A. Archived from <a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~humm/Resources/Bauer/bauer01.htm">the original</a> on 18 August 2000.</li> <li>Koester, Helmut (July 1965). "ΓΝΩΜΑΙ ΔΙΑΦΟΡΟΙ: The Origin and Nature of Diversification in the History of Early Christianity". <i>Harvard Theological Review</i>. 58 (3): 279–318. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000031400">10.1017/S0017816000031400</a>. <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1508818">1508818</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163149876">163149876</a>.</li> <li>Saint-Laurent, Jeanne-Nicole Mellon; Michelson, David A.; Zanetti, Ugo; Detienne, Claude, eds. (5 November 2015). <a href="http://syriaca.org/work/921">"Addai (Teaching of) (text)"</a>. <i>Bibliotheca Hagiographica Syriaca</i>. Retrieved 31 August 2017. <i> This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.</i></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Leclercq, Henri (1913). <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Legend_of_Abgar">"Legend of Abgar" </a>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/facts/Catholic_Encyclopedia/GKufVzBf">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</li> <li><a href="http://www.apostle1.com/doctrine-addai-syriac-orthodox1.htm"><i>Doctrine of Addai</i></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170419061904/http://www.apostle1.com/doctrine-addai-syriac-orthodox1.htm">Archived</a> 2017-04-19 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> (text, in English)</li> <li>Chapman, Henry Palmer (1913). <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Doctrine_of_Addai">"Doctrine of Addai" </a>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/facts/Catholic_Encyclopedia/GKufVzBf">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</li> <li>Phillips, George, ed. (1876). <a href="https://archive.org/stream/doctrineofaddaia00phil#page/n5/mode/2up">"Preface"</a>. <i>The Doctrine of Addai, the apostle</i>. London: Trübner & Co. p. iii–xv. (<a href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/addai_1_intro.htm">HTML version</a>)</li> <li>Griffith, Sidney H. (2003). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222010700/http://www.bethmardutho.org/images/hugoye/volume6/hv6n2griffith.pdf">"The Doctrina Addai as a Paradigm of Christian Thought in Edessa in the Fifth Century"</a> (PDF). Institute of Christian Oriental Research, Catholic University of America. Archived from <a href="http://www.bethmardutho.org/images/hugoye/volume6/hv6n2griffith.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030821112810/http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol6No2/HV6N2Griffith.html">HTML version</a>)</li> <li>Ramelli, Ilaria (2006). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223030337/http://www.bethmardutho.org/images/hugoye/volume9/hv9n1ramelli.pdf">"Possible historical traces in the Doctrina Addai"</a> (PDF). <i>Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies</i>. 9 (1). Catholic University of Milan. Archived from <a href="http://www.bethmardutho.org/images/hugoye/volume9/hv9n1ramelli.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2017. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070504221223/http://syrcom.cua.edu/hugoye/Vol9No1/HV9N1Ramelli.html">HTML version</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brannon M. (2010-04-01). The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism. Scarecrow Press. p. 89. ISBN 9781461718956. <a href="9781461718956" target="_blank">9781461718956</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>The group now understood as the orthodox faction was known as the Palutians in Syria at this time. (Koester 1965, p. 305) - Koester, Helmut (July 1965). "ΓΝΩΜΑΙ ΔΙΑΦΟΡΟΙ: The Origin and Nature of Diversification in the History of Early Christianity". Harvard Theological Review. 58 (3): 279–318. doi:10.1017/S0017816000031400. JSTOR 1508818. S2CID 163149876. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000031400" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000031400</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Koester 1965, p. 296,305. - Koester, Helmut (July 1965). "ΓΝΩΜΑΙ ΔΙΑΦΟΡΟΙ: The Origin and Nature of Diversification in the History of Early Christianity". Harvard Theological Review. 58 (3): 279–318. doi:10.1017/S0017816000031400. JSTOR 1508818. S2CID 163149876. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000031400" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000031400</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Cf. Bauer, Walter (1909). Das Leben Jesu im Zeitalter der neutestamentlichen Apokryphen (in German). Tübingen, Germany: J. C. B. Mohr. pp. 444–445. <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bauer" target="_blank">/wiki/Walter_Bauer</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Koester 1965, p. 305-306. - Koester, Helmut (July 1965). "ΓΝΩΜΑΙ ΔΙΑΦΟΡΟΙ: The Origin and Nature of Diversification in the History of Early Christianity". Harvard Theological Review. 58 (3): 279–318. doi:10.1017/S0017816000031400. JSTOR 1508818. S2CID 163149876. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000031400" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000031400</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Saint-Laurent et al. 2015. - Saint-Laurent, Jeanne-Nicole Mellon; Michelson, David A.; Zanetti, Ugo; Detienne, Claude, eds. (5 November 2015). "Addai (Teaching of) (text)". Bibliotheca Hagiographica Syriaca. Retrieved 31 August 2017. <a href="http://syriaca.org/work/921" target="_blank">http://syriaca.org/work/921</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Walker, Alexander (1885). "Translator's introductory notice to the apocryphal acts of the apostles" . In Roberts, Alexander; Donaldson, James (eds.). Ante-Nicene Christian Library. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.. Note: Walker conflates the 'Acts of Thaddeus with the Doctrine of Addai. <a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" target="_blank">/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Saint-Laurent et al. 2015. - Saint-Laurent, Jeanne-Nicole Mellon; Michelson, David A.; Zanetti, Ugo; Detienne, Claude, eds. (5 November 2015). "Addai (Teaching of) (text)". Bibliotheca Hagiographica Syriaca. Retrieved 31 August 2017. <a href="http://syriaca.org/work/921" target="_blank">http://syriaca.org/work/921</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>French national library <a href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366840314" target="_blank">http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366840314</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Saint-Laurent et al. 2015. - Saint-Laurent, Jeanne-Nicole Mellon; Michelson, David A.; Zanetti, Ugo; Detienne, Claude, eds. (5 November 2015). "Addai (Teaching of) (text)". Bibliotheca Hagiographica Syriaca. Retrieved 31 August 2017. <a href="http://syriaca.org/work/921" target="_blank">http://syriaca.org/work/921</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>